考虑互惠偏好的团队多主体行为演化研究

基于行为偏好的相关理论,将成员的互惠行为偏好纳入到团队合作过程中,构建了互惠偏好影响下团队成员行为决策的演化博弈模型,研究了成员的互惠偏好程度、产出能力、利润分享系数等因素对行为选择的影响;分析了成员行为选择的演化稳定策略,旨在为厘清成员互惠行为的产生与演化机理,提高团队合作绩效提供理论建议。结果表明选择互惠合作的团队成员比例与成员的互惠努力贡献度和团队利润分享系数成正比;与成员的产出努力贡献度、成员产出努力和互惠努力的冲突系数成反比;成员的互惠偏好程度对成员行为选择存在不确定影响。     

互惠偏好下的多团队系统合作研究

通过植入DK序贯互惠效用函数,就互惠偏好对多团队系统中子团队间合作行为的影响进行了分析.研究发现:互惠偏好对子团队效用函数的形态产生影响.当互惠偏好较大时,生产努力和合作努力均与子团队协同产出正相关;在不存在利润分享的情况下,子团队的最优合作努力与互惠敏感度始终负相关;存在利润分享的情况下,当回报系数较小时,互惠敏感程度和最优合作努力负相关,当回报系数较大时,互惠敏感程度和最优合作努力正相关.     

企业研发团队成员动态报酬体系研究

在总结团队激励相关文献的基础上,研究企业研发团队成员动态报酬激励问题.首先分析研发团队成员报酬影响因素以及员工对报酬的关注点,提出报酬体系设计基本框架;在此基础上将团队成员的工作行为划分为个体任务努力、帮助(拆台)努力以及合作任务努力,并综合考虑员工的风险厌恶程度、公平偏好程度、合作过程形成的隐性监督关系等因素,结合研发工作多阶段多任务的特点,构建研发团队成员动态报酬激励模型,并对模型进行求解与分析,最后提出企业设计研发团队成员报酬体系的建议.     

隐性知识流转网成员合作的共生关系、演化模型及仿真研究

[目的/意义] 隐性知识流转网成员相互依存、彼此合作,构成复杂的共生生态系统,研究为隐性知识流转网形成健康、稳定的成员共生关系提供指导。[方法/过程] 运用种群生态学的共生理论分析了成员间的合作共生关系和共生模式,运用Logistic模型描述了成员知识量的增长规律和演化过程,推演了演化均衡点和稳定条件,并进行了模拟仿真分析。[结果/结论] 研究结果表明：互惠共生是成员合作的最优模式,成员共生演化稳定状态的知识量与成员共生系数和最大知识规模相关,知识自然增长率和初始知识规模影响成员知识增长速度和路径。成员共生系数受到合作效应和竞争效应两方面的影响,成员的知识贡献程度、价值共创水平及知识还原程度对成员双方共生演化稳定状态的知识量有积极正向作用,竞争因素抑制了成员知识量的增长。     

考虑工作能力的团队合作与激励设置动态博弈模型研究

团队合作中,不同成员工作能力不一样并且具有一定可观测性。工作能力影响员工付出努力的边际成本和员工对报酬的预期,从而影响委托人激励设置。构建团队生产两阶段博弈模型,研究成员的均衡努力水平和协作水平以及委托人的最优激励设置。研究发现,团队成员工作能力越高,团队中的合作状态就越好,成员的努力水平和协作水平均会提升;委托人对团队成员的激励设置根据员工工作能力不同有很大区别,对于团队中的高工作能力的成员,委托人以对团队总产出的激励为主,对个人产出几乎不予以激励;而工作能力较低的员工,委托人会通过对其个人产出给予一定的激励来激发其参与团队合作的积极性。     

供需网企业合作创新行为稳定性研究——基于知识溢出的视角

针对供需网企业间合作创新行为稳定性问题,基于知识溢出这一视角,选择供需网企业之间的合作创新行为为研究对象,在有限理性前提下,运用演化博弈理论,构建供需网企业合作创新行为演化博弈模型,在此基础上,探讨供需网企业合作创新行为路径演化轨迹,最后利用数值仿真方法研究影响博弈系统合作稳定性的因素。研究发现,供需网企业合作创新行为的演化与其初始构建的支付矩阵密切相关,也与支付矩阵的初始参数选择有关;知识投入,知识互补程度以及知识溢出系数是影响企业合作演化的重要因素,其中,增大知识投入、增大知识互补程度以及知识溢出系数将会有效的促使供需网企业合作创新行为朝着合作的方向演化。     

准市场组织安排下的项目参与主体间技术合作行为研究

针对经济转型期我国大型复杂项目所特有的准市场组织结构,运用演化博弈理论和方法,系统地探讨项目参与主体基于工程技术服务的合作机制,分析各类技术服务企业合作策略选择的动态演化过程,以及技术合作风险、技术溢出损失等因素,尤其是亲缘利他偏好和非制度惩罚对各类技术服务企业行为选择的影响。研究结果表明,降低合作努力成本、技术合作风险和技术溢出损失,提高合作努力产出和超额收益分配有助于促进技术服务企业在项目实施过程中与业主的技术合作。对经原有企业改制而形成的工程技术服务提供者,基于亲缘联结,增强其亲缘利他效用和信任程度;对于新进入者,适度加大开放和完善工程技术服务市场,增强非制度集体惩罚,可分别起到降低各类技术服务企业对超额收益分配的依赖程度,加强各类技术服务企业与业主合作的作用。     

知识团队成员技术接受行为对创新绩效的影响

很多企业都在使用知识管理系统进行新产品开发,知识团队成员接受并使用知识管理系统成为影响产品创新绩效的重要因素。本文结合用户接受理论和知识管理相关理论,分析哪些因素影响知识团队成员对知识管理系统的接受行为,以及这种行为对产品创新绩效的影响。基于前人研究,本文提出了知识团队成员知识管理系统接受及对NPD绩效影响的概念模型,通过量表开发、问卷设计、数据收集和统计分析,对概念模型中结构变量间的关系假设进行了验证和修正,提出最终的知识管理系统用户接受及其对NPD绩效影响的模型。研究结果表明:绩效期望、努力期望、互惠关系和管理者支持对用户接受知识管理系统的行为有正向影响;组织奖励对用户接受知识管理系统的行为有负向影响;而知识团队成员使用知识管理系统的行为对新产品开发绩效有正向影响。     

Evolutionary Game Analysis on University Research Team＇s Creativity Based on Routine

团队合作所产生的创造力已经成为科技领域的主要发展动力和创新模式。随着团队运作的不断成熟,团队知识创造行为会局限于已形成的惯例、程序和观念,限制了成员创新行为的选择,产生团队核心刚性,导致团队创造力的下降。针对这一现实问题,基于惯例视角,运用演化博弈理论研究团队创造力的演化过程以及演化稳定策略,探讨有利于合作知识创造的成本、收益分配机制以及监督与惩罚机制,并通过数值分析证明了结论的正确性。最后根据研究结论对高校科研团队创造力的有序和持续演化提出了理论建议。     

基于惯例视角的高校科研团队创造力演化博弈分析

团队合作所产生的创造力已经成为科技领域的主要发展动力和创新模式。随着团队运作的不断成熟,团队知识创造行为会局限于已形成的惯例、程序和观念,限制了成员创新行为的选择,产生团队核心刚性,导致团队创造力的下降。针对这一现实问题,基于惯例视角,运用演化博弈理论研究团队创造力的演化过程以及演化稳定策略,探讨有利于合作知识创造的成本、收益分配机制以及监督与惩罚机制,并通过数值分析证明了结论的正确性。最后根据研究结论对高校科研团队创造力的有序和持续演化提出了理论建议。     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.