保存在档案馆的慈禧“御照”

近日，四川省南充市档案馆在整理馆藏照片时，意外发现一张清代慈禧太后的照片(如图)。     

采用Photoshop软件处理科技期刊中的照片图的方法

直接利用科技期刊论文作者电子文档(Word)中的照片图,采用Photoshop软件进行加工处理,可以获得符合科技期刊印刷要求的图像.其方法简单易学,实用性强.     

采用Photoshop软件处理科技期刊中的照片图的方法

直接利用科技期刊论文作者电子文档(Word)中的照片图,采用Photoshop软件进行加工处理,可以获得符合科技期刊印刷要求的图像.其方法简单易学,实用性强.     

老照片里的故事——一户农家60年亲历记

这幅非常普通的照片(图一)是新中国成立不到半年,在嘉兴县农村拍摄到的,随着社会发生翻开覆地的巨变,这幅照片也变成了"名作".     

照片数字化中底片扫描的应用

常规照片档案是由照片、底片和文字说明三部分内容组成的，笔者最近研读有关照片档案数字化技术论文，发现其侧重点主要是照片的扫描及其数字化管理，而忽视了底片包括正片(反转片、幻灯片)、负片数字化的重要性，有一定的局限性。     

照片数字化中底片扫描的应用

常规照片档案是由照片、底片和文字说明三部分内容组成的，笔者最近研读有关照片档案数字化技术论文，发现其侧重点主要是照片的扫描及其数字化管理，而忽视了底片包括正片(反转片、幻灯片)、负片数字化的重要性，有一定的局限性。     

有图未必有真相

这是个讲究“有图有真相”的时代.人们在网上发帖反映情况、表达观点,如果仅仅是以文字发布,读者或许将信将疑,响应者寥寥;但如果配上相关图片,说服力立马倍增. 可事实一再证明,“有图有真相”的惯性认识,也常常让读者上当,让有关当事人无辜受伤,这误伤率甚至还不算低. 距今不算太久的天津港爆炸事件,便出现了这么一个小插曲.2015年8月中旬,有人在微博上传了一张天津港爆炸事故发布会现场照片,目标对准一名在发布会上打瞌睡的男子.很快,照片上这名男子的行为在网上引起“公愤”,广受网民指责.     

城建照片档案的归档管理

<正>城建声像档案能生动、形象地反映各地区城乡建设发展和变化的面貌,其利用价值较高,除此之外,由于摄影器材及冲印设备与服务的大众化、普及化,数码化使得以照片来记录城市建设活动成为方便之举,极大地丰富了城建档案的内容。一、城建照片档案的构成与来源渠道城建照片档案的来源主要体现在如下几个方面:(1)从有关部门,特别是城市建设管理部门接收的,在城市规划、建设、管理活动中形成的照片档案。(2)向社会征集或接收的照片档案,一种是城建档案馆单独或专门向社会征集有关城建照片档案,如举办城市建设展览。另一种是接收随建设工程竣工档案     

积极参加各类大型图片展览是征集照片档案的有效途径

档案局(馆)积极参与各类具有重大意义活动的照片(图片)展览,既可以加快征集照片档案的步伐,走一条征集照片档案的捷径,又可以征集到主题鲜明、内容丰富、质量可靠并形成系列的照片档案.     

专业媒体如何善用“公民新闻”

媒体正想尽办法让公民成为新闻生产的参与者.2013年1月21日奥巴马就任美国第57届总统,开启了一场新闻报道的盛宴.这种常规式新闻报道是专业媒体的专利,即便如此,媒体也努力把它做得"公民化".图1是华盛顿邮报网刊出的十亿像素的照片(因超出电脑显示屏幕,无法显示照片的全部),此图拼接了奥巴马就职演讲期间13分钟内拍摄的305张照片.但是从图2可以看到,它已经融入了公民的元素.截止北京时间22日中午12时30分,图中已有420位人士被贴了姓名标签,贵宾区多数还有头衔标签.这些标签大多数是网民所为——核心区域的蓝色标签,由报社制作;其它黄色标签,由社交网站Facebook的用户制作,在笔者观察的两个小时内,黄色标签多出了100多个.该图的题目定为《2013就职典礼:探索国会大厦外的场景》(《Inauguration 2013:Explore the scene outside the Capitol》),在说明中强调:用户可以通过放大功能"探索"这张照片的所有细节,找到自己的朋友和官员、贵宾,还可拖拉黄色标签,平移到自己的Facebook帐户中.     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

Slavic Approval Plans: What Works and What Doesn't

ABSTRACT

The paper looks at library approval plans for material published in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian countries from the selector's point of view. Reasons why a selector would or would not want one are examined. Success with approval plans requires monitoring receipts, as well as good and ongoing communication among the selector, the acquistions department, and the vendor. A preliminary list of vendors offering approval plans for the countries of the region appears in the appendix.     

由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变——对武汉科技信息服务平台建设的思考

为进一步提升武汉科技信息共享服务平台使用效率,本文从平台资源建设、资源应用、供需对接方式和供需特点等方面分析了武汉科技信息资源服务现状;基于需求和利用的角度,结合平台管理实践和走访用户、问卷调查等研究方法,从信息资源需求主体和平台自身建设管理两个维度,找出制约科技资源供需对接的主要因素;以市场化和制度化为创新理念,从政策创新、机制创新、市场化服务、环境营造、人才培养等方面提出平台建设由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变的对策建议.     

Periodicals of Ethnic Minorities in Poland

ABSTRACT

The article examines the most important periodicals of ethnic minorities in Poland. After 1989, many ethnic groups (e.g., Germans and Romanies) were allowed to publish journals and newspapers for the first time since the end of World War II. The publications examined show the rich cultural life of the various ethnic groups as well as their current status in Poland. In addition to popular titles, some scholarly publications are also discussed.     

Reference Question Answered: Bibliographic Sources for the Ukrainian Periodical Press in the 1840s: Encyclopedias,Bibliographies, Guides,and Library Catalogs

The author answers a reference question on bibliographic sources for the Ukrainian periodical press 1840–1850. Helpful publications include bibliographies, guides, and library catalogs. These potentially make mention of revolutionary developments in Hungary (such as the Twelve Points paragraph of the Demands of the Hungarian Nation in March 1848, the subsequent April Laws, and Hungary's declaration of independence in April 1949), and elsewhere in the Hapsburg Empire.     

基于文献时间特征的学科主题演化分析方法研究 ——以图书情报学领域为例

在分析文献在不同研究阶段用词时间特征的倾向性基础上,提出一种基于主题模型的研究发展阶段识别方法。重点阐述该方法的构建过程,包括时间特征抽取、发展阶段界定、主题冷热变化分析等步骤。为验证该方法的有效性,针对词频统计法和主题模型方法在主题演化分析中的效果进行比较分析。结果表明,该方法能在识别主题热点和发展趋势的同时,有效地区分不同主题所反映的研究发展阶段。     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

Device-Driven Research: The Impact of Chromebooks in American Schools

Chromebooks and the G Suite group of products, like Google Search, Gmail, and Google Docs, have rapidly expanded in American schools during the past 5 years. The impact of one-to-one Chromebook devices and the pervasive use of Google's software products in American education cannot be overstated. This article explores some of the influences of these products on research, based on the experiences of a librarian and technology coordinator at an elementary education level. The author has several suggestions for effective research with these products in mind.     

Authorship,Gender, and Institutional Affiliation in Library History:

Library historians can learn a great deal from studying the gender of authorship and institutional affiliation of a scholarly journal. The focus of this study is to examine these two aspects of journal production in library history to see who is producing published research in this field. Twenty-three years of Libraries & Culture were chosen as the target volumes. The study reveals that more men than women published in library history as well as locating which institutions were represented. This type of information is usedful to the library historian engaged in the analysis of published scholarship, and more generally to scholars with an interest in patterns of literature production in fields closely related to the social and behavioral sciences.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.