隋盛胜四号位扣球起跳技术足底压力分布与传导的力学特征研究

运用鞋垫式足底压力测试系统,对前中国男排主攻队员隋盛胜四号位扣球起跳技术的足底压力参数进行了采集和分析。结果表明：右腿贡献大于左腿;右足后区首先着地,之后由足中区过渡到足前区。左足后区首先着地,之后依次是足前区和足中区,足后区、足前区和足中区的着地时间均相差2ms;蹬伸到离地阶段,左、右足均有内旋动作;左、右足的最大压力峰值和平均压力按从大到小的顺序均出现在足前区、足后区和足中区。     

基于足底压力的羽毛球运动足部受力特征研究

分析羽毛球常用步法的足底压力特征,为减少羽毛球运动中下肢损伤(特别是足部损伤)提供建议,并希望成为羽毛球鞋具设计的依据。利用足底压力测试系统对高水平羽毛球运动员左前场蹬跨步、右前场蹬跨步、一步蹬转起跳等常用步法动作进行测试。结果发现3种步法在离地阶段,足前区的内侧跖骨区以及大拇趾和第1、2跖骨区的最大压力均高于其他部位(P<0.05);着地阶段,蹬跨步是把足底压力集中于脚后跟和足外侧进行缓冲制动,蹬转起跳步则把压力集中于大拇趾以及第1、2跖骨区(P<0.05)。由此可见,羽毛球运动员应注意在采用不同步法时,足前区和足跟区中部及足外侧的负荷变化,并尽可能地选择穿着能够分散上述区域压力的专项鞋来避免足部受力的过度集中。     

高水平女子羽毛球运动员下肢力量特征研究

通过对13名高水平女子羽毛球运动员进行下肢等速肌力测试,以及静态、行走、跑步、起跳、正反手跨弓步共5种运动状态的足底压力分析,发现:女子羽毛球运动员下肢肌群力量双侧较为均衡,髋部内收肌群、屈膝肌群、膝部内旋肌群、踝内旋肌群随运动速度加快而贡献程度不断增加;常速行走时左侧下肢用力自动化过程较敏感,双腿反向纵跳(CMJ)落地时右侧下肢承担了主要的缓冲负荷,单腿CMJ落地时左侧下肢离心负荷较右侧更大;反手区域步法受力高于正手区域,反手区域步法更多是足跟部受力,正手区域步法更多是足前部受力,限制下肢旋内运动的肌群均能影响常见步法的足内侧足底受力。     

体育舞蹈专业女大学生足底压力分布特征研究

目的:探讨分析体育舞蹈专业女大学生足底压力的分布特征,为参加体育舞蹈训练的普通大学生和体育舞蹈专业学生提供数据参考。方法:采用footscan USB足底压力平板测试系统对8名普通女大学生和8名体育舞蹈专业女大学生进行正常行走、伦巴走步的足底压力测试。结果:裸足正常行走过程中,体育舞蹈专业和普通女大学生在足底各分区压力分布基本一致,无显著性差异;普通女大学生在第2-5趾、第1跖骨、第2跖骨、第5跖骨、足中部区域左、右差异有统计学意义,而体育舞蹈专业女大学生除了在第1趾存在差异外,左右足无显著性差异;体育舞蹈专业大学生在伦巴走步过程中,压力中心轨迹与正常行走时有很大差异。这种差异在足底各分区压力-时间积分中表现为,左右脚的脚前掌、足中部压力-时间积分变大,足跟部位压力-时间积分明显变小,且与正常行走相比有显著性差异,做舞蹈动作时,压力主要集中于脚前掌和足弓部位。结论:体育舞蹈专业女大学生在做舞蹈动作时,压力主要集中于脚前掌和足中部,且外侧跖骨受力显著。参加体育舞蹈训练时必须穿着适当高度、适当硬度的舞蹈鞋来缓解脚前掌和足中部的压力。     

女子速度轮滑双推技术足底压力分布及传递特征分析

以女子专业轮滑运动员为研究对象，运用足底压力分布测试系统，收集不同速度滑行过程中的足底动力学参数。目的是揭示速度轮滑双推技术的特征．为正确理解速度轮滑双推技术动作，寻找更先进、省力的轮滑技术提供科学依据。结论：在一个单步滑行中，随着滑行速度的增加，足底压力中心的变化轨迹在x、y轴的位移变化幅度减小，快速滑行中双推技术更有利于保持身体平衡；最大峰值压力主要出现在足跟区或第一跖趾关节区，最大峰值压力区也是压力变化率最大区域；足底压力分布特征与技术动作具有一致性；足底压力随时间变化是影响速度轮滑蹬动效果的主要因素。     

新形势下乒乓球教学中的步法训练

乒乓球运动的特点决定了乒乓球步法训练的重要性。步法是乒乓球技术的灵魂,它直接影响每个乒乓球技术动作结构的完整性,对运动员的训练效果和比赛成绩都有着至关重要的作用。本文主要采用文献资料法,以文献综述的形式概括了乒乓球教学中的步法训练,并发表了自己的一些浅见,以更好地指导乒乓球运动员的步法训练,有效提高乒乓球运动员的技术水平和比赛成绩。     

优秀男子蹦床运动员基本技术动作的足底压力分布特征

以上海市蹦床队5名一线男子运动员为研究对象,通过视频与足底压力同步测试的研究方法,对蹦床运动员的预跳和5个基本的技术动作进行测试,研究男子蹦床运动员在完成不同基本技术动作过程中足底压力的分布的特征及足底压力分布的一般规律。为蹦床运动员进行科学训练提供理论依据,为蹦床运动员运动技术诊断提供客观指标。研究结论：运动员完成不同基本技术动作足底压力分布特征规律相同,足底压力合力变化、压强峰值分布和压力中心变化无显著性差异。触网起跳过程双足压力合力呈单峰曲线网面达最低点时双足压力合力最大,双足压力合力最大值可达体重的3.04倍。压强峰值表现为双足第五趾骨区较高。运动员在起网蹬伸阶段双足呈现出压力中心偏移现象,与运动员起跳过程中双足用力不均有关。     

辽宁男排运动员扣球起跳技术足底压力特征研究

运用测力鞋垫系统,对辽宁男排运动员扣球起跳技术进行了测试,探索排球扣球起跳技术的足底力学特征,为提高排球运动员扣球起跳高度和下肢专项力量训练提供理论依据和指导.研究结果表明,右足的贡献大于左足.右腿有一个明显的支撑—缓冲—蹬伸的过程.右足各区域的着地时序是足后区—足中区—足前区,左足各区域几乎是同时着地.蹬伸阶段左、右足均有外翻现象.     

乒乓球步法的生物力学研究现状

进入21世纪以来,随着各种打法技术风格的交汇融合,乒乓球比赛的对抗性越来越强,球的回合越来越多,对运动员的移动范围、方向等技术要求也更加细化,使得运动员的步法已成为决定比赛结果的主要因素之一。步法作为此项运动的生命,其对整个击球动作的完成以及对完成动作的合理性、有效性、科学性都有着至关重要的作用。但是国内外学者对乒乓球步法技术的研究并未深入到乒乓球步法下肢动作技术的内在规律,更多的是对乒乓球步法从教学和训练方法上,凭借经验进行不断的探索和改进。     

穿着两种不同鞋行走时足底特征对比分析

测试相同人群穿跑鞋和板鞋行走时足底压力、压强及冲量特征,结合运动学采集分析不同速度行走时人体下肢的运动学和足底力学特征,结果显示:穿慢跑鞋和穿板鞋相比,第一趾骨与第二跖骨及足跟区存在非常显著差异;行走过程中这两个区域足底平均压力峰值板鞋组显著大于慢跑鞋组(P＜0.05).慢跑鞋较板鞋表现出跖骨区压力小、足中部压力大、足跟区压力小,均存在显著差异(P＜0.05).以期为健步走人群不同速度行走时提供可行性建议.     

Selected plantar pressure characteristics associated with the skating performance of national in-line speed skaters

In order to help coaches analyse the techniques of professional in-line speed skaters for making the required fine adjustments and corrections in their push-off work, this study analysed the specific plantar pressure characteristics during a 300-m time-trial test. Fourteen elite in-line speed skaters from the national team were recruited in this study. The total completion time of the 300-m time-trial test, duration of each skating phase, and plantar pressure distribution were measured. The correlation between plantar pressure distribution and skating performance was assessed using Pearson correlation analyses. The results showed that the contact time of the total foot and force–time integral (FTI) in the medial forefoot were significantly correlated with the duration of the start phase, and the FTIs in the medial forefoot of the gliding (left) leg and lateral forefoot of the pushing (right) leg were significantly correlated with the duration of the turning phase. The maximum force in the medial heel, medial forefoot, and median forefoot and the FTI in the medial heel and medial forefoot were significantly correlated with the duration of the linear acceleration phase. The results suggest that a correct plantar loading area and push-off strategy can enhance the skating performance.     

Stresses in the plantar region for long- and short-range throws in women basketball players

Abstract

This study aimed to assess plantar pressure pattern modifications caused by short- and long-distance shots in women basketball players. To this end, 24 experienced national- and regional-level basketball players performed 3 trials of 4 technical gestures (free throw, jump stop shot, three-point shot and lay-up) barefoot on a pressure platform placed in fixed positions on the court. Raw data were processed to calculate location and magnitude of pressure peaks in three sub-regions (forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot), and the increase ratio was calculated relative to plantar pressure measured during a static bipedal and unipedal upright stance. The results showed significant increases (p<0.001) in plantar pressure peaks in forefoot (but not midfoot and rearfoot) for all the gestures that involved the use of both legs. Particularly large increases were detected for the three-point shot. All three sub-regions underwent significant changes of the pressure peak in the case of lay-up (forefoot and rearfoot: p<0.001, midfoot: p=0.002). The high levels of contact stress detected for routinely performed technical gestures suggest that a detailed knowledge of changes in the physiological patterns of plantar stresses that take place during play is crucial in reducing the risk of foot injuries and establishing proper training and rehabilitation protocols.     

Changes in running mechanics using conventional shoelace versus elastic shoe cover

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the perceived comfort, plantar pressure, and rearfoot motion between laced running shoes and elastic-covered running shoes. Fifteen male amateur runners participated in the study. Each participant was assigned laced running shoes and elastic-covered running shoes for use during the study. The perceived comfort, plantar loading, and rearfoot motion control of each type of shoes during running were recorded. When the laced running shoes and elastic-covered running shoes were compared, the elastic-covered running shoes were given a lower perceived comfort rating in terms of shoe length, width, heel cup fitting, and forefoot cushioning. The elastic-covered running shoes also recorded higher peak plantar pressure in the lateral side of the forefoot, as well as larger maximum rearfoot pronation. Overall, shoelaces can help runners obtain better foot-shoe fit. They increase the perceived comfort, and decrease the maximum pronation and plantar pressure. Moreover, shoelaces may help prevent injury in running by allowing better control of the aforementioned factors.     

马林、王皓、金择洙、蒋澎龙前3板步法组合类型的比较研究--字母标记法的改进与运用

从国际乒乓球大赛中精选战例,采用改进字母标记法,首次从步序的角度对各类步法中两脚落地的先后顺序实行标记,并对世界优秀男子直拍反胶打法运动员步法组合类型的运用进行系统比较研究。本文提出了4人前3板步法组合建构基本模型及共、个性组合类型,系统地阐示了步法与落点之间、步法与手法之间的对应关系,展现了世界优秀乒乓球运动员快速灵活、简洁有序的步法特点。     

排球运动员步态支撑期的足底压力特征

通过测试得到排球运动员步态中足底压力的主要特征,并比较膝关节损伤运动员与无膝关节损伤运动员的足底压力特征,尝试分析膝关节损伤对足底压力产生的变化,为排球运动员正常步态数据提供可信的参考标准。选取北京体育大学竞技体育学院排球专项学生共48人(26男、22女)作为研究对象。运用FOOTSCAN足底压力分布测量系统和QUALISYS-MCU500红外运动测试系统的6个摄像头采集足底压力及步态基本运动学参数,测量被试者赤足状态下的步态。要求被试者以自己正常的步速行走,左右脚分别测试3次。将足部分为10个解剖分区:第L趾骨(T1)、第2-5趾骨(T2-T5)、第1跖骨(M1)、第2跖骨(M2)、第3跖骨(M3)、第4跖骨(M4)、第5跖骨(M5)、足中部(MF)、足跟内侧(HM)和足跟外侧(HL)。选取各个分区的接触开始时刻、接触结束时刻、最大压强时刻、接触时间作为时间指标。根据足底压力数据,男女排球运动员在步态支撑时期不同阶段的比例分别为:着地阶段(6.2%男,6.4%女)、前足接触阶段(5.5%男,6.6%女)、整足接触阶段(43.44%男,40.4%女)、离地阶段(42.9%男,46.5%女)。膝关节损伤运动员受伤腿足中部足底压强峰值明显低于未受伤腿。     

Can subjective comfort be used as a measure of plantar pressure in football boots?

Comfort has been shown to be the most desired football boot feature by players. Previous studies have shown discomfort to be related to increased plantar pressures for running shoes which, in some foot regions, has been suggested to be a causative factor in overuse injuries. This study examined the correlation between subjective comfort data and objective plantar pressure for football boots during football-specific drills. Eight male university football players were tested. Plantar pressure data were collected during four football-specific movements for each of three different football boots. The global and local peak pressures based on a nine-sectioned foot map were compared to subjective comfort measures recorded using a visual analogue scale for global discomfort and a discomfort foot map for local discomfort. A weak (r_s = ?0.126) yet significant (P < 0.05) correlation was shown between the peak plantar pressure experienced and the visual analogue scale rated comfort. The model only significantly predicted (P > 0.001) the outcome for two (medial and lateral forefoot) of the nine foot regions. Subjective comfort data is therefore not a reliable measure of increased plantar pressures for any foot region. The use of plantar pressure measures is therefore needed to optimise injury prevention when designing studded footwear.     

Foot loading characteristics during three fencing-specific movements

Plantar pressure characteristics during fencing movements may provide more specific information about the influence of foot loading on overload injury patterns. Twenty-nine experienced fencers participated in the study. Three fencing-specific movements (lunge, advance, retreat) and normal running were performed with three different shoe models: Ballestra (Nike, USA), Adistar Fencing Lo (Adidas, Germany), and the fencers' own shoes. The Pedar system (Novel, Munich, Germany) was used to collect plantar pressures at 50 Hz. Peak pressures, force-time integrals and contact times for five foot regions were compared between four athletic tasks in the lunge leg and supporting leg. Plantar pressure analysis revealed characteristic pressure distribution patterns for the fencing movements. For the lunge leg, during the lunge and advance movements the heel is predominantly loaded; during retreat, it is the hallux. For the supporting leg, during the lunge and advance movements the forefoot is predominantly loaded; during retreat, it is the hallux. Fencing-specific movements load the plantar surface in a distinct way compared with running. An effective cushioning in the heel and hallux region would help to minimize foot loading during fencing-specific movements.     

Basketball lay-up – foot loading characteristics and the number of trials necessary to obtain stable plantar pressure variables

This study aimed (1) to profile the plantar loading characteristics when performing the basketball lay-up in a realistic setting and (2) to determine the number of trials necessary to establish a stable mean for plantar loading variables during the lay-up. Thirteen university male basketball players [age: 23.0 (1.4) years, height: 1.75 (0.05) m, mass: 68.4 (8.6) kg] performed ten successful basketball lay-ups from a stationary position. Plantar loading variables were recorded using the Novel Pedar-X in-shoe system. Loading variables including peak force, peak pressure, and pressure–time integral were extracted from eight foot regions. Performance stability of plantar loading variables during the take-off and landing steps were assessed using the sequential averaging technique and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). High plantar loadings were experienced at the heel during the take-off steps, and both the heel and forefoot regions upon landing. The sequential estimation technique revealed a five–eight trial range to achieve a stable mean across all plantar loading variables, whereas ICC analysis was insensitive to inter-trial differences of repeated lay-up performances. Future studies and performance evaluation protocols on plantar loading during basketball lay-ups should include at least eight trials to ensure that the measurements obtained are sufficiently stable.