论修辞过程中的语境制约性

语境和修辞存在着一种互动关系。语境制约着说写者的话语组织、建构,同时也制约着听读者对话语的理解。在修辞过程中,修辞行为要和各种语境因素相一致。说写者必须根据语境来建构话语和调节话语。听读者也必须根据语境来理解话语,根据语境的变化来完善对话语信息的准确把握。     

试论语境在话语中的作用

语境在话语中有很重要的作用，话语的使用和理解都有一定的前提，同一话语在不同的语言环境中，都有不同的理解；话语受语境的制约，应当根据语境因素去确定恰当的表达内容和表达方式；将有歧义的语音、词汇和句子放到一定语境中去，歧义也就消除了。     

语境、关联与意义

话语意义的理解依赖于语境。关联理论认为交际中的语境是动态的，对话语意义的理解在于交际者在认知语境中寻找关联。语境对意义的理解有积极的作用，它能帮助消除歧义、理解话语的隐含意义、修辞意义以及具有文化含义的语言。     

语境与语用理解

关联理论主张用关联原则来解释人类的交际活动。关联理论把语境看作是变项，把交际活动看作是利用语境假设来研究话语内容的学科。这里的语境假设可以理解为产生于人们的认知语境，即人们对情景知识(具体场合)、语言上下支知识(工作记忆)和背景知识(知识结构)的认知。在语言交际过程中，人们常利用认知语境中的内容来对话语进行理解和推导，有助于人们对文学作品的理解和欣赏。     

语境的要素研究与话语认知互动分析

从语境要素中的上下文、言语交际发生的行为环境及场景和认知环境三个方面来探讨话语的语境意义及其动态特征，并证实语境在语言中是动态的而不是静态的，对理解和推导话语含义具有指导作用。     

浅论认知语境与修辞教学——之话语理解

认知修辞学是从认知角度研究的崭新的修辞学。修辞教学的过程就是教师培养学生修辞建构和话语理解的过程。教师应该让学生明白,在交际中,对语境的正确认知直接影响着话语理解的效果。作者从认知的角度深化了语境的定义,接着阐述了对修辞话语理解的过程就是发话者和受话者双方不断补充和扩大认知语境,然后受话者根据关联的准则推导和确定话语意义的过程。并在结论中做出了理解过程中认知语境动态的扩大过程图示,便于教师在修辞教学中帮助学生在认知语境中明白话语理解的过程。     

认知语境和隐喻表达

认知语境是内化于大脑中的一系列语境因素,以及在此基础上形成的认知推理能力。认知语境理论是对传统语境理论的深化和发展,而隐喻不仅是一种修辞方式,更是一种思维方式。要正确地理解隐喻表达,就要寻求双方共有的认知语境,去理解话语的真实含义。     

从语用学的角度看语境对意义理解的作用

语境是言语交际所依赖的环境.语境影响和制约语义,影响交际双方话语的表达和理解.语境分为语言语境和非语言语境.语境对意义理解具有制约、解释作用.因此,人们使用语言进行交际时要注意在适当的时间和场合使用适当的语言.     

英语中词语的超常规搭配与语境

词语的超常规搭配是为了语言的某种语用修辞效果而刻意创造的,要想正确地把握和理解这种偏离常规的搭配所创造的修辞效果,就必须根据语言的内部语境和外部语境。语言之所以表情达意,是和语境分不开的。本文就如何根据语境来理解这种让人产生新鲜刺激感的异常搭配进行探讨。     

语境对话语信息的补足

语境信息是制和影响言语交际的重要因素之一，无论是口语还是书面语，接受对表达话语中的省略成分和潜在信息，要达到表层和深层的完全理解，都不能不依赖语境信息去补足。在补足理解的过程中，语言语境利用语言要素，把省略成分内部信息的提示线索，扩展成丰富的语用信息，非语言语境外延很广，它们往往只有一部分对省略成分起着补足作用；潜在信息是潜藏于编码形式之内或之外的信息，有时它可以通过语言语境去传递和补足，有时，它又必须通过语言编码形式同非语言语境的联系才能理解。语言语境对话语的补足呈现出单一性、局部性、言辞性等特点，非语言语境则具有丰富性、多层性、可变性等特点。     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.     

钱生钱!

我们绝大部分人都同意一件事情——我们喜欢金钱。但是你对金钱的喜欢之情足够到让你创立一份事业么?.财富通常被人忽视,主要在于人们不能真正了     

Inequalities for inscribed simplexes

The problem on the geometrc inequalities involving an n-dimensional simplex and its inscribed simplex is studied. Aninequality is established, which reveals that the difference between the squared circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex andthe squared distance between its circumcenter and barycenter times the squared circumradius of its inscribed simplex is not lessthan the 2(n-1)th power of n times its squared inradius, and is equal to when the simplex is regular and its inscribed siplex is atangent point one. Deduction from this inequality reaches a generalization of n-dimensional Euler inequality indicating that thecircumradius of the simplex is not less than the n-fold inradius. Another inequality is derived to present the relationship betweenthe circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex and the circumradius and inradius of its pedal simplex.