体育运动序列图像的计算机辅助分析

为解决运动图像中人体关节自动快速定位问题,提出了一种体育运动序列图像中人体关节定位的快速算法,进而从运动序列图像中提取运动信息。该方法用序列图像前帧图像中关节位置的先验知识和差异图像判断运动关节,对运动关节在前后帧中进行块匹配,得到后帧图像中人体关节的精确位置,继而计算出需要的运动参数。其中许多前提条件和假设都是基于高速摄像机或摄影机拍摄的图像。分析过程中,首帧图像的关节位置由人工输入,作为先验知识,以后的分析过程由计算机自动进行,分析结果迅速准确。     

人体关节点自动定位算法的研究与应用

将一般的人体运动序列图像分析技术与高速序列图像的特点相结合 ,重点考察人体关节点位置的自动确定。对已有的算法进行实验、比较、分析 ,并提出了 1种体育运动序列图像中人体关节自动定位的快速实用算法 ,从而解决了高速运动图像中人体关节自动快速定位问题。利用提出的算法 ,对女子跳板跳水运动员起跳的运动序列图像实现了关节点的快速自动定位     

对人体运动环节重量矩测量方法的理论研究

在引入人体运动环节的概念和增补重量矩参数的基础上，利用二维平衡板推导了运动环节重心与人体总重心之间的联动关系，从而提出了人体总重心圆原理为了计算人体运动环节的重量矩，探讨了利用二维平衡板测量人体总重心圆半径的方法，并指出人体总重心圆原理的缺陷和实际测量时应注意运动环节移动幅度不宜太大等问题，以减少测量误差。     

序列运动图像采集与解析系统

该系统是针对体育运动,利用计算机图像采集技术以及人体数学模型对序列运动图像进行数据采集、处理的图像系统。可对视频信号直接进行计算机连续采集,得到序列图像数据并进行分析。主要由图像采集与显示、数据采集、数据处理、处理显示、帮助、退出6大模块组成。(图1)。     

人体运动的区域跟踪及部位自动识别

结合对人体运动过程进行序列图像分析处理的例子，给出了一种应用于运动人体的区域预测跟踪方法及适用于运动人体部位的特征点的选取方法，并给出其匹配算法。     

计算机仿真人体二维运动图解设计技术在体育中的应用

本文为运用计算机研究体育运动,提供一种新的人体模型设计方法和计算机仿真人体二维运动图解的几项关键实现技术,有助于体育教学训练科学化。     

体育运动图象序列分析和处理

本文介绍一门将在体育运动中得到应用的新兴学科。首先,列举了进行体育运动图象序列分析和处理的种种理由;然后,提出了二维运动预测和三维运动预测的算法;这样,有可能用计算机自动找出人体上的关节点.     

关于"运动人体科学技术"概念的提出与界定的研究

结合文献资料,系统阐述了运动人体科学及运动人体科学技术的形成过程,并结合国内外专家、学者等看法,运用逻辑学的方法,对运动人体科学技术的概念进行了较科学的界定。提出了对于运动人体科学及运动人体科学技术的发展展望。明确了科学界定运动人体科学技术概念的意义,以达到促进运动人体科学的学科建设,完善运动人体科学技术体系,更好地为社会服务的目的。     

单杠上人体回环运动的仿真设计

通过运用计算机仿真技术对体操运动进行技术分析和动作优化设计。作者建立了一个单杠上人体回环运动的５环多刚体系统模型,动用凯恩方法推导出运动方程,并采用Ｃ语言开发出相应的计算机仿真程序,该仿真程序能够帮助运动员改进运动技术并最终获得最优化的运动技术,研究结果表明：（１）所建立的单杠上人体回环运动的模型是可行的;（２）动用凯恩方法推导动力学方程简单而方便,运动方程以隐式呈现并易于编写计算机仿真程序;（３     

对人体运动的哲学思考

哲学是有关世界观的学说,马克思主义哲学是科学的世界观和方法论,是当前研究任何问题的根本出发点。在研究人体运动,特别是在研究竞技运动时,哲学的观点给我们提供了科学的理论指导,从而避免了陷入误区。人体运动是以人体运动系统所承载,运动解剖学视角下的运动系统有助于我们了解人体运动的本质和规律,结合哲学的整体观、系统观和时空观三大理论观点,使研究者更加完善地了解地人体运动,有助于建立人体运动练习与训练体系,从而为我国发展人体运动,特别是竞技运动提供指导,提高我国竞技运动的水平。     

Model-based automatic tracking of articulated human movement

This study applied a vision-based tracking approach to the analysis of articulated, three-dimensional (3D) whole-body human movements. A 3D computer graphics model of the human body was constructed from ellipsoid solids and customized to two gymnasts for size and colour. The model was used in the generation of model images from multiple camera views with simulated environments based on measurements taken on each of three synchronized video cameras and the lighting sources present in the original recording environment. A hierarchical procedure was used whereby the torso was tracked initially to establish whole-body position and orientation and subsequently body segments were added successively to the model to establish body configuration. An iterative procedure was used at each stage to optimize each new set of variables using a score based on the RGB colour difference between the model images and video images at each stage. Tracking experiments were carried out on movement sequences using both synthetic and video image data. Promising qualitative results were obtained with consistent model matching in all sequences, including sequences involving whole-body rotational movements. Accurate tracking results were obtained for the synthetic image sequences. Automatic tracking results for the video images were also compared with kinematic estimates obtained via manual digitization and favourable comparisons were obtained. It is concluded that with further development this model-based approach using colour matching should provide the basis of a robust and accurate tracking system applicable to data collection for biomechanics studies.     

对“用欧拉角描述人体髋关节运动”论点的商榷

目前有些专家、学者用欧拉角来描述髖关节的运动,然而,欧拉角的运用会出现数学计算上的困难,且所涉及的转轴与人体基本运动轴不一致。本文介绍了与人体运动轴较为相符,且又可避免欧拉角应用时数学计算困难的一种方法,即用布里恩角来描述人体髖关节的定点运动。     

Modeling and simulating the dynamics of the “Death Star” shotgun target

Modern competitive shooting is a strenuous test of the human perceptual and motor systems. Like driving a race car or piloting a high performance aircraft, speed shooting matches require precise, rapid movements coordinated using a careful mixture of planning and reaction. In some disciplines of competitive shooting, this mixture is further complicated by complex moving targets. This paper develops a set of state space equations for a moving, reactive steel target used in professional 3-Gun competition. The equations for target motion are nonlinear, time-varying, and chaotic in certain regions of the state space. Once derived, the equations for target motion are validated against motion extracted from video. Then, the calibrated equations are implemented in real-time on a portable, laser-activated simulator. Applications of the simulation environment to marksmanship training and human motor control studies are also discussed.     

Colour-based rigid body tracking using three-dimensional graphics models

This paper introduces the first stage of a new model-based approach to three-dimensional (3D) human movement tracking. A ‘generate-and-test’ matching procedure was adopted by matching rendered images of a 3D computer graphics model of the human body to target images of rigid body motion. The set of pixels to be compared were just those corresponding to the model of the body in the rendered images. The matching criterion to optimize model position and orientation was based on the minimisation of the RGB (red-green-blue) colour difference between generated model images and associated target images. The method was able to track synthetic image sequences of a half twisting somersault accurately with root-mean-square (rms) errors of less than 5 mm and 0.3∘ for position and orientation estimates respectively. The suitability of the proposed approach for rigid body motion tracking was supported by additional tracking experiments on video image sequences of ‘wooden cross’ trajectories. Comparisons of tracked estimates against manual digitizing estimates returned relatively small rms difference values on both side somersault and twisting somersault movements. The proposed approach has the potential to track video images of a human torso using a rigid body model and hence to track articulated movements by successively adding segments to the model in a hierarchical manner.     

开拓体育文化研究的新领域——以探索身体运动对原始文化形成的作用为例

依托体育美学和体育人类学的理论与方法,倡导开拓体育文化研究的新领域。中华民族自源文字是目前世上唯一仍在使用的图画象形文字,对具有代表性、处于原生态的东巴文的研究成果众多,但未见从身体运动的角度探讨其形成过程的文献。对东巴文中有关身体运动的动词进行分类研究是初步尝试。借助体育科学中的人类动作发展理论,解释身体动作对文字形成的影响,有助于厘清一些有争议的重要学术假说,为田野调查的实证工作做好准备。     

Scapulothoracic kinematics during tennis forehand drive

Scapular dyskinesis is recognized as an abnormality in the kinetic chain; yet, there has been little research quantifying scapular motion during sport tasks. Tennis forehand drives of eight highly skilled tennis players were studied to assess the scapulothoracic kinematics and evaluate repeatability using video-based motion analysis. Scapulothoracic downward/upward rotation, posterior/anterior tilt, and internal/external rotation were computed using an acromial marker cluster. On average, the upward rotation, anterior tilt, and internal rotation varied from 1° to 26°, from 7° to 32°, and from 42° to 100°, respectively, during the tennis forehand drive. During the backswing and forward swing phases of the forehand stroke, small changes were observed for the three scapular angle values, while all angles increased rapidly during the follow-through phase. This suggests that the tennis forehand drive may contribute to scapula dyskinesis, mainly due to the great amplitude in scapulothoracic anterior tilt and internal rotation observed during the follow-through phase. Knowledge of normal scapula motion during sport tasks performed at high velocity could improve the understanding of various sport-specific adaptations and pathologies.     

Development of a markerless optical motion capture system for daily use of training in swimming

The main objective of this research was to develop a markerless optical motion capture system that can be used for daily use in swimming training. The butterfly stroke was targeted since it is considered bilaterally symmetric in motion. The system consisted of a segmentation process to obtain the participant’s silhouettes and a matching process to estimate the pose of the participant. A variable thresholding method was used to extract the silhouettes to solve non-uniform illumination in the recorded swimming video. Prior to the matching process, the human body was modeled as a series of nine segments to help the matching process. The model was then mapped so that it aligned with the silhouettes, which were investigated by similarity of intensity value. To minimize the degree of freedom in image matching, the available joint motion in the swimming human simulation model was used as a priori information for kinematics data of the swimming motion. As a result, the rotation angle’s correlation coefficients between the references and result of the matching process were around 0.95 for trunk, thigh, shank, upper arm, forearm, hand and 0.78 for head, hip and foot. The rotation angle and the velocity of the center of mass were put into the swimming human simulation model for a dynamics analysis. The simulation results show that the velocity obtained in the experiment corresponded to the fluid force exerted on the lower and upper limbs. Consequently, the proposed system of obtaining the joint motion of the butterfly stroke is suitable for daily training and coaching.     

人体疲劳的生物力学分析

对疲劳前后的两组纵跳中关节功率的变化及其与人体疲劳的关系进行了定量分析。纵跳动作用摄像机记录，录像资料用一套运动影像分析系统进行分析处理。纵跳中的地面反力由测力台进行测量。对两组动作中的关节功率进行了生物力学计算和比较。结果表明，关节功率能够明确地反映人体各部分的疲劳程度，是对人体疲劳进行定量描述的重要力学量。     

东方体育的本质

通过文献的分析,得出东方体育的内涵不仅包括现代体育所具有的人体肢体运动的内容,而且还包涵人体的呼吸运动、思维运动以及运动时时宜的环境、时间因素等本质属性。并指出发展东方体育将推动现代体育质的变化。