体质弱势青少年体力活动环境的社会生态学研究

目的：应用社会生态学理论，研究我国体质弱势青少年的体力活动环境状况与发展机制。方法：对我国初中、高中和大学阶段的3 769名体质弱势学生（男生1 907人，女生1 862人）进行体力活动环境调查，采用验证性因子分析等方法建立体力活动环境的生态学模型，分析各环境维度的交互关系。结果：体质弱势青少年体力活动环境因素可概括为由5个二阶因子和8个一阶因子所组成的社会生态学模型；二阶因子间整体联动性不理想，"学校环境-人际环境"、"人际环境-个体因素"及"政策环境-学校环境"的路径系数较高，其余路径系数主要在0.7以下；二阶因子得分由高到低依次为学校环境、政策环境、个体因素、人际环境和社区环境。结论：体质弱势青少年体力活动环境机制可采用社会生态学模型加以解释，模型中近端因素对个体的影响高于远端因素，体力活动环境总体不佳，发展不均衡、不充分、不协调的问题较突出，学校环境和政策环境优于社区环境和人际环境。     

国际青少年体力活动及其生态学环境现状述评

以2016年国际体力活动与公共卫生大会上38个国家联合发布的《青少年体力活动报告》为基础,分析全球青少年体力活动水平及其生态学环境现状,介绍部分国家的青少年体力活动干预工作。结果显示:青少年体力活动的整体水平较低,静态生活方式普遍;政策、社区和机构维度的青少年体力活动生态学环境相对较好,但政策和社区维度的干预效果还不明显,青少年体力活动的人际环境还有很大提升空间;上海市青少年体力活动水平较低,香港的青少年体力活动水平及其生态学环境位列全球中等水平。今后还需进一步完善评价指标体系,加强国际交流与合作,以生态学理论为基础健全青少年体力活动的评价与干预机制。     

社会认知理论视角下青少年体力活动影响因素分析

目的以社会认知理论(social cognitive theory,SCT)模型为视角,对青少年体力活动影响因素的文献进行系统性综述和元分析。方法检索国内外数据库,纳入符合要求的18篇文献,采用Stata 15.0软件合并效应量并进行亚组分析。结果①SCT模型总体能中等程度预测体力活动(R2=17%,P<0.01,z=7.59);②对包含自我效能、障碍自我效能、社会支持和社会状态因素在内的文献进行的元分析结果显示,这些因素与体力活动显著相关(N≥75%);③受不同地域、性别和统计方法的影响,研究结果间存在异质性。结论 SCT模型能中等程度预测青少年体力活动;自我效能、障碍自我效能、社会支持、社会状态是预测体力活动的关键指标;受不同地域、性别和文化环境等因素的影响,SCT模型对青少年体力活动的预测结果不同。     

关于促进青少年校内体力活动的干预研究综述

体力活动不足是危害健康的重要因素之一,目前由体力活动不足而引起青少年学生体质下降的问题日益突出。青少年学生每天有近10小时左右在学校中渡过,所以迫切需要提出有效的干预措施促进青少年校内体力活动。研究对通过运用干预手段促进青少年校内体力活动的研究进行了综述,后续研究可以考虑从不同社会支持来源以及学校环境和政策方面对青少年进行多维的干预,以促进其在校期间体力活动。     

青少年体力活动干预新方式——体感游戏对青少年身体活动的影响分析

体感游戏作为体育运动与电子科技的结合产品,对其在青少年体力活动干预方面的研究有重要意义。研究从体力活动的促进、能量消耗、运动康复、社会价值以及心理效应等方面对体感游戏进行分析,发现体感游戏对青少年体力活动有明显促进作用,能满足其锻炼的需求,且对青少年心理健康具有积极地影响,能作为青少年体力活动干预的有效手段之一。     

社会支持对青少年体力活动及锻炼自我效能的影响分析

社会支持可以影响青少年的体力活动,但锻炼自我效能对青少年的体力活动水平并无显著促进作用。通过在舟山本岛的5所初中的2020级初二青少年(N=450)社会支持对青少年体力活动的影响以及对他们锻炼自我效能的作用的调查,青少年受到的家庭支持可以增强青少年的锻炼自我效能,而同伴支持则对体力活动水平有直接促进作用。父母应鼓励青少年积极进行体力活动,青少年自身也应多结伴进行运动。     

聋哑青少年体力活动与社会支持、社会适应能力的相关关系

聋哑青少年的体力活动、社会支持及社会适应能力的特点及相关关系,有助于有效开展聋哑青少年体育教育工作,促进其社会适应方面健康发展具有重要意义.选取福建省三所市级聋哑学校的聋哑生共180名,用国际体力活动问卷、社会支持及社会适应量表进行调查.结果:聋哑青少年体力活动量以低体力活动水平为主,其社会支持和社会适应得分不高;听力等级高低与聋哑青少年体力活动量、社会支持和社会适应得分显著性差异结论:聋哑青少年体力活动与社会支持的三个维度、社会适应之间都呈显著性正相关.     

整合理论视角:父母支持促进青少年体力活动的路径

健康中国战略背景下,提升青少年体力活动水平促进体质健康意义重大。采用父母支持问卷、锻炼行为调节量表和青少年体力活动问卷,对1084名青少年进行抽样调查,运用相关分析、回归分析和结构方程模型探讨父母支持、锻炼动机与体力活动的关系,试图构建父母支持促进青少年体力活动的路径模型。结果表明:1)父母支持能正向预测青少年体力活动;锻炼动机各维度(外部调节除外)能正向预测青少年体力活动;2)锻炼动机各维度对青少年体力活动影响效果不同,体现为自主性动机比控制性动机影响大;3)父母支持通过两条路径影响青少年体力活动,第一条路径是直接影响,第二条路径是通过内部调节动机间接影响,即内部调节动机在父母支持与体力活动之间起中介作用。这启示我们,父母支持水平的提高有助于青少年自主性动机、体力活动水平的提高,父母为青少年创建良好的支持性环境,是提升青少年体力活动的有效路径。     

国外青少年体力活动干预研究综述

本文采用文献资料法对国外青少年体力活动干预研究中的干预现状、测量方法及性别差异干预三个方面进行综述。经过文献总结分析发现,近年来国外青少年体力活动干预研究大多数是通过学校环境、建筑环境、网络手段进行干预,在青少年体力活动的测量方法选择上以加速计测量法为主、呈现出多种测量方法混合使用之趋势,缺乏对青少年体力活动干预性别差异的影响进行更加深入的探讨。在此基础上,对未来青少年体力活动的干预、测量方法、体力活动干预中性别差异的影响提出了展望,以期人们更加全面了解关于青少年体力活动干预的相关问题,同时也为有效改善我国青少年体力活动现状提供相关参考。     

青少年体质、体力活动与心血管疾病发生风险之关系

针对青少年体质水平下降与青少年肥胖发生率不断攀升的现象,青少年体质和健康关系的研究已引起社会高度关注.采用文献综述法,对青少年体质、体力活动与心血管痰病发生风险之关系进行探析.结果显示:青少年体质下降是心血管疾病危险因素"丛集"的重要原因,体力活动干预是提高青少年体质和解决"未来健康问题"的重要途径,但目前体力活动健康促进和运动处方的量化研究刚刚起步,大量实质性的研究工作尚待深入.     

Can Policy Alone Stop Decline of Children and Youth Fitness?

Various models and methods have been proposed to address the worldwide decline in children's and youth's physical fitness, and the social-ecological model has shown some promise. Yet, the impact of the policy intervention, 1 component of that model, has not been evaluated carefully. Using limited data from policy documents, the impact of policy related to children and youth fitness in China was examined, and it was found that the policy alone did not seem to work. Possible reasons are explored, and a call for more policy evaluation research is made.     

SHAPE America’s 50 Million StrongTM: Critical Research Questions Related to Youth Physical Activity

SHAPE America – Society of Health and Physical Educators has targeted youth physical activity (PA) as 1 of its 4 goals within the 50 Million Strong^TM campaign. Only 27.1% of youth met the target of all students (preK–12) participating in at least 60 min of PA that increases their heart rate enough to breathe hard at least some of the time for 7 days/week. Thus, improvements for child and adolescent engagement in PA need to be made now through 2029 and beyond. The need for these improvements warrants research related to PA and youth. We present a plethora of research questions within 3 general areas: PA and school PA programs, PA and sedentary behavior measurement, and PA and social justice imperatives. Each question is framed within the social-ecological framework levels of learning, opportunity, policy, and population health.     

我国城市青少年体质健康生态学模型的构建

以生态学的视角研究分析城市青少年体质健康生态模型的构建问题,从体质健康生态学模型的内涵入手,进一步分析城市青少年体质健康生态学模型原理的运用,并以此为基础,提出构建城市青少年体质健康生态模型的策略,希望能对我国城市青少年体质健康水平的提升提供有益的借鉴。     

新冠疫情背景下青少年体育活动的开展变化与启示

立足于供给主体视角和行为主体视角,对疫情期间青少年体育活动开展变化进行探析。结果表明:从供给视角来看,在政府层面,政府引领下青少年家庭体育成为疫情阻击的精神旗帜;在学校层面,线上教学的弊端显现出体育活动自主实践能力的缺失;在家庭层面,居家隔离锻炼进一步强化体育活动的代际影响;在社会层面,非医疗健康干预下青少年体育需求的供给场域单一。从行为主体视角来看,青少年体育价值观念在新冠疫情下得到重塑,在后疫情时代的短期运动热潮中迎来发展机遇,青少年体育活动存在主观意识与客观参与之间的矛盾。为此提出相应建议:学校体育应增加健身知识和方法内容,促进体育课程由"练"到"学"的转化;提高青少年体育活动的内生性需求和自组织能力,强化体育运动与科技信息的紧密结合;建立青少年体育服务供给的多元场域融合发展模式。     

Testing the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model: Fatness and Fitness as Enabling Factors

As the prevalence of childhood obesity increases, it is important to examine possible differences in psychosocial correlates of physical activity between normal weight and overweight children. The study examined fatness (weight status) and (aerobic) fitness as Enabling factors related to youth physical activity within the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model (YPAP). Youth ages 9–11 years (N = 1,103) completed the Children’s Physical Activity Correlates survey and the Children’s Physical Activity Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among variables. Overweight children reported lower scores on global self-esteem, perceived competence, attraction to physical activity, and parental influence (Cohen’s d ranging from .23 to .45 for girls; Cohen’s d ranging from .31 to .43 for boys). Weight status showed a small positive direct effect on physical activity (standardized path coefficient = .11), but did not show effects on psychosocial correlates (p > .05). Furthermore, aerobic fitness proved to be a stronger Enabling factor (standardized path coefficient = .26) than weight status within the YPAP model. Future research using the YPAP model may extend its utility as an evaluation framework for youth physical activity intervention studies.     

关于提升我国青少年体育素养研究的文献综述

提升我国青少年体育素养是贯彻落实中国学生发展核心素养在体育方面的直接体现,是新时代青少年体育工作和学校体育工作的重要内容和主要目标之一,也是促进青少年学生身心健康全面发展和响应素质教育的重要举措。运用文献资料、逻辑分析、对比分析等方法对中国知网(CNKI)收录的有关青少年体育素养方面的文献进行综述,旨在全面梳理我国青少年体育素养研究的相关成果,并从以往研究中发现提升我国青少年体育素养的具体途径和相关对策,同时也为后续加强青少年体育素养的培育、改善青少年体质健康水平以及提高国民身体素质提供参考和样本。研究表明:当前我国青少年体育素养研究成果集中在青少年体育素养的概念界定、提出的背景、构成要素、培育现状、影响因素、评价指标、青少年体育素养培育的国际经验以及青少年体育素养的促进策略等8个方面。我国青少年体育素养研究的主要特征体现在:在研究内容上集中在概念辨析、要素构成、评价指标以及培育现状及策略上;在研究方法上集中在文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法,实证研究方法偏少;在研究理论上集中在素质教育和马克思主义人的全面发展学说及认知主义理论上。我国青少年体育素养研究的未来展望如下:第一,体系上建立适合我国国情和青少年体育发展的青少年体育素养评价体系;第二,途径上采用多种措施协同发力共同培养青少年的体育素养,国家、社会、学校、家庭责无旁贷;第三,目标上学校体育和体育课程改革必须把培育青少年体育素养放在重要位置和关键环节;第四,效果上全面提升我国青少年体育素养,为社会主义现代化建设者和接班人培养德智体美劳全面发展的可靠人才。     

A Pictorial View of the Physical Activity Socialization of Young Adolescents Outside of School

Childhood obesity prevention has fallen short of anticipated impact. Therefore, intervention programs need to be redirected to other potential settings to increase youth physical activity. This qualitative study, using autodriven interview techniques, was conducted to identify out-of-school settings that youth perceive as important for physical activity. Sixty-six children took photographs involving their physical activity involvement. A subsample completed follow-up focus groups. Salient themes included types of physical activities related to free play, fitness, organized sports, and chores. Most photographs included multiple children of similar age and were taken outdoors. Data suggest children associate chores with physical activity and engage in fitness-related activities. In addition, friends and family, the outdoors, and importantly, the home emerged as natural intervention components that may prove useful towards decreasing the physical inactivity and obesity of youth.     

Program providers’ perspective: Recruitment and retention strategies for women in physical activity programs

This paper examined the perceptions from eight program providers in Victoria, Australia regarding the recruitment and retention of women in physical activity programs. Eight case studies were conducted. Each involved an in-depth interview with a provider of a successful physical activity program for women. Inductive content analysis generated common themes related to key aspects that enable the recruitment or retention of women. Three core themes were identified, namely creating an environment for women to exercise; facilitating involvement; and promoting the program to the community. In this study, we applied the social-ecological model to determine the levels of influence and the opportunities in the core themes to further enable the recruitment and retention of women in physical activity programs. A key conclusion was that links with several related community organisations leads to both the successful recruitment and the enhanced retention of women in physical activity programs.     

A pictorial view of the physical activity socialization of young adolescents outside of school

Childhood obesity prevention has fallen short of anticipated impact. Therefore, intervention programs need to be redirected to other potential settings to increase youth physical activity. This qualitative study, using autodriven interview techniques, was conducted to identify out-of-school settings that youth perceive as important for physical activity. Sixty-six children took photographs involving their physical activity involvement. A subsample completed follow-up focus groups. Salient themes included types of physical activities related to free play, fitness, organized sports, and chores. Most photographs included multiple children of similar age and were taken outdoors. Data suggest children associate chores with physical activity and engage in fitness-related activities. In addition, friends and family, the outdoors, and importantly, the home emerged as natural intervention components that may prove useful towards decreasing the physical inactivity and obesity of youth.