碱激发剂对镍渣基地聚物砂浆力学性能的影响

以工业固废镍渣为原料,采用机械力化学制备单组分镍渣基地聚物。研究碱激发剂种类和碱掺量对镍渣基地聚物砂浆抗压强度的影响规律,结合XRD、SEM及EDS等试验对水化产物进行表征。结果表明：当碱激发剂为复掺Na₂SiO₃/Na₂CO₃,w_Na2O=6.5%时,单组分镍渣基地聚物28 d抗压强度可达68.96 MPa。单掺NaOH对镍渣活性激发效果有限,单掺Na₂SiO₃和复掺Na₂SiO₃/Na₂CO₃激发效果显著,单掺Na₂SiO₃和复掺Na₂SiO₃/Na₂CO₃不能使地聚物的矿物组成发生较大改变,但可以显著提高反应体系中凝胶产物的生成量,改善地聚物微观结构的致密程度。     

Laboratory test on long-term deterioration of cement soil in seawater environment

Laboratory tests were conducted to study the effects of curing time, cement ratio and seawater pressure on cement soil deterioration formed at simulative marine soft clay sites. Deterioration depth was determined on the basis of characteristics of penetration resistance and penetration depth curves, and the deterioration depth of cement soil with the cement ratio of 7%, reached 31.8 mm after 720 d. Results of research indicated that deterioration extended quickly under seawater environment and the deterioration depth increased with the prolonging curing time. In addition, the water pressure could speed up deterioration. With the increase of cement content, the strength of cement soil increased obviously. At the same time, the deterioration depth decreased significantly. The concentration of calcium ion in the cement stabilized soil increased with the increase of depth, while that of magnesium ion gradually decreased. The variations were consistent with energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)analysis results, and the calcium concentration with depth was in a good consistency with strength distribution at long term. The results showed that the deterioration became more serious with the curing time, and it was related to calcium leaching.     

The effects of taste adulteration,hypertonic, and hyperoncotic solutions on water ingestion in the gerbil

Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were examined for components of thirst in the laboratory. The gerbil, reputed to be a desert-adapted rodent, was tested for its response to quinine adulterations of water, hypertonic solutions (1 M sodium chloride, NaCl), and hyperoncotic solutions (40% W/V polyethylene glycol in isotonic saline, PG). Both NaCl and PG were administered intraperitoneally. Gerbils accepted quinine when it was the only solution available and food was ad lib, but preferred distilled water to quinine if both were available. Both PG and NaCl produced increased water intakes in gerbils within the first 2 h, postinjection. PG, however, produced the most reliable and largest increase in water consumption, illustrating that extracellular dehydration is probably a more significant thirst stimulus in gerbils.     

Ca(OH)2改善弱酸性软土水泥土性能的试验与实践

为了改善弱酸性软土水泥土工程性能,对比不同Ca(OH)2外加剂掺量下的水泥土配方试验,分析其对水泥土密度、无侧限抗压强度、渗透性、压缩性提高的效果。 掺入Ca(OH)2 后,其密度增大幅度基本位于4.8%以内。 水泥土试件的抗压强度随着Ca(OH)2掺量的增加而增加,当掺量高于10%时增幅相对较小。 随着养护龄期的增加,水泥土强度逐渐提高,特别是早期强度提高较为明显。 随着外加剂掺量的增加,各个不同龄期的水泥土渗透系数随之降低,水泥土压缩模量得到提高。 综合提高效果和经济性因素,Ca(OH)2外加剂掺量不宜超过10%。     

Effect of chloride content on bond behavior between FRP and concrete

For reinforced concrete structures located along the seaside, the penetration of chloride ions into concrete may be a threat to the durability of the structures. Experimental investigations were carried out to study the effect of chloride content on the bond behavior between concrete and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plates. Direct shear tests were conducted on the FRP strengthened concrete members. Before testing, the specimens were immersed in NaCl solutions with concentrations ranging from 3%—15% for different time (0—120 d). Then, the specimens were dried and tested to obtain the initial and ultimate debonding loads, together with strain distributions along the FRP plates of different load values. The correlations between chloride content and debonding parameters are established. Test results show that the debonding parameters are closely related to the immersing time rather than the chloride content of the solution.     

粉煤灰对水泥土强度及固化过程的影响

从粉煤灰-水泥相互作用、粉煤灰-淤泥质土相互作用两个方面开展一系列试验,研究粉煤灰对水泥和淤泥质粘土的强度及固化过程的影响,然后通过扫描电镜(SEM)试验,观察粉煤灰水泥土的微结构变化以探究其机理。粉煤灰水泥石强度试验表明粉煤灰能使水泥石28d及以上龄期的强度提高,粉煤灰淤泥质土的含水率试验和固结不排水试验表明,粉煤灰使淤泥土的硬度变大,X射线衍射(XRD)试验表明粉煤灰能细化水泥中Ca(OH)2晶粒,SEM试验结果表明粉煤灰可以使水泥土的微结构更加密实。     

黏性土三轴试验组合方法

针对解决《土工试验方法标准》三轴试验中,黏性土抗剪强度指标出现的变异问题,提出一种黏性土试样组合方法,准确测定黏性土抗剪强度指标值在原有的一组相同物理性质(含水率,液塑限,级配)黏性土三轴试样的基础上,增加一组或两组相同物理性质试样,通过系统软件对试样进行完备组合,重新形成黏性土抗剪强度指标值样本基数,取其样本数的平均值为黏性土抗剪强度指标.通过试验验证了试样组合方法能有效避免三轴试验中出现的互不包容的莫尔圆,或黏聚力c出现负值试验结果,并在不增加试样数量的前提下,扩大了黏性土抗剪强度指标的样本基数,从而可准确测定抗剪强度指标值组合方法的提出为黏性土抗剪强度指标的测定提供一定的参考价值.     

水泥稳定土延迟时间对强度和干密度的影响

通过对商丘一开封高速公路No．15标、No．16标水泥稳定土的击实试验和无侧限抗压强度试验。分析讨论了水泥稳定土延迟时间对强度、干密度的影响，认为在施工中应根据不同土质的延迟时间来指导和控制施工过程，以保证抗压强度和压实度，满足设计要求。     

Q235钢在不同湿度的青海盐湖盐渍土壤中的腐蚀行为

利用极化曲线技术、电化学阻抗测试技术、扫描电镜和表面能谱等方法．研究了Q235钢在不同湿度的两种青海盐湖边盐渍土壤中的腐蚀行为．试验结果表明，湿度对Q235钢腐蚀的影响显著．随着土壤湿度的增加，Q235钢在盐湖盐渍土壤中的腐蚀速率也增加，当含水量增大到10％～15％时．腐蚀速率达到最大，然后腐蚀速率随着湿度增加而减小；Q235钢在这两种盐渍土壤中，在同一湿度时，盐含量高的土壤腐蚀较快．     

粉煤灰在改良盐碱地土壤中的机理研究

利用粉煤灰进行盐碱土改良试验,采用掩模层配比法,研究了不同配比下盐碱土与粉煤灰混合后理化性质的变化规律。结果表明,使用粉煤灰可降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙体积,减少土壤中的碱性物质含量,加快土壤排盐速度及改善土壤的化学性质。同时,分析了粉煤灰与土壤不同比例下木苗的最佳生长状况和生理指标。     

一种海底含气软土的室内模拟制样方法

基于沸石的微孔吸附特性,以沸石为中间介质研究模拟制备含气软土沉积物的方法;通过沸石对CH4、N2、CO2和H24种不同气体的吸附/脱附试验,探讨了沸石掺量与置换气量之间的关系,利用CT扫描试验检验了所制含气效果;基于微型十字板剪切试验,分析了土体不排水剪切强度与沸石掺量之间的关系.实验结果表明:在同等条件下,沸石掺量与...     

肥料与石膏配施对滨海盐土有效磷的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了肥料与石膏配施条件下滨海盐土有效磷变化特征,结果表明,(1)不同肥料与石膏配施条件下,滨海盐土有效磷含量以有机无机复混肥(F2)处理较高,而以单施石膏2g/kg(F0B2)处理较低。(2)磷肥施用可显著提高滨海盐土有效磷含量,供试肥料品种间滨海盐土有效磷含量以有机无机复混肥处理(F2)、无机复混肥(F1)处理最高,其次为生物有机无机复混肥(F4)和生物有机肥(F3),以空白对照(F0)最低。(3)随石膏用量增加,土壤有效磷呈显著降低趋势。(4)滨海盐土有效磷含量存在明显动态变化特征,肥料施用后有效磷总体上呈现先增加后降低趋势,最终回复到施肥前水平。(5)从土壤有效磷角度考虑,滨海盐土肥料农业施用以有机无机复混肥(F2)较为适宜。     

碱激发赤泥基胶凝材料的实验研究

为合理利用赤泥中的碱性成分,采用胶砂强度实验法将赤泥、石灰组合成赤泥基材料,在此基础上研究了赤泥-石灰体系与矿渣组合在碱激发下的强度变化规律.实验证明赤泥-石灰体系掺量为0%～20%时,随掺量的增加抗折强度不断增加;赤泥-石灰体系掺量为0%～15%时,随掺量增加抗压强度不断增加;赤泥-石灰体系掺量达25%时,强度依然和碱矿渣水泥相当.对碱激发赤泥基胶凝材料浆体的SEM分析表明,赤泥、石灰完全参与水化反应.     

特殊类型土的固化研究

根据膨胀土和砂质粘上的结构特点与理化性质,调整粉状固化剂的组成与配比,采用新型固化剂,使固化土稳定强度大幅度提高膨胀土24h快速养护浸水后强度为2.45～2.95MPa,而砂质粘土为4．24～4.45MPa．     

聚丙烯纤维对高性能混凝土强度与耐久性影响的试验研究

研究了掺加聚丙烯纤维、矿渣及粉煤灰对C50高性能混凝土抗渗性、立方体抗压强度、干燥收缩变形以及抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,同时分析了聚丙烯纤维的合理掺量。     

钢渣比表面积及掺入量对水泥性能影响的研究

通过改变钢渣比表面积及掺入量,研究其对水泥性能的影响,讨论样品的内部结构与性能之间的关系结果表明,随着钢渣比表面积的增大,水泥的抗折抗压强度增加,而随着钢渣掺入量的增加,抗折抗压强度降低。     

高温磷渣液在线资源化初步研究

炼磷排放的高温磷渣液的常规处理方式是水淬冷却、露天堆放处置,该方式不仅浪费巨额热能、占用大量土地,还引起环境污染问题。现有的磷渣资源化技术仅针对于水淬后的磷渣颗粒,无法回收热能,且磷渣掺量较低。本文提出将高温磷渣液在线资源化利用,制备建筑装饰用铸石产品,不仅可全额回收其蕴含的巨额热能,还能从源头消除磷渣的环境污染。初步研究结果表明,以石英砂和高岭土为辅助原料,高温磷渣液掺量可达75%,所得铸石样品分为乳浊玻璃材质和微晶材质两种类型,均具有优于天然石材的抗折强度和耐化学腐蚀性能,可作为建筑装饰材料推广应用。     

高掺量矿渣粉煤灰复合水泥的研制

根据不同类型混合材之间性能上的差异,通过两种或两种以上混合材的复掺,可以取得性能上优于任何一种单掺时的效果,即“优势互补效应”.本文对矿渣和粉煤灰的优势互补效应进行了研究,并采用适当的外加剂来提高水泥的早期强度.研究结果表明,通过混合材的合理搭配,即使粉煤灰掺量达28%,混合材总掺量为70%,水泥各龄期强度仍能满足425R~#复合水泥的要求.     

Effect of mineral admixtures and repeated loading on chloride migration through concrete

The effect of fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on chloride migration through concrete subjected to repeated loading was examined. Portland cement was replaced by three percentages (20%, 30%, and 40%) of mineral admixtures. Five repeated loadings were applied to concrete specimens using a WHY series fully automatic testing machine. The maximum loadings were 40% and 80% of the axial cylinder compressive strength (f′c). Chloride migration through concretes was evaluated using the rapid chloride migration test and the chloride concentration in the anode chamber was measured. The results showed that the replacement percentages of mineral admixtures, the curing time and repeated loading had a significant effect on chloride migration through concrete. The transport number of chloride through concrete cured for 28 d increased with increasing FA replacement and markedly decreased with extension of the curing time. 20% and 30% GGBFS replacement decreased the transport number of chloride through concrete, but 40% GGBFS replacement increased the transport number. Five repeated loadings at 40% or 80% f′c increased the transport number of chloride for all mixes.     

二灰碎石材料可恢复性机理研究与验证

通过室内试验,确定二灰碎石材料具有一定的强度可恢复机能,并从二灰碎石结构强度形成、强度可恢复机理、外掺剂对可恢复性规律的影响等几个方面进行了理论分析与试验研究,得出二灰碎石基层早期强度破坏后,可一定程度恢复的科学结论,并通过组织试验段验证实施。