童年创伤、亲子依恋对青少年问题行为的影响研究

为了探明童年创伤、亲子依恋对青少年问题行为的作用,采用儿童创伤问卷、依恋方式问卷和长处困难问卷对300名青少年进行调研。结果显示：童年创伤与安全型依恋显著负相关,与不安全型依恋显著正相关,与问题行为之间显著正相关;问题行为与安全型依恋之间显著负相关,与不安全型依恋之间显著正相关。结论：童年创伤可能破坏亲子依恋关系,进而导致青少年问题行为的发生。家长应该为子女创设良好的成长环境,良好的童年经历、高质量的亲子依恋关系意味着更少的问题行为。     

AAS、ECR、RQ量表使用比较与研究

目的:探讨成人依恋等级量表(AAS)、亲密关系经历量表(ECR)、关系调查问卷(RQ)在成人依恋测量中的适用性.方法:利用AAS、ECR、RQ量表对150名大专护理专业学生的依恋类型进行测量,并与以往研究结果进行了对照比较.结果:AAS、ECR、RQ三个量表信效度高,其测量结果与以往研究一致;AAS量表亲近、依赖分量表与RQ量表所测安全型、倾注型相关显著,AAS焦虑量表与RQ量表所测轻视型、害怕型相关显著;AAS量表亲近、依赖分量表与ECR依恋回避分量表相关显著,AAS焦虑量表与ECR依恋焦虑分量表相关显著;AAS四类型分法与RQ量表四类型分法一致;ECR量表与RQ量表的方差分析显示,RQ量表所测依恋四类型在ECR量表依恋回避与依恋焦虑两个分量表上差异显著.三个常用依恋量表具有各自的使用特点与内部一致性.     

大学生成人依恋、心理弹性与自我分化的关系

目的：探究大学生成人依恋、心理弹性与自我分化的关系。方法：本研究采用亲密关系经历量表、青少年心理韧性量表和大学生自我分化量表,对随机抽取的433名大学生进行调查。结果：依恋回避与心理弹性、自我分化均呈现显著的负相关,依恋焦虑与心理弹性、自我分化均呈现显著负相关,心理弹性与自我分化呈现显著正相关。依恋回避、依恋焦虑不仅能直接预测自我分化,还能通过心理弹性的中介作用,间接预测自我分化。结论：大学生成人依恋、心理弹性和自我分化两两之间具有明显的相关关系,心理弹性在成人依恋和自我分化之间具有部分中介作用。     

大学生成人依恋、社会支持与孤独感的关系

为探究大学生成人依恋、社会支持与孤独感的关系,采用亲密关系经历量表、社会支持评定量表和UCLA孤独量表对326名大学生施测。结果发现:(1)大学生成人依恋比较积极,依恋回避和依恋焦虑程度均较低。(2)大学生社会支持存在年级和生源地差异,大四学生对支持的利用度显著高于大三学生,来自农村的大学生其主观支持高于来自城市的大学生。(3)大学生孤独感程度较低,但大三学生孤独感显著高于大四学生。(4)成人依恋与孤独感呈显著正相关,社会支持与孤独感呈显著负相关,成人依恋与社会支持呈显著负相关。(5)依恋回避和依恋焦虑对孤独感具有显著正向预测作用,主观支持和支持利用度对孤独感具有显著负向预测作用。(6)主观支持和支持利用度在依恋回避和孤独感之间具有部分中介效应。     

依恋风格、心理卷入与大学生主观幸福感的关系

采用问卷法和访谈法探讨大学生依恋风格、心理卷入与其主观幸福感之间的关系。结果表明：大学生在依恋焦虑、依恋回避和心理卷入均与主观幸福感存在显著的负相关;依恋风格和心理卷入对大学生的主观幸福感有着交互影响;依恋焦虑、依恋回避、心理卷入等能有效预测大学生的主观幸福感。     

大学生网络强迫性购物对抑郁的影响：成人依恋的中介效应

为了探索大学生网络强迫性网购、成人依恋、抑郁三者的关系,并检验成人依恋在大学生网络强迫性购物与抑郁之间的中介效应,采用大学生网络强迫性购物量表、亲密关系经历量表、抑郁自评量表对662名大学生进行测试.结果发现：(1)大学生网络强迫性购物与依恋回避之间呈显著正相关,依恋回避、网络强迫性购物与抑郁均呈显著正相关;(2)大学生网络强迫性购物可以通过依恋回避对抑郁产生间接影响;(3)大学生网络强迫性购物与依恋焦虑之间呈显著正相关,依恋焦虑、网络强迫性购物与抑郁均呈显著正相关;(4)大学生网络强迫性购物可以通过依恋焦虑对抑郁产生间接影响.因此,大学生网络强迫性购物可以直接预测抑郁,且依恋焦虑、依恋回避部分中介于大学生网络强迫购物与抑郁.     

童年创伤对自杀风险的影响:神经质人格和抑郁的链式中介作用

自杀是我国大学生非正常死亡的首要原因,降低大学生自杀风险至关重要.为探讨童年创伤对大学生自杀风险的影响,以及神经质人格和抑郁在其中的作用机制,采用童年期创伤问卷、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中文版、贝克抑郁量表和自杀行为问卷对2687名大学生进行问卷调查.结果表明:(1)童年创伤、神经质人格、抑郁及自杀风险间均呈显著正相关....     

大学生成人依恋现状及因素分析——基于武汉高校的调查数据

大学生成人依恋状况历来是高校思政工作的重点和学界研究的焦点。借用亲密关系经历量表对武汉市五所在校大学生进行施测,探究当前大学生的成人依恋现状,而后从个体视域和家庭视域对大学生成人依恋的焦虑维度和回避维度进行分析。研究发现,在校大学生的成人依恋类型所占比例分别为:恐惧型(31%)、迷恋型(25.9%)、安全型(21.8%)、冷漠型(21.3%)。就个体视域而言,性别、专业、年级对于大学生成人依恋的焦虑维度和回避维度都不显著。就家庭视域而言,家庭来源、父母文化程度在大学生成人依恋的回避维度上有显著影响;而在焦虑维度上则没有显著影响。最后对研究结论进行分析和讨论,探究其产生的内在机理。     

大学生依恋类型与恋爱满意度的关系

采用李同归修订的亲密关系经历量表(ECR)和恋爱满意度问卷(RST)对郑州大学230名大学生进行调查,探讨大学生依恋类型与恋爱满意度的关系。结果表明大学生在依恋回避和依恋焦虑两个维度上差异显著;安全型大学生所占比例最高(68%);安全型被试恋爱关系满意度较高,而害怕型被试恋爱关系满意度较低。     

大学生自我同一性与亲密感相关研究——以福州市四所高校抽样问卷为例

采用问卷法对福州市四所高校300名大学生进行随机调查。结果表明:1)有恋爱经验的大学生在自我同一性的承诺及探索因子上的得分均高于从未恋爱组,但无显著差异。2)成人依恋中回避和焦虑因子的得分在不同同一性状态之间均不存在显著差异。但进一步比较发现,早闭型在焦虑因子上的得分显著低于延缓型。3)大学生成人依恋中的焦虑及回避因子与自我同一性的承诺因子都存在显著负相关,且承诺因子是焦虑与回避的有效预测变量;而成人依恋与探索因子尚不存在相关,但探索因子对成人依恋的焦虑具有预测作用。     

高职学生积极心理资本及其与心理健康关系的调查

为探讨高职学生积极心理资本的现状及其与心理健康的关系,选取215名高职学生,采用“积极心理资本量表（PPQ ）”和“症状自评量表（SCL-90）”进行问卷调查,并进行相关分析。结果发现高职学生积极心理资本状况基本良好;高职学生积极心理资本与心理健康有显著相关关系。因此提升高职学生的心理资本,对心理健康有积极的促进作用。     

Childhood sexual abuse, attachment, and trauma symptoms in college females: the moderating role of attachment

OBJECTIVE: The present study tests a model linking attachment, childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and adult psychological functioning. It expands on previous work by assessing the degree to which attachment security moderates the relationship between a history of child sexual abuse and trauma-related symptoms in college females. METHOD: Self-reports of attachment, childhood sexual abuse, and adult psychological functioning were obtained from 324 female undergraduate students attending a Southeastern U.S. university. Separate analyses were conducted examining the potential moderating role for close-adult, parent-child, and peer attachment styles. RESULTS: In this sample, 37.7% of participants reported sexually abusive experiences prior to age 16. History of child sexual abuse was consistently associated with higher levels of trauma-related symptoms and lower levels of attachment security in close-adult, parent-child, and peer relations. Additionally, attachment security was consistently associated with trauma-related symptoms. Close-adult, parent-child, and peer attachment differentially moderated trauma-related symptoms. Specifically, in peer relationships, the strength of the relationships between attachment measures and trauma symptoms were greater for CSA survivors than for non-abused participants. The opposite pattern of results was found for attachment in parental and close-adult relationships. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that attachment security in peer and parent relationships protects against the negative effects of CSA, while only weak, marginally significant protective effects were observed for close-adult relationships. Only modest support was found for the conceptualization of attachment as a moderator of the relationship between CSA and trauma-related symptoms. However, the results suggest that attachment security at least partially protects against negative CSA outcomes.     

Examining the role of attachment in the relationship between childhood adversity,psychological distress and subjective well-being

Childhood adversity is associated with a wide range of detrimental psychological consequences. This study examined the mediating role of relationship-specific attachment (avoidance and anxiety) in the associations between childhood adversity and both psychological distress and subjective well-being. University students (N = 190) across the Republic of Ireland completed self-report measures including the Adverse Childhood Experiences scale, Experiences in Close Relationships − Relationship Structures scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress scales and measures of subjective well-being. One hundred and twenty-eight participants (67.4%) reported experiencing at least one adverse childhood experience. Childhood adversity was associated with symptoms of psychological distress and subjective well-being. All such associations were mediated by certain relationship-specific attachment dimensions. Of these, attachment anxiety in general relationships was the most prominent mediator for both psychological distress and subjective well-being. Attachment to one’s father and to one’s romantic partner did not mediate any association. These findings indicate that attachment, in particular relationships, is an important factor in the associations between childhood adversity and both psychological distress and subjective well-being as an adult. One’s attachment anxiety in general relationships is particularly important in these associations. Therapeutic interventions addressing these attachment domains may offset the detrimental effects of childhood adversity. Future research is required using a longitudinal design.     

大学生依恋类型与心理健康的关系

通过使用亲密关系体验问卷和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对215名大学生进行了调查,探讨了大学生依恋类型与其心理健康之闻的关系。研究表明大学生依恋类型与其心理健康之间有密切关系。其中专注型男女在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、偏执、精神病性和其他因素上存在显著差异,冷漠型男女只在抑郁上存在显著差异;只有恐惧型恋爱与没有恋爱在人际关系、敌对、精神病性和其他因素上存在显著差异;安全型与不安全型只有在躯体化水平上差异不显著,在其他各水平上均达到显著。     

警院学生自尊与心理健康状况及其关系研究

以探讨警院学生自尊与心理健康的关系为目的,采用自尊量表(SES)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对260名警院学生和282名非警院学生进行调查。结果显示:警院学生自尊得分显著低于非警院学生;警院学生阳性筛查人数在总分、躯体化、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和偏执五个因子上显著高于非警院学生,在躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性八个因子得分和总分上均显著高于非警院学生;警院学生自尊水平与心理健康水平显著相关,自尊水平越高,心理健康水平越高。进而得出结论:警院学生自尊和心理健康水平较低,两者之间密切相关。     

高职新生焦虑状况与自我和谐关系的研究

目的:调查高职新生焦虑总体状况,分析高职新生焦虑与自我和谐的关系。方法:抽取郑州某高职院校新生1803名,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和自我和谐量表(SCCS)进行问卷调查。结果:高职新生SAS总分均值39.58±7.63;在性别、出生地、是否独生子女、是否单亲方面,高职新生SAS总分均不存在显著差异;高职新生焦虑与自我和谐之间存在显著相关。结论:高职新生SAS总分显著高于常模;高职新生焦虑与自我和谐状况密切相关,可通过提高高职学生的自我和谐程度来改善其焦虑情绪。     

Intergenerational effects of war trauma among Palestinian families mediated via psychological maltreatment

We tested the hypothesis that intergenerational effects of parents’ war trauma on offspring's attachment and mental health are mediated by psychological maltreatment. Two hundred and forty children and their parents were sampled from a war-prone area, Gaza, Palestine. The parents reported the number and type of traumatic experiences of war they had had during their lifetime before the child's birth and during a current war when the child was 10–12 years old. The children reported their war traumas, experiences of psychological maltreatment, attachment security, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTSS), depression, and aggression. The direct and indirect intergenerational effects of war trauma were tested in structural equation models. The hypotheses were confirmed for father's past war exposure, and disconfirmed for mother's war exposure. The father's past war trauma had a negative association with attachment security and positive association with the child's mental health problems mediated by increased psychological maltreatment. In contrast, the mother's past war trauma had a negative association with the child's depression via decreased psychological maltreatment. The mother's current war trauma had a negative association with the child's depression and aggression via decreased psychological maltreatment. Among fathers, past war exposure should be considered as a risk factor for psychological maltreatment of children and the associated attachment insecurity and mental health problems. Among mothers, war exposure as such could be given less clinical attention than PTSS in the prevention of psychological maltreatment of children.     

Past Peer Victimization and Current Adult Attachment in College Students

The authors examined the potential long‐term effects of peer victimization experiences during childhood on attachment quality in current adult relationships in a sample of 386 university students attending 2 northeastern universities. Findings included (a) no significant gender differences regarding verbal or relational peer victimization; (b) significant correlations between all forms of previous victimization; and (c) previous verbal and relational victimization predicting less stable adult attachments, with verbal victimization being more significant.     

Attachment insecurity mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and eating disorder psychopathology in a clinical sample: A structural equation model

Objectives

Childhood maltreatment occurs often among those with an eating disorder and is considered a nonspecific risk factor. However, the mechanisms by which childhood maltreatment may lead to an eating disorder are not well understood. The current study tests a model in which attachment insecurity is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and eating disorder psychopathology.

Method

Treatment seeking adults with eating disorders (N = 308) completed questionnaires about childhood maltreatment, eating disorder psychopathology, and adult attachment.

Results

Structural equation models indicated that childhood trauma had a direct effect on eating disorder symptoms. Also, attachment anxiety and avoidance each equally mediated the childhood maltreatment to eating disorder psychopathology relationship.

Conclusions

Attachment insecurity, characterized by affect dysregulation and interpersonal sensitivities may help to explain why eating disorder symptoms may be one consequence of childhood maltreatment in a clinical sample. Clinicians treating primarily those with trauma might assess for disordered eating as a potential manifestation of the sequelae of trauma and attachment insecurity.     

本科生幸福感与心理资本的状况及其关系

采用问卷法对370名本科生进行调查,考察本科生幸福感与心理资本的特点、影响因素及其二者的关系。研究结果发现：本科生幸福感处于平衡状态,其心理资本态势发展良好;不同生源地、年级本科生幸福感与心理资本存在一定的差异;家庭经济状况是影响本科生心理资本的重要因素;幸福感与心理资本之间存在显著相关性。