University as vocational education: working‐class students’ expectations for university

Labor market conditions, a pervasive public discourse about the benefits of higher education, and parental hopes push many young working‐class people into university. The institutional culture and demands of university, however, often remain elusive and fraught with uncertainty. In this paper, I draw on qualitative interviews with first‐generation, working‐class students at a Canadian university to analyze the ways in which these students discuss their reasons to attend and their expectations for university, and the implications of their attitudes for their future success at university. Analysis of the interview data shows how the relatively high and risky investment of working‐class youth in education leads to strong utilitarian and vocational orientations toward university. Although a narrow focus on the career potential of university is generally perceived as problematic, I argue that it may also help working‐class students in their transition to university. Nonetheless, a critical educational process is necessary that not only helps working‐class students achieve their educational and occupational goals, but also understand their unique status in a social institution that they entered as outsiders.     

Skills for sale: what is being commodified in higher education?

‘Commodification’ is a sociological term that has become widely adopted as part of the higher education lexicon. It has been argued that an increased emphasis on the commercial relevance of university courses is anathema to the values of the academy, resulting from the widespread adoption of neo‐liberal policies towards education. This article will discuss the use of the word commodification in this context, with particular emphasis on its economic roots. It will identify three models of commodification derived from the literature and use these to attempt an understanding of what it is that universities are selling. Finally, the article will examine the use of the term commodification within the broader debate about the purpose of higher education.     

反思大学教育目的的两种倾向

新世纪,大学在社会发展中的地位越来越重要,大学成为社会关注的焦点。然而,大学教育中存在的诸多问题,迫使我们不得不对大学教育的目的进行反思,大学教育目的的功利化、工具化倾向,是造成当今大学问题的重要原因。惟有纠正这两种倾向,将教育的目的转向人,关注人的成长,才能使大学教育焕发生机和活力。     

析工具主义视角下的大学生考证热

近年来,大学校园里持续升温的考证热,带着明显的工具主义色彩。大学生考证热有其外部、内部的原因,这些原因导致的考证目的、过程、结果都有工具主义表现。工具主义考证热带来了一定的负面影响:学生精神世界匮乏,专业课学习受到影响等,最后,对扭转这些负面影响进行了思考。     

中美高等教育学硕士研究生培养制度比较研究——基于厦门大学与哈佛大学的案例分析

厦门大学与哈佛大学的高等教育学硕士研究生培养步骤或环节设置基本一致,都包括对招生制度、培养目标、修业年限、课程教学、实践实习、学位论文等的规定。但哈佛大学的硕士生教育中没有关于科学研究和学位论文的要求,而且具体到其他各个环节中,两国也各有侧重和特色。究其原因在于中美两国硕士研究生教育的性质、定位不同。也正因如此,我们并不能简单地比较两国硕士研究生培养制度孰优孰劣。但参考并借鉴美国一些成熟的制度经验对我国研究生教育来说也不无裨益。     

Social life for sale! A critical discourse analysis of the concept of student life on Danish university websites

This paper aims to investigate the marketization of higher education (HE) as it manifests itself in the concept of Student life on Danish HE websites. Taking Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis as its starting point, this paper critically examines this particular practice of marketization by making a single-case study of the pages called Student life at the biggest university in Denmark, Copenhagen University (CU). The findings show that these page elements of social life are intensively and routinely used to soften up the more demanding aspects of being a university student, and that this involves a significant positive evaluation of life as a university student. The paper addresses the potential problems related to the findings in order to contribute to further discussion and reflection upon issues centred around the marketization of HE on university websites and around the construction of what it means to be a student today.     

教与学中的实用主义

实用主义是杜威教育思想的精髓,是现代西方哲学的主要流派之一,在20世纪前半叶的中国产生了巨大的影响。本文通过将实用主义与教育相结合,从学校、教材、教学方法、课程、社会五个视角阐述了杜威实用主义教育思想的具体体现,说明了这五个方面在教与学中的主导作用。     

西南联大学生自治研究——以学生自治会为中心的考察

学生自治作为西南联大学生的管理方式,既是联大民主精神的重要体现,也是影响联大学生生活与学校发展的一条重要脉络。西南联大学生自治会是最能代表该校学生自治面貌的学生组织之一,其内部结构主要由权力机关、执行机关、监察机关构成。通过对联大学生自治会的分析可以看出,联大学生自治具有组织性、自发性、相对独立性、发展性和兼顾性的特点。同时,其自治在服务学生学习和生活、促进学生个体发展、协助学校发展建设、维系联大民主精神、改良当地社会风气方面发挥了重要作用。     

Education as a ‘risky business’: Theorising student and teacher learning in complex times

This paper employs sociological literature on risk and the commodification of education to explain current schooling practices in a context of increased concerns about students’ behaviour and results on standardised tests of achievement. Drawing upon teacher and student learning practices in three school sites in south-east Queensland, Australia, the article reveals how specific tests, packages and programmes have been employed as technologies of governance to minimise the risk of adverse student behaviour, maximise student outcomes on standardised tests, and provide teachers with discrete learning experiences construed as improving such outcomes. The sum total of these foci is the construction of education as an increasingly ‘risky business’ which employs a myriad of products and tests to manage perceived and actual risks. The paper also reveals how these products and processes constitute student misbehaviour and inadequate teacher and student learning as ‘risk objects’ requiring constant intervention, but which also inhibit inclusion in schooling settings, and challenge teachers’ professionalism.     

高校学生教育创新问题探讨

高等教育创新是围绕提高大学生的知识与能力的综合性而提出的。随着我国经济发展水平的提高及对高素质人才需求的加大,教育创新在提高大学生知识与能力的综合性,增强学生的社会适应能力等方面将是非常重要的。     

科学教育发展观与学生主体论

科学发展观的本质问题是经济社会和人的发展协调统一,发展必须以人为本。具体体现到高等教育事业和高等学校管理上,必须树立学生主体理念,坚持以培养合格人才为根本任务,注重个性发展,充分尊重学生人格尊严和主体意识,不断满足学生全面发展的需要。     

转型期我国大学生事务管理中紧迫问题调查研究

随着我国社会经济的转型,高等教育的大众化发展,大学生事务管理问题日益凸现。本研究在查阅国内外大量相关文献的基础上,结合访谈法,设计并修订"转型期我国大学生事务管理中的紧迫问题调查问卷",并采用该问卷对来自全国各地的50名学生事务管理者、学生事务工作者和大学生进行了调查研究。研究结果表明:"就业指导"、"心理咨询"、"思想政治工作"、"学术指导"、"理论基础"和"专业队伍建设"这六个问题是当前我国大学生事务管理中存在的紧迫问题。     

浅谈加强成人高等教育的学生管理工作

结合成人高等教育学生的特点及现状,本文从建立”以人为本”的管理制度;加强日常学生管理,树立”以人为本”的服务理念;提升辅导员队伍的综合素质三个方面进行论述来探讨如何加强成人高等教育的学生管理工作。     

新时期高校学生工作机制的构建与完善

随着高等教育的快速发展和高校内部管理体制改革的不断深入。高校学生工作的内涵和要求发生了很大变化。在新形势下建立和完善学风培育机制、素质拓展机制、解困助学机制、毕业生就业联动机制、网络教育管理机制、社区工作机制等,有助于保持学生工作系统的良性运转。最大限度地发挥其教育、管理、服务功能,实现育人目标。     

美国教师教育项目中教师品性评价的实施

为了培养优秀的教师候选人,美国教师教育项目开展了教师品性评价。该评价贯穿于教师候选人的整个学习和实习期间,旨在使教师候选人的品性在不断的反馈中得到充分发展。美国各高校教师教育项目对教师候选人的成功至关重要的品性评价内容进行界定。评价所使用的方法包括行为检核表、评价量表、访谈和品性反思文章。品性评价的实施涉及教师品性评价介绍课程、签订教师品性评价协议、四次主要评价、不定时的评价和评价结果的应用。教师品性的改进采用发挥教授和导师的模范作用、教师品性研讨会、品性改进课程和PDR-PREP方法等途径。     

虚拟学习环境在高等特殊教育教学领域的应用之COSE系统简介

本文就虚拟学习环境在高等特殊教育教学领域应用的案例,即COSE系统做简要的描述。首先,介绍系统的开发背景以及COSE系统的主要功能;其次,COSE系统在应用于特殊教育教学领域时的运行机制;最后,通过对COSE系统在英国部分大学的应用案例进行简单的介绍和评价,并展望虚拟学习环境在中国特殊教育教学领域的应用前景。