正确认识带球撞人与阻挡犯规

裁判员能否及时准确地判断出带球撞人或阻挡犯规,对于保护进攻队员、鼓励积极防守,使比赛顺利进行起着十分重要的作用。因此,如何正确理解和处理带球撞人和阻挡犯规是裁判员需要认真对待的问题。一、明确攻防队员的技术要求首先要明确带球撞人和阻挡是由于攻防队员在比赛中采用     

规则问答

广东汕头市球迷吴松:关于“阻挡”和“带球撞人”之间的区别,能否予以解答? 答:新规则第四十七条“侵人犯规”中对“阻挡或持球队员带球撞人”情况作出裁决时有如下规定:①防守队员必须面对持球队员并且双脚着地,建立最初的合法防守位置。②防守队员为了保持这个防守位置,他可以保持静止或侧移或后撤。并且只要该侧移或后撤     

裁判员临场中的配合(上)

<正> 一、宣判犯规后两裁判员的配合和换位 40.追踪裁判员宣判犯规后,两裁判员如何配合和移动换位? 一防守队员对正在传球的对方队员犯规,犯规发生在追踪裁判员所管辖的区域里,追踪裁判员鸣哨,并做出伸直臂和握拳的犯规手势(图11)。 当追踪裁判员宣判犯规后,向     

对足球犯规与不正当行为判罚的研究

“犯规与不正当行为”是国际足联制定的《足球竞赛规则》中的重点章节,它是全世界足球裁判员判罚犯规、出示红黄牌、纪律制裁的理论依据,是控制比赛的有利武器。本文通过对2000年欧洲杯足球赛裁判员判罚犯规、红黄牌的使用情况的研究,找出我国裁判员的差距,旨为提高我国裁判员控制比赛的能力提供参考。     

胜一分、胜一局与胜一场

当运动队的比赛行为违背规则时(或其他方式的犯规),裁判员按以下规则进行判断和作出决定。如果两人或更多的犯规先后发生,则只判罚第一个犯规。如果双方队员同时犯规,则判“双方犯     

3怎样判断抢篮板球时队员的侵人犯规

<正> 在篮球比賽中,篮下往往是攻守双方爭夺最激烈的地方,队员密集,移动频繁,动作突然,拼抢凶猛,攻、守变化性大,身体接触多。因此,篮下是犯规最多的地方,是裁判员的重点观察区。如果,裁判员能够判断和处理好篮下的侵人犯规和违例,基本上     

中超联赛裁判员与助理裁判员犯规、越位判罚的行为特征

采用测量法等,对100场中超联赛裁判员与助理裁判员的犯规与越位判罚行为进行研究。结果显示:裁判员与助理裁判员的错判率约为10%;裁判员边路区域的犯规判罚错判率高于中央区域,当裁判员距离犯规地点11~15 m时判罚准确性最高,比赛结束阶段的错判率提升;助理裁判员选位偏好于越位线前,致使更容易错判,高强度跑动状态下的错判例数较少。据此提出相关建议。     

怎样提高判罚犯规的准确性

1 提高识别动作的能力 这是提高判罚犯规准确性的先决条件。正确区分合理动作和犯规行为,是每个裁判员的基本功,也是做好裁判工作的前提。根据当今足球比赛攻防节奏快,拼抢凶狠,身体接触频繁,犯规动作增多的特点,要求裁判员既要对明显的犯规及时判罚,也要对隐蔽的、甚至以假象迷惑观众、欺骗裁判员的犯规,作出及时、准确的判罚,这在高级别的比赛中更为必要。因此,裁判员必须经常了解和研究     

第十四届全运会男子三人制篮球比赛裁判员判罚特征分析

三人制篮球在我国已开展得如火如荼。随着中国三人篮球赛事的增多,比赛中速度、节奏、对抗性显著提高,其观赏性以及激烈程度与日俱增,这些无疑对三人制篮球裁判员有了更高的要求。本文对第14届全运会比赛中裁判员的判罚情况进行统计分析,探讨三人制篮球比赛中的判罚规律和特点,旨在为三人制篮球裁判员提供一定的参考。结果显示：裁判员判罚违例、犯规的时间点集中出现在比赛的前五分钟;追踪裁判员在犯规判罚中明显多于前导裁判员;犯规判罚主要发生在追踪裁判员负责区和共管区;违例判罚主要发生在3区,犯规判罚主要发生在2区和3区;出界违例和拉人犯规是判罚最多的违例、犯规情况;犯规情况最易发生在突破时。     

篮球裁判员选位与移动的研究

篮球裁判员临场工作中的选位与移动，是对比赛进行观察和做出正确判断的前提，是体现裁判员水平和能力的重要方面。根据对七运会篮球比赛中裁判员的观察统计，总结和归纳了跳球时执行裁判与配合裁判的选位与移动；半场攻防时追踪裁判和前导裁判的选位与移动；攻防转移两名裁判员位置、职责变化时的选位与移动；宣判犯规和罚球时两名裁判员的选位与移动。     

竞技体育裁判员受贿行为司法认定与立法规制问题研究

从法律法规视角出发,对全国性的单项体育协会及裁判员身份的法律性质进行了分析;现阶段全国性单项体育协会是非盈利性的社会团体法人,因此受全国性单项体育协会委托从事执裁的裁判员若在比赛期间收受贿赂,并在执裁时故意歪曲规则或违背规则操纵比赛,侵犯各方利益的应追究其法律责任,可以按刑法中规定的公司、企业人员受贿罪论处;同时竞技体...     

Beyond the technical: The role of emotion regulation in lacrosse officiating

Emotions can influence the performance of referees leading to a need to examine emotions experienced, and regulation strategies used by referees. The present study assessed emotions and emotion regulation strategies of 19 referees officiating at an Under-19 Lacrosse World Championship. Using survey methods and focus group interviews, officials responded to five questions: (a) What emotions were experienced? (b) What events elicited emotions? (c) How did lacrosse officials manage their own emotional states prior to, throughout, and following a competitive game? (d) How did officials manage others’ emotional states? (e) What were the perceived consequences of these strategies? Results indicate that emotions fluctuated throughout the tournament as referees encountered intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion-eliciting events. These fluctuations are suggested to come from a progressively diminished capacity for emotion regulation. Participants used emotion regulation strategies that could be classified into Gross’ (1999) families of emotion regulation strategies, often relying on suppression, emotion contagion, and preventative refereeing. Collectively, the results offer new insights into referee emotion regulation at international events.     

雏议篮球运动过人技术(突破)

在CBA联赛中和CNBA联赛中采用1994—1998年新篮球规则,不准打联防只准打盯人,并延用6.25米三分区,这就给中国篮坛注入了新的生机。 为了适应新情况,各队必将在盯人防守和进攻盯人防守、运球、传球、远投上狠下功夫,特别对快速运球过人技术掌握与运用,将是衡量各队水平高低的主要标志之一。为此,本文就运球过人的地位、作用、具体的动作方法及应用中的实际问题,提出些浅见。     

我国越野滑雪裁判员队伍发展现状及培养对策研究

随着越野滑雪裁判队伍的逐渐壮大,我国越野滑雪裁判员在成长过程中也有一些急需解决的问题。以我国越野滑雪裁判员为研究对象,运用文献资料法、专家访谈、调查问卷、数理统计法对越野滑雪裁判员人员结构、年龄结构、文化结构等进行调查研究,找出越野滑雪裁判员不足和需要加强的方面,从而使我国越野滑雪裁判员水平得到提高,为今后发展我国越野滑雪提供人才储备,为我国裁判队伍做好培养工作。     

试论裁判员对足球比赛气氛的控制

就足球场上气氛变化的原因 ,以及气氛遭到破坏的几种情况 ,提出了裁判员合理运用规则 ,控制比赛气氛的途径与方法 ,以利于裁判员控制足球比赛 ,使足球比赛得以公平顺利进行     

Special populations: the referee and assistant referee

The referee has responsibility for control of players' behaviour during competitive football and implementing the rules of the game. To do this, the referee and the two assistant referees are obliged to keep up with play. Referees cover 10,000 m on average during a game, mean heart rate is about 160 - 165 beats . min(-1) and oxygen uptake is close to 80% of maximum (VO(2max). Assistant referees cover approximately 7500 m, mean heart rate is about 140 beats . min(-1) and the corresponding oxygen uptake is 65% VO(2max). Both groups display evidence of fatigue towards the end of the game, a phenomenon that has not been thoroughly examined for nutritional interventions. The estimated energy expenditure of referees during a game exceeds 5600 kJ. Both referees and assistant referees execute unorthodox patterns of movement during match-play that increase energy expenditure over normal locomotion. As high standards of fitness and decision making are expected of professional referees, there are nutritional consequences associated with the training regimes they adopt. The effects of nutritional interventions on cognitive performance during the later stages of a game are in need of further investigation.     

篮球裁判员心理调控探析

篮球裁判员是篮球比赛中的组织者和教育者，裁判员各种不正常的心态表现。会影响比赛在公平、公正和干净环境下顺利进行。这就要求优秀篮球裁判员既要具备良好的职业道德，又要非常熟悉竞赛规则，更要多实践多交流。这样才能有效调控好裁判员心理。提高裁判员业务水平。     

Physical Performance Tests in Job Selection a Model for Empirical Validation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish the net energy cost of dribbling a soccer ball. Eight male footballers ran for 5 min on a treadmill at speeds of 9, 10.5, 12 and 13.5km ·h ^–1 while dribbling a football against a rebound box; running at each of these speeds without the ball constituted controls. Oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O ₂ ), perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate levels were measured and compared between the two conditions. The energy expended increased linearly with speed for both exercise modes, the mean increment of 1.24 kcal·min ^–1 caused by dribbling being independent of the speed of motion. Individual differences in efficiency of dribbling could not be explained by considering different patterns of stride characteristics. Similarly, RPE showed a constant elevation for dribbling over running at each speed, and a linear increase with speed of motion for both modes. Blood lactate increased disproportionately with speed for dribbling, onset of metabolic acidosis being attained at a lower speed for the experimental task. It was concluded that dribbling a ball does significantly increase the energy cost and perceived exertion of motion, as well as inducing disproportionate rises in blood lactate when performed at high speeds.     

运动员赛前心理状态调整的策略

运动员的赛前心理状态对比赛以及最终的成绩具有明显的作用。赛前加强对运动员心理状态的调整,可以有效强化放松心理情绪、积极休息、缓解身体疲劳,使运动员状态恢复到稳定的心理状态。运动员赛前心理状态受环境、裁判、比赛的规模等客观与自身主观因素的制约,赛前心理状态的调整应注意因人而异、区别对待,强化放松的心理情绪、积极休息、缓解身体疲劳等关键环节,采用赛前的适应性训练、封闭训练、自信心强化训练、自我控制与调节等方法,避免不良因素的刺激与情绪波动,以最佳的心理状态参加比赛。     

大冬会运动员礼仪的培养

大冬会是展现世界各国体育后备人才的舞台,也是承办国为运动员、裁判员、教练员及全世界观众展现科学、文明和社会进步的平台。参赛运动员的精神风貌,也是所代表国家文明程度的象征。第24届大冬会将在我国哈尔滨举行,作为东道主的中国运动员,在赛会期间展现文明、讲究礼仪,对于圆满完成赛会任务也是非常重要的。