贫困大学生人格状况的实证研究

采用卡特尔16PF人格测验对某工科院校190名贫困大学生的16种人格因素的研究发现,该群体基本人格心理因素处于常态水平;在乐群性、兴奋性、敢为性因素上贫困大学生低于一般大学生.在乐群性、幻想性、紧张性人格因素中贫困大学生存在显著性别差异,女性高于男性,在稳定性因素上性别差异显著,男性高于女性;在乐群性和敏感性人格因素间专业差异,文史类高于于理工类;在敏感性、怀疑性和忧虑性等因素上地方差异显著,城镇类高于农村类.     

农业院校特困大学生的人格特征及教育对策

利用卡特尔十六种人格因素及其次元人格因素和特殊演算公式,通过测验其均值显著性检验结果的实证调查,发现农业院校中特困大学生在影响性、交际性、忧虑性、变革性、独立性、适应性与焦虑性、内向与外向性、感情用事与安详机警性、心理健康人格因素等方面,与非特困大学生存在显著差异。针对农业院校特困大学生人格特征,必须采取行之有效的教育对策以帮助他们完成学业,立志成才,做到帮困与育人相结合。     

健听大学生与听障大学生人格特征的比较研究

本研究采用问卷调查的方法考察了健听大学生与听障大学生在人格特点上的关系。结果发现 :两类大学生在 16种人格因素中有 4种人格因素差异显著 ,有 3种人格因素差异极其显著 ;在 16种人格因素的综合应用中 ,除新环境中成长能力因素外 ,其它 3种因素均差异显著。     

大学生心理障碍与人格因素关系的研究

本文采用“SCL－90”症状评定量表和卡特尔16种人格因素测验,对540句校大学生进行了问卷测试。以“SCL－90”症状因子分≥2．5作为心理障碍的评定起点,把心理障碍大学生与正常大学生的人格因素进行比较,结果表明除躯体化症状患者人格因素不存在显著差异外,心理障碍大学生在其他14个因素（除B和Q1）上与正常大学生均存在显著性差异。与症状因子呈显著性相关的人格因素为C（稳定性）、H（敢为性）、O（忧虑性）、Q4（紧迫性）。运用因素分析方法得出的结果表明,影响大学生心理健康的人格综合因素有四方面：1．情绪自控;2．情绪外射;3．人际技巧;4．敏感性。     

编辑专业大学生人格特征研究

运用卡特尔16种人格因素量表（16PF），对河南大学编辑专业99级13名男生30名女生进行测验，结果发现：编辑专业男生在有恒性、敏感性、幻想性、世故性等人格特征方面与常模存在差异；编辑专业女生在恃强性、兴奋性、敏感性、幻想性、世故性等人格特征方面与常模存在差异；男女生人格特征性别差异不显，但无论是男生或是女生，在人格特征上都需要进一步完善。     

性别与性格对大学生空间距离需求的影响分析

基于霍尔的四种人际空间距离模式理论,采用人格测验与现场实验相结合的方法,在不同性别组合的大学生中考察陌生人相处的首选距离.结果表明,主试(男、女)和被试(男、女)形成的四种性别组合并没有检验出人际空间距离需求上的差异;同时研究发现,内向型人格的被试与异性相处时对于人际空间距离的需求显著大于外向型人格的被试.     

蒙古族大学生存在的个性心理问题及对策

为了解蒙古族大学生人格特征和存在的个性心理问题,本文对170名蒙族大学生使用卡特尔16种人格因素测验进行测验调查,以实证为手段,通过逐项分析,发现了蒙古族大学生的人格特征中的许多优点和缺点,存在的问题。这对于提高民族地区大学生心理健康教育的针对性和实效性具有积极作用。     

学报编辑的人格特征研究

运用卡特尔 16种人格因素量表 (16PF) ,对河南省 4 0多所高校学报的 2 8名男编辑、2 1名女编辑进行测验 ,结果发现 :男性学报编辑在世故性、实验性、乐群性、敏感性、幻想性和忧虑性等人格特征方面与常模存在差异 ,女性学报编辑在有恒性、世故性、稳定性、幻想性等人格特征方面与常模存在差异 ,编辑人格特征性别差异不显著。但无论是男编辑或是女编辑 ,在人格特征上都需要进一步完善。     

当代军人与大学生人格特质的比较研究

运用Y－G人格测验量表对当代军人和大学生的人格特质，人格类型进行了比较研究。结果表明：当代军人大学生要产，突出的人格特质为乐观，自信，具有社会活动指导性，活泼，人际关系好。两个群体中均有一小部分人表现出主观性强，不易适应环境等人格特点。另外，两个群体中被试的人格类型均以稳定积极型为最多。军人与大学生相比，从人格特质上看，在神经质，攻击性，社会外向性方面表现出显差异。     

大学生坚韧人格和父母教养方式的关系研究

以513名大学生为被试,采用问卷调查的方法对大学生坚韧人格在人口学变量上的差异进行研究,同时也探究了父母教养方式与大学生坚韧人格之间的关系。结果表明大学生坚韧人格在性别、成长环境与专业上存在显著差异,在是否为独生子女上差异不显著。父母教养方式中父母情感温暖与大学生坚韧人格各个维度及其总分存在显著相关,父母拒绝与控制、挑战及坚韧总分存在显著负相关,母亲拒绝与投入存在显著负相关。父母情感温暖可以正向预测大学生的坚韧人格。     

少数民族预科大学生人格特征差异的比较研究

调查和了解少数民族大学生以及不同民族之间的人格特征和性别差异,为民族个性心理研究及少数民族大学生心理健康教育提供参考依据。采用16PF对来自全国48个少数民族2891名大学生进行统一心理测试。得出①少数民族大学生与全国常模比较,在兴奋性、敢为性、幻想性、忧郁性方面普遍高于常模,而在聪慧性、恃强性、有恒性、怀疑性、世故性、实验性方面低于常模,差异性很显著。②少数民族大学生在人格因素上存在性别差异,男性比女性更稳定、怀疑、独立,女性则比男性更乐群、兴奋、敏感、幻想、忧郁。③在不同少数民族大学生之间存在着人格和性别差异。     

高师生与综合性院校大学生卡特尔16PF人格测验与分析

采用卡特尔16PF人格测验量表,对洛阳师院和郑州大学共519名大学生人格特征和心理健康水平进行测试,结果显示:(1)所测大学生的人格特征和心理健康状况均处于正常水平;(2)两类大学的大学生相比较,在16种人格因素和8种次级因素上,少数个别因素有差异,其余均未达到显著水平;(3)男女性别之间作差异分析,人格特征显示出较大差异;(4)总体上有5.8%的学生心理不健康,其中高师生比例高于综合性院校.     

父母养育方式与大学生人格特质的相关研究

为了探讨父母养育方式与其子女人格特质之间的相互关系,采用父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)和卡特尔16项人格特质问卷(16PF)两种方式对146名大学生进行了测查,结果发现:1)父母不良的教养方式,如严厉惩罚、拒绝否认、过分干涉,与被试的稳定性、有恒性、敢为性、自律性呈显著负相关,与敏感性、忧虑性、紧张性呈显著正相关.2)父母良性教养方式,如温暖、理解、平等,与被试兴奋性、稳定性、敢为性呈显著正相关,与敏感性、世故性呈显著负相关.这一结果说明父母养育方式对其子女人格特质形成具有重要的影响.     

AN ATTITUDE STUDY OF STUDENTS IN A COMMUNITY COLLEGE,A STATE UNIVERSITY,AND A TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

The purpose of this study in college student culture was to determine whether students entering different types of postsecondary institutions have value systems and/or personality characteristics which differ according to the type of institution they select An assessment of the attitudes and traits students bring with them to college was made at a comprehensive state university, a technical institute, and a community college.

The 16 Personality Factors Test of the Institute for Personality and Ability Testing (16 PF of the IPAT) was administered to 269 students in selected freshman level mathematics classes at the three schools. Individual factor scores were used to compute group means for each type of school on the 16 personality factors. The t test applied to differences in group means revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) among groups on several factors. The results support the hypothesis that student personality factors are related to the type of college selected.

If further research as recommended by the authors reinforces these findings, there are implications for many areas of the educational experience; e.g., college selection, programming activities, choosing instructional methods, counseling.     

大学生网络成瘾与人格特质关系研究

采用Young编制的网络成瘾量表和卡特尔16PF量表,对随机整群选取的W市三所大学的285名大学生进行调查研究,并对调查数据进行统计分析.结果发现：有24名大学生为网络成瘾者（IAD）,IAD发生率为8.4%;在IAD者中,男生比女生要多,且存在显著性差异;IAD组和非IAD组在人格特质乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、有恒性、怀疑性、忧虑性、试验性、自律性、紧张性等几个方面存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）;人格特质中的忧虑性、乐群性、怀疑性、紧张性等四个特质纬度对网络成瘾具有较好的预测力.结论：大学生网络成瘾率为8.4%;大学生网络成瘾人数在性别方面存在显著性差异,在专业、年级间不存在显著性差异;网络成瘾组与非网络成瘾组在乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、有恒性、怀疑性、忧虑性、试验性、自律性、紧张性等几个方面存在显著性差异;忧虑性、乐群性、怀疑性、紧张性等人格因子影响大学生网络成瘾.     

College Course Grades for Dual Enrollment Students

This study compared college course grade outcomes, both during and after high school, of dual-enrollment students to those of traditional students. The study was based on a large, multiyear sample of Iowa high school and community college students. The results showed that while in high school, dual-enrollment students consistently outperformed traditional students in community college courses. However, much of the difference might be due to underlying differences in the two groups associated with the type of college the students chose to attend after high school (i.e., four-year vs. two-year). Dual enrollment students tended to perform about the same as traditional students in terms of post-high-school community college course grades. For students who enrolled in four-year institutions after high school, analyses of college course grade data suggested a small positive effect of dual enrollment on first-year college grade point average (GPA).     

道教学员16PF特征及其生活满意度研究

目的：了解道教学员的人格特征,及其生活满意度状况,通过对比为现代人生活提供借鉴．方法：采用16PF人格问卷和生活满意度量表（SWLS）对湖北武当山道教学院33名学员进行调查．结果：道教学员在16PF的9个维度均与大学生样本存在显著差异,具体表现为B（t=3．92 p〈0．00）、C（t=2．76 p〈0．01）、F（t=-3．19 p〈0．00）、G（t=2．67 p〈0．05）、H（t=2．80 p〈0．00）、L（t=-3．86 p〈0．00）、Q1（t=-4．58 p〈0．00）、Q2（t=-2．91 p〈0．00）、Q3（t=4．07 p〈0．00）;同时道教学员的生活满意度得分显著高于大学生样本（t=2．95,P〈0．01）;道教学员的积极情感显著高于大学生群体（t=3．55,P〈0．01）,其消极情感与大学生群体无显著差异．结论：道教学员人格特征在多个维度与一般大学生存在显著差异,他们生活满意度水平和积极情绪均显著高于后者。     

Increasing Access to Higher Education Among Low-Income Students: The Washington State Achievers Program

The purpose of this study was to assess how a comprehensive precollege intervention and developmental program among low-income high school students contributed to college enrollment outcomes measured in 2006. Our focus was on the Fifth Cohort of the Washington State Achievers (WSA) Program, which provides financial, academic, and college preparation support to 500 high school students who come from the lowest 35% of Washington state income levels. One important feature of the WSA Program is that it provided funding for complete high school curriculum reform among 16 Washington high schools that have a high prevalence of low-income students. The data set contained three groups of students from these 16 high schools: Funded Achievers who were part of the WSA Program and received funding for college; Nonfunded Achievers who were part of the WSA Program and but did not receive funding for college; and Nonrecipients who were neither part of the WSA Program nor received funding for college. Results from generalized multinomial logistic models found two trends (a) early and continuous financial support for college along with being active in the WSA Program nearly guarantees enrollment in college and increases enrollment in 4-year and highly selective colleges; and (b) even in the absence of financial support for college there are still quantifiable and positive effects on college-going for just participating in the WSA Program and receiving its abundant nonfinancial resources and support. These results persist even with strong controls for selection, background, academic, financial, aspiration, and school-level variables.     

Success in Algebra Among Community College Students

College algebra is a required course for most majors, but is viewed by many as a gatekeeper course for degree completion by students. With almost half a million students taking college algebra each year, faculty are experimenting with new course lengths of time that might result in higher success, completion, and retention rates for college algebra students. This article reports on a study of the traditional 16-week versus an 8-week course length in college algebra at a two-year Metropolitan Community College (MCC) in the United States. The study was to determine which course length of time, 8 weeks or 16 weeks, results in a higher proportion of students successfully completing the college algebra course. Also investigated were success rates among ethnicities, genders, and age groups. The study included 231 students in college algebra. Data were analyzed on four sections of the traditional 16-week courses and four sections of 8-week courses. In this study, success was measured as earning a grade of A, B, or C in the course. Understanding more about course lengths of time for college algebra can aid in increased understanding of time as a factor and, ultimately, may determine if students are more successful in 8-week or 16-week courses of instruction.     

失眠大学生依恋、孤独感的对照研究

为了探讨失眠大学生与健康大学生依恋、孤独感的差异,采用关系问卷RQ、亲密关系经历量表ECR以及情感与社交孤独量表ESL对178名健康大学生和87名失眠大学生进行量表测试．结果显示：1）失眠大学生与健康大学生依恋类型的分布存在显著差异,在依恋方式的焦虑和回避两维度上也存在显著差异;2）失眠大学生与健康大学生情感孤独无明显差异,但社交孤独和总体孤独存在显著差异;3）相关及回归分析表明,孤独因子与依恋回避、依恋焦虑水平显著相关,社交孤独与依恋焦虑对睡眠质量有较大影响．认为孤独感、依恋方式与大学生失眠情况存在关联,失眠大学生社交孤独、依恋回避水平显著高于健康大学生,高水平的依恋回避和社交孤独可视为失眠大学生的2个人格特征．