残酷的美与超脱——浅析《夜莺与玫瑰》中的超脱型唯美主义意识

英国19世纪著名作家王尔德是唯美主义运动的代表人物,他一生以丰富多样的创作实践大力倡导"为艺术而艺术"的唯美主义思想。本文从人物、语言、结局三方面对王尔德童话代表作《夜莺与玫瑰》进行分析,以解读这位唯美主义才子在这部童话中所表达的唯美主义思想,以及他对世纪末无序文学创作所表现出来的唯美主义超脱意识。     

从儿童视角看王尔德童话中唯美的死亡

奥斯卡·王尔德是19世纪唯美主义的代表作家,他在文学史上享有盛名。他的两部童话集《快乐王子与其他故事集》和《石榴之家》一直被视为展现其唯美主义形式的典范。童话中的死亡主题更是完美诠释了他的唯美主义艺术观,这种与唯美主义相契合的死亡可称之为唯美的死亡。从儿童的视角解读王尔德的童话,唯美的死亡能让儿童减少对死亡的恐惧并正确接受死亡,有助于儿童对基督的爱与救赎的接受。     

浅论张承志创作中的唯美倾向

唯美主义主张"为艺术而艺术",强调纯美的艺术形式营构、对自我人性的充分肯定和对世俗的睥睨对抗。张承志的小说创作,以其诗画美与音乐美交融的艺术形式、张扬完满人性和疏离世俗人生的生命态度,与唯美主义创作理念不期而遇,体现出明显的唯美主义倾向。但是他的这种倾向又不同于西方和中国二三十年代的唯美主义,他没有表现颓废、享乐的思想,在他的作品中充满着对人性、人道的追求以及对生命、自然的热爱。这些都使得他具有一种超然的气质。     

浅议王尔德童话里的唯美主义阐释

王尔德是唯美主义的倡导者,也是唯美主义的实践者。他的童话塑造了唯美的艺术形象,讲述着爱、美与艺术的故事,也不可避免地打上了时代的烙印,进行着一定的道德阐释。笔者从分析王尔德童话的创作背景与唯美主义观点开始,通过三个侧重点,挖掘王尔德的唯美主义观点在其童话中的具体体现,进而揭示唯美主义与现实性的关系。     

独特的华丽——浅析徐志摩小说中的唯美主义色彩

徐志摩曾经留学欧美,从他的小说中也可见外国文学对其创作的深刻影响。本文从比较文学的角度,具体分析徐志摩的小说文本,阐述他在创作中受到了欧洲唯美主义文学的影响,他的小说具有唯美主义色彩的文风和特色。     

论王尔德童话的唯美主义特征

奥斯卡·王尔德是十九世纪唯美主义的杰出代表,他以自身的创作实践了唯美主义的艺术主张,对二十世纪欧洲文学乃至世界文学影响深远。他的童话更是以美轮美奂的情境和蕴含于其中的深刻哲理流传至今。其童话以唯美主义原则为表征,追求纯粹的艺术美,强调形式的创新和艺术手法的运用,在吸收和发扬了传统民间文学的基础上营造出充满趣味的意境。旨在通过对王尔德童话的分析挖掘出作者对传统民间故事的叙事手法的继承和发展、象征手法的运用以及他对文学语言效果的创新三个方面对唯美主义思想的实践与超越。     

花一般的罪恶——论邵洵美的唯美主义艺术实践

本文从创作和批评两个层面分别对邵洵美的唯关主义艺术实践予以解读。唯美主义诗歌创作、具有唯美色彩的印象主义批评和翻译一起,构成了邵洵美唯美主义艺术实践的基石,也使得他成为中国现代文学史上最为热情的唯美主义艺术的传道士。     

奥斯卡·王尔德唯美主义中的悲剧色彩

王尔德对现实不满,想摆脱生活对作品的束缚,追求唯美主义,但是他又始终无法摆脱社会现实的影响,所以他作品中的唯美主义都带有一种悲剧色彩.笔者以王尔德童话<快乐王子>、<夜莺与玫瑰>和长篇小说<道林·格雷的画像>为文本对象,分析了王尔德唯美主义作品中的悲剧色彩及成因.     

论王尔德作品中的唯美主义思想

唯美主义是西方文学发展史上不可或缺的一笔.文章首先对唯美主义出现的历史背景进行了分析,接着通过对唯美主义代表人物奥斯卡·王尔德的思想及相关作品的具体剖析,来表现其作品中所蕴含着的唯美主义元素.王尔德对美、对艺术的极致追求,充分地反映在他的两部代表作<道林·格雷的画像>和<莎乐美>上.     

《道林格雷的画像》中王尔德对唯美主义的追求

王尔德一生追求唯美主义,长篇小说《道林格雷的画像》集中体现了他对唯美主义的追求,唯美主义追求感官的享受,反对功利主义,关心事物之间的关联感应,善于运用象征手法,王尔德认为艺术应该是永恒的、纯粹的,为艺术而艺术。小说中人物的设置、情节的安排和景物的描写深度诠释了王尔德唯美主义的思想。     

Community Knowledge,Beliefs, Attitudes,and Practices towards Children with Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus in Uganda

This article describes the findings of a qualitative study on knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices towards children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus in four regions of Uganda. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were held with parents of children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus, policy-makers, and service providers. Our findings describe how negative knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices create barriers to treatment and inclusion of children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus and their parents in Uganda. The findings show how knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices evolve over time, are both similar and differ in the various regions, and become more conducive towards accessing treatment and achieving inclusion. Sensitisation and early intervention including parents and service providers in dissemination of knowledge, rehabilitative care to set the trend for positive change and support, as well as longitudinal studies of children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus and their parents are recommended.     

创新源于实践

从理性上分析了文化的知识、思维、方法和精神4个层面的内涵及其相互关系。并提出学习和知识，思考和思维，实践和方法三者的关系。其中学习、知识是基础，思考、思维是关键，实践、方法是根本。创新来源于实践，一切文化来源于实践。在素质教育中应处理好学习、思考和实践的关系。     

Fantasm: The triumph of form (an essay on the democratic sublime)

This essay attempts to counter the dreariness of postmodern critique and culture by locating the vital force of phantasy, rhetoric, argument, hope, and memory in contemporary public affairs. More particularly, it engages recent controversies about collective memory and the FDR memorial statue especially to generate a greater sensitivity to the fact that we are agents (and not just dupes) of history. The body, symbolic and material, is a core site for the history, theory, and practice of democracy, I argue, and is the hard kernel of collective identification and division. Methodologically, the essay fuses Aristotle and Lacan's ideas about phantasy as a perceptual device, which gages and creates public and personal desire, as an analytic frame for the study of public discourse.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Richard Edwards and Robin Usher, Globalisation and Pedagogy: Space, place and identity
Jackie Brine, Educating Women: Globalizing Inequality
David Carr, Professionalism and Ethics
Andrew Pollard and Ann Filer, The Social World of Pupil Career: Strategic Biographies through Primary School
Bernard Crick, Essays on Citizenship
Mike Bottery and Nigel Wright, Teachers and the State: Towards a Directed Profession
Stephen Heathorn, For Home, Country and Race: Constructing Gender, Class and Englishness in the Elementary School 1880-1914
Jane M. Page, Reframing the Early Childhood Curriculum: Educational Imperatives for the Future
Leslie P. Steffe and Patrick W. Thompson (eds), Radical Constructivism in Action
Patricia Broadfoot, Marilyn Osborne, Clare Planel and Keith Sharpe, Promoting Quality in Learning – Does England have the Answer?
Claire Cameron, Peter Moss and Charlie Owen, Men in the Nursery: Gender and Caring Work
Mike Cole (ed), Education, Equality and Human Rights
R. Alexander, P. Broadfoot and D. Phillips, Learning from Comparing: New Directions in Comparative Educational Research , Volume 1 Contexts, Classrooms and Outcomes
OECD, Learning to Bridge the Digital Divide     

Ethanol-glycerin fixation with thymol conservation: a potential alternative to formaldehyde and phenol embalming

Anatomical fixation and conservation are required to prevent specimens from undergoing autolysis and decomposition. While fixation is the primary arrest of the structures responsible for autolysis and decomposition, conservation preserves the state of fixation. Although commonly used, formaldehyde has been classified as carcinogenic to humans. For this reason, an adequate substitute was developed. Ethanol-glycerin fixation and thymol conservation are described and compared with formaldehyde and phenol in this technical report. The setup, tissue qualities, financial aspects, and health concerns of this method are discussed. Ethanol-glycerin fixation and thymol conservation provide outstanding haptic and optic tissue qualities. Typical formaldehyde and phenol effects, such as skin, airway, and eye irritation, as well as carcinogenic effects, can be circumvented by using ethanol-glycerin and thymol instead. Ethanol-glycerin fixation is more expensive than formaldehyde and requires an explosion-proof facility. However, the absence of health effects and its convincing tissue qualities balance these higher costs. Therefore, ethanol-glycerin fixation and thymol conservation provide a potential alternative and complement established fixation techniques. The use of carcinogenic formaldehyde and toxic phenol can be effectively restricted through the use of the described method.     

我国大学制度变革中的价值差异及调适路径

构建现代大学制度的过程就是对现行大学制度不断变革和完善的过程。大学制度变革要面临大学与政府、大学与社会、大学内部学术与行政之间的价值差异,具体表现为自治与控制、超越与适应、自由与秩序之间的价值差异。每一种价值都有其局限性和合理性,不能简单地肯定一个而否定另外一个。自治、超越、自由是基于大学本位的价值追求,因此要以自治、超越、自由为重心,通过大学制度创新调整大学与政府、大学与社会、学术与行政之间的关系,寻求自治与控制、超越与适应、自由与秩序之间的平衡。     

“This Is How You Hetero:” Sexual Minorities in Heteronormative Sex Education

The efficacy of sex education has been questioned, as students participate in high rates of unsafe sex after completion. Without exploring various sexual minority (SM) identities (e.g., gay, lesbian, and bisexual) and forms of sex, sex education may be especially unhelpful for SMs by perpetuating the heteronormative (i.e., assuming heterosexuality is normal) environment they typically experience. In the present qualitative study, semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 SMs regarding their experiences with sex education using a grounded theory approach. Participants described sex education as being heteronormative and exclusive of their identities, making them feel invisible, sexually unprepared, and shameful. Sex education also reportedly contributed to sexual hesitance, sexual violence, and risky sexual behaviors. Participants endorsed histories of depression, anxiety, and suicidality, often associated with their identity. To become more informed and sexually prepared, they sought information through conversations with others, online searching, college courses, and trial and error sexual experiences. Participants also advocated for inclusive sex education, which would incorporate all identities and associated safe sex practices. They concluded that inclusivity in curricula could lead to various improved outcomes for SMs, such as safe sex, a sense of community, identity confidence, healthy relationships, and resilience.     

男性导演视角中的女性世界——关锦鹏和他的女性三部曲

影片《胭脂扣》、《人在纽约》、《阮玲玉》构成了导演关锦鹏的女性三部曲。在这些影片中,体现了作为一位男性导演对女性主题的深刻的人文化的关注,对女性的欣赏甚至膜拜,同时他还善于运用各种细腻圆熟、精雕细琢的手法对女性的喜怒哀乐进行书写,构成了独特的女性化的话语诉说,为这些女性谱写了属于她们自己的哀歌、悲歌和挽歌。     

西安市全民健身场所健身群体现状调查

对西安市七区全民健身场所年龄分布、健身规律以及对健身功能的认知进行问卷调查，进行数理统计后，结合有关献进行分析。结果发现经济压力和生活压力，健身观念以及生活习惯，健身理论研究、健身运动的组织以及宣传等政府行为，工作性质以及工作时间等均对全民健身的开展有着不同程度的影响。建议政府、单位、社会结合，开发新运动项目、制定运动处方，并加大宣传力度，全面深入地开展群众性体育竞赛，促进全民健身从“我为”向“为我”转化，必能促进全民健身活动健康、有序地开展。     

书信、日记魅力管窥

本文从八个方面探讨书信、日记魅力之所在 :一、缘事而发 ,言之有物 ,有一定的目的、追求和意义。二、晓之以理 ,动之以情 ,有较强的感染力和说服力。三、巧用事实 ,铺陈有序 ,论证有力。四、结构严谨、跌宕多姿、形散而神不散。五、叙述、描写、议论与抒情的完美结合。六、富于哲理和思想意义 ,给人以启迪和教育。七、富于知识性、趣味性 ,给人以美的艺术享受。八、语言生动形象、声调谐和、参差错落、铿锵有声