提高少数民族学生汉语水平的有效途径

我州从去年下期开始,在吉首民族师范附小一年级乙班进行“注音识字,提前读写”的识字教学体系改革。实践证明,它比较符合儿童的认识规律,是目前提高我州少数民族学生小学语文水平的最佳途径和方法。实验班学生未经挑选。全班44名学生中,有土家族苗家学生24人,占54.5％。今年六月底,对实验班进行全面考核,取得的成绩令人欣喜。     

网络教学对大学英语听说能力影响的实证研究——以钦州学院为例

通过对普通班和实验班的跟踪调查和分析研究,比较采用网络授课教学模式与传统教学模式下学生的听说成绩,结果显示：实验班学生的听写准确率比普通班学生高,听力理解差距不大;实验班学生口语表达在语音、语法和表达的流利程度方面比普通班学生进步明显,更深层次的内容丰富、结构完整和词汇准确三项里两个班的成绩没有差别.研究结果证明,网络教学对大学英语听说能力的提高起到了明显的改善作用.     

广州农村小学英语词汇读记策略的实证研究——基于英语拼读法教学理论

文章旨在实证研究广州农村小学英语词汇读记策略,为小学英语词汇学习提供教学参考意见。通过对168名小学生采取实验班和控制班进行读记策略对比研究,并对实验班和控制班小学生进行词汇测试和英语词汇认知反应调查。结果证明:(1)大部分小学生对英语词汇认知方式为认为词汇记忆是"有意识"的加工;(2)使用读记策略实验班词汇测试成绩显著(P0.05)高于控制班。     

元话语理论在英语口语教学中的实证研究

本研究通过定量和定性相结合的方法,研究元话语理论对非英语专业大学生口语水平的影响。受试为两个水平相当的自然班。控制班按口语教材正常教学,实验班加入元话语定义、分类及功能等知识的讲授,通过测试和问卷调查发现,实验班与控制班相比、与实验前自身相比,成绩有明显提高,元话语的语用意识普遍增强。结果显示,元话语的讲授可以提高学生口语表达能力。     

情景教学法在生物化学教学中的应用研究

目的 研究情景教学法在医学高等专科学校生物教学课中的实践效果。方法 从2013级新生班级中抽取2个临床专业大班学生作为研究对象（大班授课,每个大班约120位学生）,其中一个班级为控制班,另一个班级为实验班。学生按入学成绩进行随机分班,各班学生的成绩基本相近并且呈正态分布。对两班学生在采用传统教学和情景教学后对生物化学课的兴趣程度和学习成绩进行比较与分析。结果 实验班学生的学习兴趣与成绩明显高于控制班。结论 在生物化学教学中采用情景分析法能够提高学生学习成绩,培养学生的学习兴趣,增强知识的运用能力。     

课堂民主化对小学生创造性人格的影响

本文选取某小学四年级两个班作为实验班(46人)和对照班(42人),对实验班进行为期1年半的课堂民主化建设,选用威廉斯创造性倾向量表为测验工具,比较组间和组内的测验成绩,探讨课堂民主化对小学生创造人格的影响。结果显示:(1)干预前,两组在创造性倾向的四个构成因子及总分上无显著性的差异;(2)1年半干预后实验班的后测成绩比前测成绩明显提高,且在0.05水平上存在显著性差异,导致显著差异的主要因子均是想象力和挑战性。由此可见,课堂民主化对小学生创造性人格的发展具有一定的积极影响。     

基于情境教学的初中数学教师教学行为有效性研究

本文旨在深入探究情境教学下初中数学教师教学行为的有效性。从****实验中学中选取初一年级的第(12)班、第(14)班的同学作为本次研究对象,(12)班实验班采取情境教学方法 ,(14)班则采取传统教学模式。结果发现,(12)班学生在课堂情境教学环境下,期中成绩的平均分为72.5、及格率73%、优秀率25%;期末成绩平均分79.6、及格率89%、优秀率53%;(14)班学生期中成绩的平均分为68.9、及格率62%、优秀率20%;期末成绩平均分72、及格率71%、优秀率25%。实验班学习成绩明显优于对照班。(12)班学生的学习兴趣明显高于(14)班。由此得出结论:通过将情境教学法应用到初中数学教学中,大幅度提升教师教学行为的有效性,具有较强的教师实践价值。     

儿童识字能力与汉字规则意识关系研究

采用测验的方法考察了小学儿童汉字识字能力与汉字规则意识的关系,被试为1—4年级的小学儿童。结果发现:(1)对汉字中的规则意识得更早的儿童有更高的识字能力。(2)声旁意识的差异导致了低年级儿童识字能力的差异,形旁意识对中年级儿童识字能力的继续发展更加重要。由此推论,汉语阅读获得是语音技能、语义技能交互作用的结果,它们一起保证了儿童识字能力的发展。     

生本识字,为尽早阅读插上隐形翅膀

<正>生本,就是以学生为本;其基本理念为"先学后教,不教而教";"生本教育的原则:一切为了学生,高度尊重学生,全面依靠学生。生本理念下的教学观就是关注生命,关注状态。自2012年9月开始,我校一年级全体学生进入了"提前识字,海量阅读"实验班,参与了生本识字实验。一年时间结束,实验班学生与以前使用苏教版教材的学生进行比较,在识字量及提前阅读方面有明显提高。我班54名学生中,12名学生(占22.2%)的识字量超过     

案例教学在高职院校“学前卫生学”教学中的实验研究

将运用案例教学的2012级学前(2)班和运用传统教学法的同年级学前(4)班的学生成绩进行比较,以考察在高职院校学前卫生学教学中应用案例教学的实际教学效果,同时运用调查问卷了解案例教学对实验班、对照班学生的学习态度、学习兴趣等方面的影响。数据分析和调查问卷显示:实验班学前卫生学期末考试成绩、案例分析题得分、成绩优良率均显著高于对照班,实验班学生的学习态度、学习兴趣也明显好于对照班,表明在高职院校学前卫生学教学中运用案例教学具有可行性和必要性。     

Predictors of Chinese reading and literacy skills among Chinese school children: a 3-year longitudinal study

Abstract

This study aims to identify the predictors of Chinese reading and literacy skills among Chinese school children in Taiwan. Participants recruited in the study were 182 Grade 1 elementary school students. First, data were collected on these students’ literacy skills, which comprised morphological awareness, orthography processing, visual perception skills, phonological awareness, and rapid automatised naming. In Grade 2, data were collected from these students on their word decoding skills, which comprised character recognition and reading fluency. Finally, in Grade 3, data were collected on the Chinese comprehension skills of the same students. A structural equation model examined the direct and indirect effects of students’ literacy skills at Grade 1 on their reading comprehension at Grade 3, with students’ word decoding at Grade 2 acting as a mediator. Results showed that reading comprehension of students at Grade 3 was predicted by their literacy skills at Grade 1.     

Promotion of literacy skills in early childhood: a follow-up study from kindergarten to Grade 1 / Fomento de habilidades de lecto-escritura en la primera infancia: estudio de seguimiento desde la educación infantil al primer curso de educación primaria

Several researchers have shown that invented spelling activities in kindergarten foster preschool children’s early literacy skills. However, few studies have assessed its impact on learning to read and write in the first year of primary school. Our goal was to analyse the impact of an invented spelling programme with kindergarteners on their literacy skills until the end of Grade 1. A follow-up study was conducted with 45 five-year-old Portuguese children attending two classes of two schools in Lisbon. The teaching effect was controlled as children from each class were randomly assigned into two groups (experimental/control) — equivalent on letter knowledge, cognitive abilities and phonological awareness. The participants were assessed in kindergarten with a pre-test, immediate post-test and delayed post-test (spelling; reading; phonemic awareness) and at the end of Grade 1 (spelling; reading). The experimental group participated in invented spelling sessions, while control children participated in storytelling activities. Data analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups. The experimental group scored higher, not only in kindergarten but also in the follow-up year for all literacy measures.     

Examining an Extended Home Literacy Model: The Mediating Roles of Emergent Literacy Skills and Reading Fluency

We examined the developmental relationships between home literacy environment (parent teaching, shared book reading) and emergent literacy skills (phonological awareness, letter knowledge, vocabulary, rapid naming speed) in kindergarten, reading accuracy and fluency in Grade 1, and reading comprehension in Grades 2 and 3 in a sample of Canadian children learning to read English (N = 214). Results from a latent variable model showed that parent teaching predicted letter knowledge and phonological awareness, and shared book reading predicted vocabulary and rapid naming speed after controlling for family socioeconomic status. Moreover, both parent teaching and shared book reading contributed indirectly to reading accuracy and fluency in Grade 1, which then mediated the effects of home literacy environment on reading comprehension in Grades 2 and 3. The results suggest that the effects of home literacy environment on later reading development are distributed via more pathways than previously thought.     

识字有规律吗?——有关小学识字及其规律的几点思考

本文探讨了识字的界定及识字规律的问题。本文提出,所谓识字,就是将文字的形音义三者之间在识字者头脑中,建立正确、稳定和自动化的联系;提出了五条识字规律,即"权威性字形、字音和字义配对律""新旧元素交织律""语境及其意义支撑律""经验及其经验背景支撑律"和"运用反复律"。本文指出:识字教学的正确方向,是识字为识词服务,是扩展学生的词汇;积极词汇的拥有量,才是衡量识字教学成功与否的根本标准。     

Do vocabulary,syntactic awareness,and reading comprehension in second language facilitate the development of each other in young children?

This study explored whether children's second language (L2) vocabulary, syntactic awareness, and reading comprehension contributed to the growth of each other. A total of 184 Chinese primary school children (91 girls) aged 8–10 years old in Hong Kong participated in the pre-test of this study. Among them, 88 were in Grade 3 and 96 were in Grade 4. One year later, 178 of these children also participated in the post-test. These children learned English as an L2 at school. They completed a series of English language tasks. The results from a cross-lagged panel model show that vocabulary predicted the growth of syntactic awareness and reading comprehension. Syntactic awareness predicted the growth of vocabulary and reading comprehension. Reading comprehension facilitated the growth of vocabulary, and it also predicted the growth of syntactic awareness in Grade 4 students but not in Grade 3 students. Implications for teaching children an L2 are discussed.     

汉语学习困难学生语音加工特征比较的实验研究

采取三种不同语音分割任务,对小学四年级汉语学习困难学生、听力损伤学生和正常学生的汉语语音觉察与加工能力进行了比较实验研究。结果表明,两类特殊儿童的汉语语音意识能力明显低于正常儿童。本结果提示,教育者应关注儿童早期拼音教学中对语音敏感性的训练。     

浅谈高职学生语文意识的培养

语文作为基础性和人文性的学科,是高职学生必修的文化课程之一,通过对语文的学习,可以促进高职学生人文素养、科学素养以及职业素养的快速形成。教师在教学过程中最重要的是帮助学生形成良好的语文意识,根据高职语文教学的现状,语文教师要通过转变教学理念,优化教学方法等柔性教学管理模式,增强学生的阅读意识、审美意识和主人翁意识,从而达到培养和提高高职学生语文意识的目的。     

加强病例分析教学,提高学生综合素质

为了探索病理学实习课的教学方法,在2001级临床医学系本科中随机抽取了2个班分为对照班和实验班。对照班采用常规教学法教学;实验班则加用病例分析教学法。实验班和对照班期末通过综合能力测试成绩、病例分析测试成绩进行横向对比,实验班平均成绩高于对照班(p<0 05)。实验班问卷调查显示在病理实习课中应用病例分析教学法,有利于激发学习兴趣,巩固理论知识,提高了自学能力,表达能力,临床思维能力,分析问题、解决问题的能力,对提高医学生综合素质有明显效果。     

小学语文识字教学中趣味化教学的探究

识字教学是小学语文教学的重点内容,特别是低龄学段的学生更是需要打好识字基础。学生对生字词的掌握程度不仅影响学生语文学科的学习效果,而且也同样影响学生在数学等其他学科的学习效果。新课标要求在小学阶段学生要认识3000个常用字,其中要会写2500个汉字,而要达到这一要求就需要语文教师保证识字教学的效果,基于此,笔者研究了识字教学中的趣味化教学策略,希望能够提高学生的识字能力。