肾上腺素对离体豚鼠左心室流出道组织自律性电活动的影响

目的:观察肾上腺素(E)对离体豚鼠左心室流出道组织自发慢反应电位的影响.方法:采用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,观察E对离体豚鼠左心室流出道组织自发慢反应电位的影响.观测指标有:最大舒张电位(MDP),动作电位幅度(APA),0期最大除极速度(Vmax),4期自动除极速度(VDD),自发放电频率(RPF),复极50%和90%时间(APD50、APD90).结果:用100μmol/L E灌流,豚鼠左心室流出道自律组织动作电位APA明显增大(P<0.01),Vmax明显增快(P<0.05),MDP显著增大(P<0.05),APD90显著缩短(P<0.01);RPF明显增快(P<0.01),VDD明显加快(P<0.05).结论:E对左心室流出道组织自律细胞有兴奋作用.     

钙通道阻断剂对家兔起搏细胞自发活动的作用

目的 :为进一步阐明Ca2 + 通道在心脏起搏中所起的作用 ,及左心室流出道 (主动脉前庭 )自律细胞的特性。方法 :利用常规的玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术 ,观察了 2 6例家兔窦房结和左心室流出道自律细胞动作电位的特征。以分析钙通道阻断剂 -维拉帕米 (VER)和氯化镍 (NiCl2 )对窦房结和流出道自律细胞的影响。结果 :(1)用 1μmol/LVER灌流后窦房结及主动脉前庭自律细胞的APA、Vmax、MDP绝对值、VDD、RPF均明显下降 ,APD90 延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )用 180 μmol/LNiCl2 灌流后两自律细胞自发慢反应电位的VDD、APA、Vmax、RPF均明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,而且窦房结细胞APD90 也显著延长 ;二者的MDP、APD50 均无明显改变 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :钙通道阻断剂对窦房结起搏细胞和主动脉前庭自律细胞动作电位 0相和 4相去极离子流有明显抑制作用。     

氯化镍对家兔离体心脏自发慢反应动作电位的影响

目的:为探讨氯化镍对心脏自律细胞的影响。方法:利用细胞内微电极记录技术,观察了18例家兔窦房结和左心室流出道自律细胞动作电位的特征。以分析Ni~(2 )对窦房结和流出道自律细胞作用的异同。结果:用180μmol/L NiCl_2灌流后两自律细胞自发慢反应电位的VDD、APA、Vmax、RPF均明显下降(P<0.01),而且窦房结细胞APD、APD_(90)也显著延长;二者的MDP、APD_(50)均无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论:NiCl_2对窦房结起搏细胞和主动脉前庭自律细胞动作电位0相和4相去极离子流有明显抑制作用。     

Cs对家兔窦房结和主动脉前庭的电生理效应

目的 :探讨CsCl对心脏慢反应自律细胞的电生理效应。方法 :应用细胞内微电极记录技术 ,观察了 16例家兔窦房结和主动脉前庭 (左心室流出道 )自律细胞动作电位的特征。以分析CsCl对窦房结和流出道自律细胞作用的异同。结果 :给予 2mmol/LCsCl灌流后 ,两自律细胞自发慢反应电位的VDD及RPF均明显减慢 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,10min左右达到最大效应 ,而MDP、APA、Vmax、APD、APD50 、APD90 与正常对照比均无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :CsCl对窦房结起搏细胞和主动脉前庭自律细胞的起搏离子流有明显抑制作用。     

维拉帕米对自发性高血压大鼠左心室流出道自发慢反应电位的影响

目的:探讨高血压大鼠左室流出道自发性慢反应电位0相和4相去极离子流中Ca2 的作用.方法:利用自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的离体心脏,常规玻璃微电极细胞内记录方法和Ca2 离子通道阻断剂维拉帕米(VER),观测最大舒张电位(MDP)、0相除极幅度(APA)、0相最大除极速度(Vmax)、4相自动除极速度(VDD)、复极50%(APD50)和90%(APD90)的时间以及自发放电频率(RPF).结果:1.0μmol/L维拉帕米可使该慢电位的APA、Vmax、VDD明显减小,RPF减慢(P＜0.01);APD、APD90延长(P＜0.05).结论:(1)该区域的自发慢电位0相去极离子流主要为Ca2 内流.(2)4相去极离子流中,Ca2 内流起部分作用.     

心得安对异丙肾上腺素所致左心室流出道自律性电活动改变的影响

目的:研究心得安对异丙肾上腺素所致左心室流出道自律性电活动改变的影响.方法:本实验采用标准玻璃微电极细胞内引导技术在记录离体豚鼠该部位自发慢反应电位的基础上,观测了心得安对异丙肾上腺素作用的影响.结果:100μmol/L异丙肾上腺素(Iso)可使自发放电频率(RPF)和4期自动去极速度(VDD)显著加快,动作电位幅度(APA)显著增大,0期最大去极速度(Vmax)明显加速,复极50%时间(APD50)缩短(P＜0.01或P＜0.001);5μmol/L心得安可拮抗100μmol/L Iso的电生理效应.结论:Iso可提高左心室流出道组织的自律性电活动,其效应可被心得安阻断.     

氯化镍对家兔离体窦房结自律细胞的影响

目的:探讨氯化镍对家兔窦房结自律细胞的影响.方法:利用细胞内微电极记录技术,观察20例家兔窦房结细胞动作电位以及氯化镍对窦房结细胞动作电位产生的影响.结果:用180μmol/L NiCl2灌流后窦房结自律细胞的VDD、APA、Vmax、RPF均明显下降(P＜0.01),APD、APD90显著延长,MDP、APD50均无明显改变(P＞0.05).结论:氯化镍对窦房结自律细胞的动作电位0相和4相去极离子流有明显的抑制作用.     

炙甘草汤对豚鼠离体心室乳头肌电生理效应的研究

目的：探讨炙甘草汤对豚鼠心室肌动作电位的影响。方法：用玻璃微电极细胞内记录的方法．描记正常和不同剂量炙甘草汤（10、20和40mg／m1）灌流时的豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位，测量其RP、APA、Vmax、APD50、APD90和APD。结果：20mg／ml炙甘草汤可明显缩短APD90（P〈O．05），40mg／ml炙甘草汤对APD50、APD90和APD均有明显缩短作用（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论：炙甘草汤可缩短豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位的时程。     

炙甘草汤对豚鼠心室肌细胞的电生理影响

目的：研究炙甘草汤对豚鼠心室肌细胞电生理影响。方法：应用常规的玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术，观察炙甘草汤对豚鼠心室肌细胞的动作电位0相幅值（APA）。动作电位时程（APD），50％复极化时间（APD50），90％复极化时间（APD90）的影响。结果：（1）用20mg／ml的炙甘草汤灌流后与正常对照组相比细胞电生理变化不明显；（2）用40mg／ml的炙甘草汤灌流后与正常对照组相比动作电位时程（APD）缩短（P〈0．05），90％复极化时间（APD90）下降（P〈0．05）；（3）用80mg／ml的炙甘草汤灌流后与正常对照组相比动作电位时程（APD）明显缩短（P〈0.01），50％复极化时间（APD50）、90％复极化时间（APD90）下降（P〈0．05）。结论：炙甘草汤能缩短豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位时程及50％、90％复极化时间。     

普罗帕酮对豚鼠左心室流出道慢反应自律细胞的电生理效应

目的:探讨普罗帕酮对左心室流出道自律细胞的电生理效应.方法:应用常规的玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,观察普罗帕酮对豚鼠左心室流出道(主动脉前庭)动作电位0相幅值(APA),最大除极速率(Vmax),动作电位时程(APD),50%复极化时间(APD50),90%复极化时间(APD90),自发电活动频率(HR)的影响.结果:1.用0.5μmol/L的普罗帕酮灌流后与正常对照组相比自发电活动频率(HR)显著下降(P<0.01);2.用1μmol/L的普罗帕酮灌流后与对正常照组相比动作电位0幅值(APA)下降(P<0.05),动作电位时程(APD)延长(P<0.05).结论:普罗帕酮能抑制左心室流出道(主动脉前庭)的动作电位0幅值,延长动作电位时程,使自发电活动频率下降.     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.     

钱生钱!

我们绝大部分人都同意一件事情——我们喜欢金钱。但是你对金钱的喜欢之情足够到让你创立一份事业么?.财富通常被人忽视,主要在于人们不能真正了     

Inequalities for inscribed simplexes

The problem on the geometrc inequalities involving an n-dimensional simplex and its inscribed simplex is studied. Aninequality is established, which reveals that the difference between the squared circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex andthe squared distance between its circumcenter and barycenter times the squared circumradius of its inscribed simplex is not lessthan the 2(n-1)th power of n times its squared inradius, and is equal to when the simplex is regular and its inscribed siplex is atangent point one. Deduction from this inequality reaches a generalization of n-dimensional Euler inequality indicating that thecircumradius of the simplex is not less than the n-fold inradius. Another inequality is derived to present the relationship betweenthe circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex and the circumradius and inradius of its pedal simplex.