北方高校开设滑雪课程的实践研究

通过对北方高校冬季开设的滑雪课程的情况进行调查分析,发现高校学生对滑雪课的兴趣非常浓厚,由于经济条件、教育资源、开设时间等多方而的制约,北方只有少数高校开设滑雪课,通过研究旨在拓展大学生冬季体育课程领域,以适应现代社会对高校体育的新要求.     

高校滑雪课程开展的现状与对策

滑雪运动从贵族运动走向平民百姓,标志着大众滑雪的开始,高校滑雪课程是普及大众滑雪的重要途径。但是近几年高校滑雪课程开设、开展过程曲折反复,其中的原因是多方面的。存在的主要问题有主管部门领导对滑雪课程认识不够充分、滑雪课程安全防范不足、滑雪课程教学体系不完善、任课教师技能有待提高等。通过对滑雪课程的现状与相关问题的深入分析,提出相应的发展对策,以期为高校滑雪课程普及提供借鉴和帮助,保障滑雪课程的顺利开展,促进滑雪运动的全面发展。     

黑龙江省高校冬季开设滑雪必修课程的构想

黑龙江省是冰雪资源大省,黑龙江省高校是实现全国“3亿人参与冰雪运动”宏伟目标的领跑者。黑龙江省许多普通高校都已经开设了滑雪选修课,急需一些高校去开设滑雪必修课程,开设滑雪必修课程是一种必然趋势,也更符合时代对冰雪体育的需求。黑龙江省高等院校冬季开设滑雪必修课程符合国家政策与学生未来发展的要求和实现课内与课外、校外活动一体化的需求,气候条件、滑雪场所和师资力量能满足教学要求;但经济条件的限制,教学理念的偏差,教学管理体制落后等因素制约了滑雪必修课程的开设。提出利用学校场馆资多方筹资解决滑雪课程开设的资金,改革体育教学管理模式为滑雪教学提供便利,建立课内外一体化教学模式等措施以确保滑雪课程达到预期的教学目标。     

高山滑雪教学质量提高的途径

在北方高校普及高山滑雪是适应新一轮的学校教育课程改革的需要。针对如何提高高山滑雪课的教学质量进行研究,认为大学生的恐惧与自卑心理、对以往受伤事故的再现、身体素质与运动能力差,教师缺乏对高山滑雪运动的相关理论知识的系统讲解、运用教材与传授技能的方法不当,以及选择教学场地与器材不当是制约高山滑雪教学质量的主要因素。提出制定合理的教学计划,加强课堂纪律性和教学组织;选择合理的教学内容,提高运动素质;明确学习的目标,消除恐惧心理;合理运用教材和正确的示范与讲解等途径提高高山滑雪教学的质量。     

多媒体教学在北方高校滑雪课中的应用

由于滑雪课教学难度相对较大,如何高质量地完成滑雪课的教学任务是北方高校体育教师们长期在探究的课题.多媒体应用于滑雪课教学之中,具有激发了学生的学习热情、丰富了滑雪课的教学内容、提高了学生们自主探究的学习能力、加速了学生对滑雪技能的正确掌握等教学优势;同时也表现出不能及时与教学现场的运动实践密切结合、教师的多媒体运用能力影响和限制了多媒体教学的整体水平、多媒体教学硬件设施缺乏,课件单一等不足.提出转变观念、更新教学模式,加强课堂互动、调动学生学习积极性,提高教师综合素质,增强多媒体教学的科学化水平,加大资金投入、改善多媒体教学硬件设施环境等应对措施提高滑雪课教学质量.     

黑龙江省普通高校开设滑雪课程现状及制约因素的分析

运用问卷调查法、访谈法、文献资料法等对黑龙江省普通高校开设滑雪课程的现状进行调查分析。结果表明：只有6所高校开设滑雪课程,制约黑龙江省普通高校开展滑雪课程的诸多因素,并针对现状提出建议,为普及滑雪课程提供参考。     

哈尔滨市普通高校开设滑雪选修课的影响因素分析

通过文献资料、专家访问等研究方法,对哈尔滨市高校雪上运动的现状、开设的课程管理的形式等进行研究,发现哈尔滨市内的高校开设滑雪课程尚处于研究与探索阶段。通过对哈尔滨市内高校滑雪课程的现状分析,发现哈尔滨市少数几所高校已开设滑雪课,大部分高校已准备开设滑雪课,但在实际操作过程中存在一定的困难。旨在找出阻碍滑雪课在普通高校开展的因素并提出相应的建议使滑雪课在普通高校推广普及,为北方地区高校开展滑雪课提供参考建议。     

辽宁省高校开设滑雪课的可行性分析

辽宁省位于中国东北地区,在高校开设滑雪课前景较为乐观。对滑雪课在辽宁省高校开展的可行性进行分析,认为安全问题、经济因素和时间安排上的冲突是开展滑雪课的制约因素;自然条件及滑雪场地、师资基础和学生兴趣等是辽宁省高校开设滑雪课的优势条件,为滑雪课在辽宁省的开设提供理论基础。     

高山滑雪初级教学应注意的问题

高校开展高山滑雪教学对培养大学生滑雪的兴趣、爱好,以及锻炼行的养成,达到娱乐与健身的目的具有重要作用。由于高校缺乏统一的高山滑雪教材,对开设的滑雪初级教学中存在的一些问题未能寞现有效的共性认识,严重制约了滑雪运动在高校的普及与发展。提出在高山滑雪初级教学中应注意使大学生了解高山滑雪板的结构与性能,学会选用不同类型的高山滑雪板;选择合适的高山滑雪鞋与固定器,固定器的强度要求指标控制在4～5kg为好;高山滑雪服与滑雪杖的选用时注重性价比等问题,探索提高冬季高山滑雪教学质量之策。     

对我校开设滑雪课程的现状分析与对策研究

通过对黑龙江省高校及我校滑雪课程的现状的分析,得出相应的结论并提出建议与对策,旨在升华我校的滑雪课教学水平,为我校争创世界一流大学服务.为北方地区高校开设滑雪课积累经验.     

对我国高等院校体育俱乐部的研究

越来越多的高校以体育俱乐部的形式进行了教学改革,但目前对高校体育俱乐部的研究存在着概念模糊、分类不准确、定性不明确等问题,结合理论与实践对以上问题进行了分析,并提出了自己的见解。     

Changes in repeated-sprint performance in relation to change in locomotor profile in highly-trained young soccer players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While ?RSb were related to ?MSS and ?body mass (r² = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), ?RSm was also correlated with ?MAS and ?sum of 7 skinfolds (r² = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between ?%Dec and ?MAS (r² = 0.02 [?0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial ?MSS and ?MAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for ?RSm, respectively. Finally, ?ASR per se was not predictive of ?RSm (Cohen’s = +0.8 to ?0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of ?RSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor ?RS performance.     

武汉市城镇居民体育消费现状的调查与分析

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对武汉市居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明:居民对体育的功能和作用有深刻认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费的绝对水平较10年前大幅增长,但相对水平涨幅不大。     

2004年上海市竞技体育后备人才运动成绩比较分析

运用文献资料、专家访谈和数理统计研究方法,对上海市二、三线运动员2004年参加全国比赛前三名的成绩进行分析,并与部分省市二、三线运动员成绩比较。结果表明:上海市竞技体育后备人才部分项目在全国保持一定优势,但后备人才严重匮乏;未来几年比赛夺金人员缺乏;部分项目与其它省市有较大的差距;其它省市对上海优势项目构成较大威胁。     

Physiotherapy in Critical Care in Australia

A physiotherapist is part of the multidisciplinary team in most intensive care units in Australia. Physiotherapists are primary contact practitioners and use a comprehensive multisystem assessment that includes the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems to formulate individualized treatment plans. The traditional focus of treatment has been the respiratory management of both intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. However, the emerging evidence of the longstanding physical impairment suffered by survivors of intensive care has resulted in physiotherapists re-evaluating treatment priorities to include exercise rehabilitation as a part of standard clinical practice. The goals of respiratory physiotherapy management are to promote secretion clearance, maintain or recruit lung volume, optimize oxygenation, and prevent respiratory complications in both the intubated and spontaneously breathing patient. In the intubated patient, physiotherapists commonly employ manual and ventilator hyperinflation and positioning as treatment techniques whilst in the spontaneously breathing patients there is an emphasis on mobilization. Physiotherapists predominantly use functional activities for the rehabilitation of the critically ill patient in intensive care. While variability exists between states and centers, Australian physiotherapists actively treat critically ill patients targeting interventions based upon research evidence and individualized assessment. A trend toward more emphasis on exercise rehabilitation over respiratory management is evident.Key Words: physiotherapy, intensive care     

论新生活运动正当娱乐中的体育

新生活运动历时15年,涉及到了国民生活的方方面面。娱乐作为生活的重要组成部分,也受到新生活运动的影响。为了纠正社会上根深蒂固的“烟”、“赌”和“娼”等不良风气,新生活运动组织十分重视对正当娱乐的提倡,对体育尤为重视。蒋介石本人在新生活运动周年纪念大会上专门提到过体育问题。体育活动曾被作为新生活运动的年度中心工作或者工作要点来开展。虽然最后对体育的提倡没有达到十分理想的效果,但确实引导了国民的健康观念。新生活运动组织还培养了数量不多的体育人员,为近代体育的发展注入了动力。     

Changes in leg kinematics in response to unpredictability in lateral jump execution

Abstract

Lateral movements like cutting are essential in many team sport disciplines. The aim of the present study was to analyse adaptations in motor control in response to task unpredictability during lateral movement execution. Twelve subjects performed lateral jumps with different landing modalities (stable, sliding or counteracting) that were either known (predictable setting) or unknown (unpredictable setting) prior to movement execution. Results revealed that regardless of the landing modality, hip joint abduction was significantly greater in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. Furthermore, during the sliding landing modality, hip flexion decreased from 211 ± 7° to 207 ± 7° and knee flexion decreased from 26 ± 4° to 24 ± 4° at the instant of ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable condition. During the stable landing modality, the knee joint abduction increased from ?0.3 ± 6° to ?3 ± 6° after initial ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. The present results support our hypothesis that pre-programmed motor activity depends on the predictability of the landing modality during lateral movements. According to its adaptation in the frontal plane and in some extent in the sagittal plane, the hip joint seems to play the major role in the modulation of the pre-programmed activity for successful lateral jump execution in an unpredictable setting. However, these kinematic adaptations are concerning since these changes were associated with higher knee abduction during the stable landing modality and therefore with possible higher risk of injury.     

论面向21世纪高等医学院校的体育改革

面对21世纪,高等医学院校体育教育改革应给学生全方位的体育教育,尤其要结合医学专业特点,提高选择和制定运动处方及指导监督他人体育健身康复的能力。     

“体育强市”视域下上海市公共体育服务研究

公共体育服务是上海“体育强市”建设的基础支撑.“十一五”时期,上海市公共体育服务制度化建设逐渐加强,便民化设施不断增多,系列化活动初具规模,但仍面临着“制度设计”执行不力、“多元主体”供给失衡、“以需定供”尚未畅通等困境.在建设“体育强市”的过程中,应夯实公共体育服务基础,丰富公共体育服务内涵,培育公共体育服务多元主体,构建公共体育服务评价机制.