企业生态共同体的激励约束机制与创新研究

基于循环经济、产业生态学的发展理念,借鉴政治学相关理论,提出并探讨了企业生态共同体的概念,分析了企业生态共同体的特征、功能及运行方式,指出了生态共同体在运行过程中存在的问题,研究了共同体企业间共生网络,实现共同体内企业间资源与能量梯级利用和物质闭路循环,并针对问题提出了促进其完善与发展的激励与约束机制.     

基于组织文化视角的学校共同体建设

学校共同体建设更多地是从组织文化理论中汲取营养而发展起来的.组织文化作为一种管理模式,能协调人际关系、增强组织凝聚力,引导成员走向共同目标,在实际管理中具有重要意义.走向合作,创建一个自由和谐的价值、道德与生活的共同体,已愈来愈成为优质学校文化的发展趋势.从组织文化视角分析学校共同体的特点、现状与问题,从而探索其建设路径.     

科技投标共同体目标模式之我见

科技招标是科研管理的一种重要形式,科技投标共同体的优化组合是中标的关键.本文通过对目标模式的描述,说明科技投标共同体优化组合的科学性、实用性和先进性.     

科学基金队伍系统化建设的共同体模式及路径研究

共同体作为一种特殊的组织形式,其管理模式符合新公共管理的发展趋势,对于类似社会组织和人群的协同管理具有特殊的借鉴意义。本文尝试在对共同体概念及其管理模式开展分析的基础上,探讨科学基金队伍系统化建设的共同体模式及若干路径,以期对国家自然科学基金及同类社会组织的队伍建设和管理提供借鉴和参考。     

从中巴经济走廊实践看人类命运共同体构建中的科技创新合作

正构建人类命运共同体是为了应对当前全球性挑战提出的中国方案,而要应对这些挑战就必须以科技进步为前提,以科技创新合作为基础。作为"一带一路"建设旗舰项目的中巴经济走廊是推动中巴两国共同发展的"增长轴和发展带"[1],是践行人类命运共同体理念的重要平台。中巴在2018年11月发表声明     

共同体历史分期的新思考

共同体研究中,对共同体研究视角、具体存在阶段、与共同体主义关系及民族、国家等概念的理解存在争论。争论的焦点在于马克思本人在很多地方提及资本主义社会是虚幻共同体,这是古尔德诘难的根据,古尔德无法理解共同体有广义与狭义之分及其背后生产方式的巨大作用。共同体可以具体分为原始群体、古代共同体、资本共同体、自由共同体等几个阶段。在此基础上可以理解中国建设要重视资本共同体的积极因素原因所在。     

社区治理视角下社区家庭教育共同体建设

基于社区视角下建设社区家庭教育共同体已为学习型社会和新型现代化家庭所需,虽我国已形成社区家庭教育服务,但社区、社会组织、社工等诸多局限性与不足,无法满足所需。建立以社区文化引领,"三社联动"为主,共同目标和主体职责明确的共同体,加强互补实现资源整合,形成社区教育协同治理,共同促进社区家庭教育发展,不失为一条很好的探索方向。     

习近平“人类命运共同体”思想探析

人类命运共同体思想是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要内容,是对于和平共处五项基本原则的发展,也是中国在立足于全人类共同利益的上提出的促进世界各国合作共赢的新理念,体现着人类的共同价值。本文分析了习近平人类命运共同体思想提出的相关背景,阐释了习近平人类命运共同体的思想的涵义,阐述了习近平人类命运共同体思想的当代价值。     

课程领导下的学校共同体建设实例探析

课程领导作为一种新的管理理念,意在突破传统课程管理的局限,强调合作与交流、民主与开放。课程领导下的学校共同体则是一个有着共同的目标,承担着共同的责任,分享着共同的思想和价值观的团队,因此这样的学校共同体既是课程知识的生产者、确认者,更是课程的实践者。本文通过一个具体学校的实例来说明这一共同体在他们共同追求的领域中是如何通过持续不断的相互作用而发展自己的知识和专长,来共同分享课程领导的权力与职责的;这一共同体是怎样借助及时的反馈、总结、提炼、交流,促进教学与研修一体化,从而达到新课程改革的更高要求的。     

面向社会稳定风险治理的社会情绪共同体研究

情绪具有表征社会稳定风险过程以及解释其动力机制的重要作用。在社会稳定风险情境下界定社会情绪,并提出社会情绪共同体的概念;通过对社会情绪共同体知识层面、心智模式层面、行动层面的分析,发现社会情绪共同体的有效实现路径;基于ICT技术,提出面向社会稳定风险治理的社会情绪共同体的"线上"实现形式,并分析其面向社会稳定风险治理的内涵。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence