校舍安全何以保障?

"5·12"汶川大地震中,中小学幼儿园校舍大面积垮塌导致数以千计学生死亡的悲剧引发社会各界对学校校舍安全的关注。本文首先从法律规章制度体系、财政供给体制、审批程序及质量监理三个方面分析了我国学校校舍建设尤其是地震安全保障的体制性缺陷;然后介绍了美国加州《非尔德法案》及相关法案体系对保证学校校舍地震安全的成功经验,尤其是强调了州建筑师处和州拨款委员会的重要作用;最后提出构建我国学校校舍建设地震安全保障体系的体制性建议——颁布一部专门的《学校地震安全法》,授权一个专业的省一级机构专司校舍建设质量以及组建一个持久的校舍建设财政保障机构。     

校舍及设施设备致害学生的法律思考

学校校舍及设施设备是否安全,直接关系到师生的身体健康、生命安全和教学效果,关系到社会的稳定.可以说学校客观环境的安全是学校安全工作的头等大事,是学校进行教育教学活动的前提和基础.然而令人担忧的是,近年来学校校舍及设施设备不安全却成为学生伤害事故的首要因素,占全部学生伤害事故的近一半.为此,本文拟从法律角度对学校校舍及设施设备致害学生进行分析、总结,探究解决问题的对策,努力避免和减少学生伤害事故的发生.     

校舍及设施设备致害学生的法律思考

学校校舍及设施设备是否安全,直接关系到师生的身体健康、生命安全和教学效果,关系到社会的稳定。可以说学校客观环境的安全是学校安全工作的头等大事,是学校进行教育教学活动的前提和基础。然而令人担忧的是,近年来学校校舍及设施设备不安全却成为学生伤害事故的首要因素,占全部学生伤害事故的近一半。为此,本文拟从法律角度对学校校舍及设施设备致害学生进行分析、总结,探究解决问题的对策,努力避免和减少学生伤害事故的发生。一、校舍及设施设备不安全致害学生的法律思考校舍及设施设备不安全致害学生的刑事案件主要有两种,即工程重大安…     

学校校舍安全状况及其对策研究

四川汶川大地震后,中小学校舍安全问题再次成为社会各界关注的热点.文章从日照市校舍安全现状入手,分析了校舍安全存在的问题和困难,对今后加强中小学校舍安全工作提出了对策.     

美国公立学校校舍问题初探

最近,美国教师联合会出台了一项关于校舍问题的报告.报告的名称为<心灵的塑造与学校建筑有关:把"崩溃"的校舍转变成适于学习的环境>(Building minds,Minding buildings-Turning crumbling schOOI into environments for learning).该报告集中讨论了以下问题:美国公立学校校舍不足、不健康和不安全的问题;恶劣的校舍环境对学生学习、师生健康和教师流动产生的后果;构成良好设计、建设和容易维护的校舍的要素;对各个层面改进校舍的行动建议.     

在宁夏回族自治区中小学校舍安全工程工作会议上的讲话

非常高兴参加宁夏中小学校舍安全工程工作会议。自治区政府召开这个会议,并与各市、县（区）人民政府签订校舍安全建设责任书,充分体现了自治区政府对中小学校舍安全工作的重视,表明了实施好校舍安全工程的决心。     

对汶川地震后我国中小学校舍安全政策的追踪研究

汶川地震后,笔者认真研究了改革开放三十年来我国的中小学校舍安全政策,并发表了研究文章。汶川地震已经过去两年多了,此次笔者又对汶川地震后我国中小学校舍安全政策的变化进行了追踪研究。研究发现中小学校舍安全政策有了新的进步:第一,政策理念:站在尊重生命和社会和谐的高度来看待校舍安全问题。第二,政策目标:明确提出了"综合防灾能力"的概念。第三,政策对象:体现公平,不再差别对待。第四,政策保障:组织有力,创新制度。但是校舍安全政策也面临严峻挑战:第一,信息不对称仍然是校舍安全政策进步的最大障碍。第二,校舍安全事故仍然时有发生。第三,"全国中小学校舍安全工程"之后,校舍安全政策将走向何方。面对挑战,笔者提出如下政策建议:第一,进一步加强校舍安全相关信息公开。第二,继续加大惩处力度。第三,推广地方上已见成效的先进经验。第四,建立保障校舍安全的长效机制。     

郧县为中小学校舍建立安全档案

日前,郧县中小学校舍安全排查专班冒着酷暑,为全县中小学校舍建立了安全档案。 据了解,国家将从2009年起,用三年时间实施中小学校舍安全工程,并建立健全工程质量与资金管理责任追究制度,目的是全面提高校舍的综合防灾能力。     

北京：十九所城区名校分校明年将开进京郊区县

国务院成立全国中小学校舍安全工程领导小组,将统一领导和部署中小学校舍安全工程建设。目前一些地区中小学校舍C级D级危房仍较多,“校舍安全工程”将全面改善中小学校舍安全状况。并在实施过程中在全国建立起中小学校舍安全档案。     

领导重视 政策支持 扎实推进

校舍安全关系到民生稳定,关系到教育事业发展,关系到构建和谐社会,基于这种认识,我们把推进校舍安全工程视为头等大事,认真加以落实,确保了全县校舍安全工程扎实有效推进.     

明清时期亳州城内的官学建筑

亳州旧志中收录了许多关于当地教育的碑刻文献,其中部分文字详细记载了明清时期亳州城内官学建筑的创始、修葺、改建等情况,通过这些碑刻文字,可以清晰地了解到,明清时期亳州城内官学建筑不仅规模宏大,而且规制也较为完备,形成了由学宫、文庙、书院等组成的庞大官学建筑群,这对深入探讨当地教育和城市变迁史具有重要意义。     

Climate as artefact between 1830 and 1930: a transnational construction of the Swiss school building

This paper explains how heating and ventilation systems as technical artefacts shaped the historical meaning of Swiss school buildings between 1830 and 1930 by analysing official and legal documents, sources regarding the World Exhibitions, and minutes at the Zurich cantonal and city archives. It exposes the theoretical assumptions of heating and ventilation systems as historical artefacts and their relevance for the history of education. It analyses the first legislation on school buildings in Switzerland as an engine and product of modern schooling. It examines the construction of the ‘good schoolhouse’ in the context of the World Exhibitions. It traces how both the school regulations and knowledge transfer are reflected in construction processes of local school buildings in the Canton of Zurich. Finally, it synthesises the previous discussions to explain the historical meaning of the school building in Switzerland creating national identity and cosmopolitanism at the same time.     

外来文化影响下的山西大学堂建筑

山西大学堂以其融合中西、取法英国的办学模式,形成了山西近代高等学校建筑独特的校园规划和建筑风格,为进一步深化山西省近代学校建筑的研究提供基础资料。     

论中小学校体育伤害事故及预防

中小学安全工作是确保中小学健康成长,实施科教兴国战略的首要前提和重要保证。分析校内发生体育伤害事故的法律责任,明确学校与在校学生的关系及学校担负的法律责任。使学校安全工作遵循"预防为主、防治结合、加强教育、群防群治"的方针,做到安全教育制度化、经常化、科学化,确保学生能在安全的环境快乐健康地成长。     

Schools for the twenty‐first century: School design and educational transformation

The Building Schools for the Future programme has been established to ensure that English secondary schools are designed or redesigned to allow for educational transformation. The programme represents the biggest single UK government investment in school buildings for over 50 years. For this reason, it poses a major challenge to those involved in the design of educational buildings. Inspiration is in part sought from exemplar schools around the world. The paper draws on a multiple case study of four such exemplar schools in Scandinavia that have been designed to address changes in the educational curriculum. The analysis depicts the degree to which the building design in each case supports the school approach to teaching and learning. The disjuncture between commercial and educational issues inherent in designing ‘good’ schools is highlighted. The findings show how it is important to find a balance between good design, commercial realities and educational approaches.     

校园建筑防震的法律规定及实施：台湾和加州的经验

在汶川大地震中,教育系统内师生伤亡极为惨重.校园建筑的建设质量和防震标准成为社会各界关注的焦点.由此,本文探讨了环太平洋地震带上的美国加州和中国台湾关于校园建筑防震标准的法律规定及其具体细则,并且梳理了大陆中小学建筑防震的政策法规,最后提出了完善大陆中小学校建筑防震标准的建构原则及方法.     

小学语文教学中学生阅读驱动力的培养

语文,就像是挂在天上的月亮一样,给人们带来静谧的月光,让人们感受到了神秘的氛围,只有不断观察它,走进它,你才有可能挖掘出它背后的秘密。小学生学习语文,不仅是学业的要求,还是自身发展的需要,是学生筑建自己的学习大厦的基础。阅读,作为语文的重要组成部分,更是学生探索的主要方向。小学语文教师培养学生的阅读驱动力,围绕生活、情境、问题、合作、实践展开,能够加快学生对阅读的探索步伐。     

台州市中小学旧校舍加固措施探讨

台州市中小学旧校舍的加固,既要满足水平方向抗震和抗台承载力又要防止台风导致的水患。加固工作中,一方面要加强结构承载力,即按新规范要求采用抗震加固通用方法进行加固,如采用无横墙支撑的砖柱、受力空斗墙和不符合抗震抗台要求的预制楼板接缝等加固措施;另一方面要防止台风导致的水患,如采用水毁构件进行表面清理、维护和加固。后期使用表明,上述措施是可行的,保证了本市中小学旧校舍的使用安全。     

The impact of ability group placement decisions on the equality of educational opportunity in desegregated elementary schools

The academic placement decisions of school personnel in desegregated elementary schools is assessed. Placement decisions involving labeling, classifying, and differential assignment policies are often related to the student's racial background. Students are often misclassified and misplaced because of inappropriate evaluation procedures and arbitrary decisions made by school personnel. Such assignment policies have led to high levels of classroom and program resegregation once districts and school buildings have been desegregated.Differential placement, often referred to as ability grouping, must be discontinued as it is currently practiced. Low teacher expectations, differential curricula, and low student achievement are often associated with differential placement decisions in desegregated elementary schools.     

Diversifying Schools and Leveraging School Improvement: a Comparative Analysis of The English Radical,and Singapore Conservative,Specialist Schools' Policies

ABSTRACT

Within the context of fierce global economic competition, school diversification and specialist schools have been seen by governments as cornerstones of education policy to engineer school improvement in both England and Singapore for more than a decade. In both systems, the policy has manifested in different school types, school names and sometimes buildings – in England, specialist status schools, academies and most recently free schools; and in Singapore, specialist schools and niche schools. Diversification is promoted by each school emphasising distinctiveness in its curriculum – often with implications for its funding and degree of autonomy – which differentiate it from others. There is normally the intention to scale-up curricular innovations school-wide. The paper addresses three aims in respect to both countries: first, it profiles the evolution of specialist schools' policies in both states in relation to school improvement and secondly, social justice; thirdly, it undertakes a comparative policy analysis in order to draw conclusions as to how the relationship between central government and schools has re-configured in both countries – arguing that the policy in England is radical, that in Singapore, conservative.