科学交流中的信任问题研究系统综述

采用系统综述方法对56篇关于科学交流信任研究的文献进行分析整合.首先从期刊发表状况、作者情况、研究主题和学科、研究方法4个方面分析研究现状,其次总结科学交流中的信任来源于人际信任和系统信任,然后分析信任在科学交流中的决定作用、引导作用和激励作用,最后提出由信任发生机制及其影响因素和信任的作用机理构成的科学交流信任问题的研究框架.     

传媒与政治信任之关系的研究现状及展望

国外对于传媒与政治信任的关系有不少重要的研究,其研究的焦点集中在传媒是否对公众的政治信任有负面影响上,不少学者持"媒体抑郁论"的观点。但这种观点不断被检验,研究者发现不同传媒变量对不同层次政治信任的影响各不相同。国内在传媒与政治信任方面的研究比较缺乏。该领域的研究可以考虑综合运用质化、量化的研究方法、关注新媒体与政治信任之关系,以及探讨中国传媒与政治信任的关系。     

信任度计算与信任传递协议设计的研究

在前人研究的基础上,提出适合网络环境的实体间信任度的计算方法,该方法考虑到信任关系动态变化的属性,着重于信任度的动态更新计算策略。同时基于改进的信任模型设计出一套信任传递协议,该协议用XML标记语言来表示消息。     

移动社交网络用户对产品推荐信息反应意愿研究

[目的/意义]研究移动社交网络情境中用户与联系人关系、用户感知联系人行为如何影响用户对产品推荐信息反应意愿,并就研究结果提出管理对策。[方法/过程]通过手机微信平台收集的316份有效问卷,运用偏最小二乘回归法对数据进行分析。[结果/结论]结果表明：对联系人推荐的认知信任和情感信任正向影响用户对产品推荐信息反应意愿;亲密度和过去经历正向影响联系人推荐的认知信任和情感信任;过度发布行为负向影响联系人推荐的认知信任和情感信任。但是,相似性与对联系人推荐的认知信任和情感信任之间关系未获得支持。     

媒介使用、媒介依赖对信任评价的影响——基于不同媒介的比较研究

信任是社会秩序建立的基础,其主要形态包括人际信任、社会信任和政治信任。大众传播媒介对信任的各种形态都具有不同程度的影响,以往关于媒介使用与政治信任、社会信任的影响关系的研究多有涉及。研究通过问卷调查,试图探究报纸、电视、网络、手机等不同媒介使用和媒介依赖与信任评价内在影响关系。研究发现,就信任评价而言,较之社会信任、政治信任,人际信任目前依然在中国社会信任中占据主要位置;就媒介使用与信任评价而言,无论是对人际信任、社会信任还是政治信任评价,网络、手机等新媒体对信任评价的影响远高于作为传统媒介的电视与报纸;但就媒介依赖而言,报纸、电视、网络、手机媒介依赖与人际信任、社会信任变量各指标无显著相关,但是与政治信任呈显著相关。此外,对于人际信任和社会信任评价,媒介使用各变量对信任评价的预测力超过媒介依赖变量对信任评价的预测力;而对于政治信任评价,媒介依赖各变量对信任评价的预测力远超于媒介使用。     

信任视角下数据智能与专家知识的对比实证研究

[目的/意义]从信任视角对比用户对数据智能与专家知识的感知,有助于了解用户当前对这两类典型的决策信息源的信任状态及差异,进而为数据智能的深化应用、数据智能与专家知识的有效融合提供建议。[方法/过程]基于信任的经典二维度划分,即认知信任和情感信任,设计包含两对、四个潜在变量的测量量表。采用问卷调查法,获取342份有效样本,利用描述性统计和配对样本t-检验方法进行数据分析。[结果/结论]研究发现,用户对数据智能的认知信任显著高于专家知识,而对数据智能的情感信任显著低于专家知识。     

互联网使用、公共事件关注度、信息公开评价与政府信任度研究北大核心CSSCI

本文以上海市高校学生群体为研究对象,采用问卷调查方法,从互联网使用时长、信息获取网络平台、公共事件关注度、信息公开评价四个层面对高校学生的政府信任度的影响进行考量,探寻公共事件关注度及公共事件中政府信息公开程度与政府信任的关系。研究结果表明,互联网日均使用时长与高校学生政府信任评价呈显著负相关;对公共事件的关注程度与政府信任呈显著正相关;信息获取网络平台对政府信任评价无显著影响;对所在地政府在公共事件中对事件的"缓报瞒报"程度评价与政府信任评价呈显著负相关。     

E-health情境下初始信任的信息来源构建:兼与E-commerce情境的比较

[目的/意义]探索在电子医疗情境下用户构建初始信任的关键动因,从信任的信息来源视角比较电子医疗情境与电子商务情境下用户建立初始信任的路径差异,为互联网医疗服务提供商优化平台建设、提升用户满意度提供借鉴和参考。[方法/过程]采用问卷调查法收集数据,利用偏最小二乘结构方程模型方法验证假设和概念模型。[结果/结论]研究发现,与网下信任来源有关的医院信誉、朋友推荐和个人健康状况对形成初始信任具有显著影响,而与网上信任来源有关的如来自第三方认证的结构保证和服务提供商声誉则没有通过假设检验,与E-commerce情境下初始信任形成路径不同的是电子医疗用户不能单纯凭借网上信息做出是否可信的判断。     

网络消费者信任研究评述

通过对电子商务环境下的消费者信任（简称在线信任）研究的梳理,回顾在线信任的形成过程,即网络消费 者经历的从缺乏信任到初始信任、再到高度信任的过程。阐述影响在线信任的5 种前提要素,即了解为基础的信任、认 知为基础的信任、算计为基础的信任、制度为基础的信任与个性为基础的信任。说明在线信任的2 种类型,即在线最初 信任与持续信任,并分析5 种前提要素对最初信任与持续信任的影响。网络零售商如果要吸引消费者到网站购买、保留 消费者重复购买,就要重视信任的建立,包括最初信任与持续信任,可以考虑通过5 种前提要素来实现。     

网络消费者信任研究评述

通过对电子商务环境下的消费者信任(简称在线信任)研究的梳理,回顾在线信任的形成过程,即网络消费者经历的从缺乏信任到初始信任、再到高度信任的过程.阐述影响在线信任的5种前提要素,即了解为基础的信任、认知为基础的信任、算计为基础的信任、制度为基础的信任与个性为基础的信任.说明在线信任的2种类型,即在线最初信任与持续信任,并分析5种前提要素对最初信任与持续信任的影响.网络零售商如果要吸引消费者到网站购买、保留消费者重复购买,就要重视信任的建立,包括最初信任与持续信任,可以考虑通过5种前提要素来实现.     

信任模型及其改进研究

在分析现有信任模型不足的基础上,提出一个改进的信任模型。改进后的信任模型增加了事务因素,并通过一系列函数来描述信任,为协同与安全决策提供依据。同时将信任值区间扩大,增加实体表达自身认知的方法,使得信任度连续化,可以更加有效地解决信任管理问题。     

Gracious space: Library programming strategies towards immigrants as tools in the creation of social capital

Recent research on the generation of social trust and social capital gives public institutions prominent roles as instruments for creating social capital, the trust and connections between community members that yield collective action. Less is known about specific institutions and the mechanisms involved in creating social capital. In this paper, public library programs directed towards immigrants are explored as one possible mechanism for generating social capital. The data are unstructured interviews with U.S. library directors on strategies for immigrant programs and the creation of social trust. The interviews are analyzed and discussed, and they contribute to research on social capital formation. The programming activities in the libraries studied, which included classes in English as a second language (ESL), computers, and civics, attracted target immigrant populations. According to the library directors interviewed, these classes, which were carefully designed for these populations, were successful in generating trust and social capital: People “come back” to the library. Public libraries are promising arenas for generating social trust, and follow-up studies looking at the attitudes of immigrants who participate in these programs are important for increasing our knowledge on the mechanisms creating trust and social capital—that is, for theory development and for library practice.     

网络口碑可信度及对购买行为影响的实证研究

分析正面和负面网络口碑可信度的影响因素以及这两种口碑如何影响消费者对商家的信任和购买行为。数据分析结果表明,同嗜性、点评站点可信度以及信任倾向对两种口碑的可信度都有显著影响,而传播者专业性仅对正面网络口碑的可信度有显著作用。正面网络口碑的可信度显著正向影响消费者对被点评商家的信任,但并不显著影响购买意向,购买意向受到对商家信任的显著影响,也进一步显著作用于购买行为。反之,负面口碑的可信度同时负向影响消费者对商家的信任和购买意向,但与商家信任、购买意向以及购买行为之间均无显著关系。     

Evaluating News Photographs

The paper is based on an empirical study recently conducted in Italy through the photo-elicitation technique, involving 120 young Italians and focusing on two groups of individuals—an experimental and a control group. The two groups were shown images related to global crisis events. The first was told which photos were taken by professionals, which by citizens and which by other people involved in the events (soldiers, victims, perpetrators, etc.), while the second group was not provided with this information. Both groups were asked a battery of questions regarding the themes of trust, value, impact, use and circulation/distribution of the photographs shown, allowing the interviewees to define these concepts in the face of individual images. The principal results indicate that trust in news photographs is inseparable from impact and value for the development of a sense of active citizenship. Trust is revised in light of the awareness that there exists a variety of possible publics, active and passive, with different possibilities of affecting events through their actions. The distinction between citizen and professional photographs does not in itself lead to distinctions in terms of value and trust. Knowing the photographer's role in the event being depicted redefines the terms of the discourse and shifts the moral borderlines that the publics draw between different images and different media for their distribution. Introducing the ethnographic approach, the present study proposes going beyond studies that concentrate only on effects as well as those focused on trust, which prescribe a distinction between citizen and professional photojournalism.     

Contagious Media Effects: How Media Use and Exposure to Game-Framed News Influence Media Trust

The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which trust in media is affected by personal media use and the framing of politics as a strategic game. The study is based on a four-wave panel survey matched with media content data, which allows us to investigate not only correlations but also individual-level effects on media trust. In accordance with previous research, our analyses show that the use of specific media types leads to more trust in those specific media. The results also show that media framing of politics as a strategic game has a negative effect on trust in the media. The more citizens are exposed to game-framed news, the less they tend to trust the media, with the exception of tabloid newspapers. Overall, these results lend support to the assumption of contagious effects of game-framed news. In a concluding section, we sum up our results and discuss the implications of our findings.     

正面与负面网上评价对C2C商家初始信任影响的实证研究

分析C2C网站的信誉系统中,商家得到的正面和负面评价如何影响消费者对C2C商家的初始信任。通过分析从淘宝网收集的294份问卷,发现与商家评价相关的因素对消费者的初始信任有着重要影响,但正面与负面评价的影响作用不尽相同：对于正面评价,评价的质量和评价的数量对初始信任有显著的正向影响,而包含内容的评价数量和评价的信息性对初始信任没有显著作用;对于负面评价,评价的数量、评价的时效性以及评价的信息性对初始信任都有显著的负向作用,但评价的质量对初始信任却没有显著影响。     

Applying informetric methods to empirically assess the authoritativeness of Health Canada electronic documents

Government publications have long been considered authoritative sources of information regardless of the format [electronic via the World Wide Web (WWW) or paper] they are published in and with little consideration as to how they are researched, written, and published. Given the greater accessibility that the WWW provides the public to this very important source of information on a wide variety of subjects, assessing authoritativeness becomes a bigger and more difficult issue. This preliminary study applies informetric methods, specifically citation analysis, to assess whether the blind trust afforded government publications is appropriate in an important area of public policy that, particularly in Canada, is seen almost as a natural right of citizenship, public health care. The results of this study show that this trust is not misplaced as these publications are well researched and, with or without references, are used without discrimination.     

Assessing the authoritativeness of Canadian and American health documents: a comparative analysis using informetric methodologies

Government publications have long been considered authoritative sources of information regardless of the format (electronic via the WWW or paper) they are published in, and with little consideration as to how they are researched and written. Given the greater accessibility that the WWW provides the public to this very important source of information on a wide variety of subjects, assessing authoritativeness becomes a bigger and more difficult issue. The research and comparative analysis presented here continues a pilot study that applies informetric methods, especially citation analysis, to assess whether the blind trust afforded government publications is appropriate in such an important area of public policy and to see whether the two different types of health systems in Canada and the United States might have an effect on how these publications are produced.