中国车前属种子形态及其分类学意义

本文研究了中国车前科Plantaginaceae车前属plantago2亚属8组17种及1变种植物的种子， 在扫描电子显微镜下的形态及亚显微结构(种皮纹饰)．结果表明种子形态有四个类型：1，多角形类型；2．舟形类型；3．卵形类型；4．矩圆形类型。各个种的种子形态和种皮纹饰有着相当明显的区别。新种plantago densiflorus的建立应用了种子形态和种皮纹饰这一特征。车前种子形态分类与pilger用植物其他形态特征建立的车前属分类系统是一致的，因此，笔者支持Pilger的车前属分类系统。     

中国桑寄生科的孢粉学研究

系统报道了中国桑寄生科Loranthaceae33种5变种植物的花粉形态，并与澳大利亚 2属6种植物的花粉形态做了比较。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察，国产桑寄生科花粉外壁 纹饰可明显分为两个类型:一种类型为刺状或条状纹饰，另一种为颗粒状纹饰，这与该科的鞘 花族和桑寄生族两个族相吻合。在鞘花族类型中，3合沟、钝刺状或条状纹饰的花粉是基本类 型，合半沟或孔沟形，刺状纹饰的花粉是较进化的类型;在桑寄生族类型中，等极、3合沟、 颗粒状纹饰的花粉是基本类型，异极、副合半沟-合半沟、3沟形和沟形-短沟形或沟孔形、粗 糙或模糊颗粒状纹饰的花粉是较进化类型。根据萌发孔和纹饰可将桑寄生族类型花粉分为3个 类群:类群I包括五蕊寄生属Dendrophtho、梨果寄生属Scurrula、钝果寄生属Taxillus和大苞 寄生属Tolypanthus;类群II仅包括离瓣寄生属Helixanthera;类群III也仅1属，桑寄生属Lor anthus。在这3个类群中，类群I属于基本的类型，属间花粉差别较小，其中梨果寄生属和钝 果寄生属花粉差别最小，显示出较近的亲缘关系;类群II和类群III皆是较进化类型。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究 Ⅱ. 中国蕨科

 利用扫描电镜对国产中国蕨科Sinopteridaceae植物9属61种6变种的孢子进行了观察。结果表明，该科植物的孢子可分为3种类型：(1)孢子球形，三裂缝；周壁较厚，疏松地包在孢子之外；外壁光滑，表面纹饰由周壁形成，呈网状、嵴状、刺状或皱状。除金粉蕨属Onychium和珠蕨属Cryptogramma外，该科其他属的植物都具此类型孢子。(2)孢子钝三角形，三裂缝；周壁较薄，由周壁和外壁共同形成表面轮廓，表面具疣状或颗粒状纹饰。具此类型孢子的只有珠蕨属。(3)孢子钝三角形，三裂缝，沿裂缝两侧各有一脊状隆起或瘤状纹饰；周壁薄，由外壁形成表面纹饰的基本轮廓；具赤道环、近极脊和远极脊。具此类型孢子的只有金粉蕨属。另外，从孢粉学的角度对该科的分类和系统演化进行了探讨。     

泽泻科的花粉形态研究

本文对泽泻科11属27种代表植物的花粉进行了光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察。在系统描述了该科及各属植物花粉形态的基础上，将泽泻科植物的花粉划分为3种类型，即少果泽苔草型、慈菇型和泽泻型。根据花粉形态特征的比较，并依据泽泻科植物祖先类群的花粉具有船形、具单沟萌发孔、花粉外壁具明显的刺状纹饰、覆盖层完整无通道等特征，作者认为泽泻科植物花粉形态的如下演化趋势是明显的：由船形演化为卵球形、球形和多面体球形；由单沟萌发孔经过一无孔的中间类型演化为散孔类型；孔膜由光滑演化为具颗粒和小刺；萌发孔不内陷进化到内陷；花粉粒外壁的刺状纹饰逐渐过渡为颗粒状纹饰或者消失，以及覆盖层由无通道到具细通道和通道。     

南五味子属（五味子科）的种子形态及其分类学意义

在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下对南五味子属Kadsura 11种植物36个样品的种子宏观形态及种皮微 形态特征进行了研究。结果表明其种子形状为肾形、椭球形、心形或肾状扁球形。在扫描电镜下种子表 面特征有种间差异，其纹饰可分为3种类型，即近平滑型、负网纹型和网纹型。短梗南五味子K． borneensis和披针叶南五味子K．lanceolata为近平滑型，其种子表面近平滑；黑老虎K．coccinea和柄果 南五味子K．verrucosa 为负网纹型，其种子表面具负网纹，网眼凸起，网脊凹陷；异形南五味子K．hetero- clita、毛南五味子K．induta、南五味子K．japonica、冷饭藤K．oblongifloia、狭叶南五味子K.  angustifolia、 南洋南五味子K．scandens 和大叶南五味子K．marmorata为网纹型，其种子表面具网纹，网眼凹陷，网脊 凸起，此类型在南五味子属中最为普遍。种皮微形态特征在种内相当稳定，在一些种的划分上具有较重 要的意义。南五味子属种皮微形态特征的研究结果支持将多子南五味子K．polysperma和凤庆南五味子 K. interior 归并入异形南五味子以及将长梗南五味子K．longipedunculata归并入南五味子的分类学处理。本文还对南五味子属植物种皮微形态的各种类型的演化趋势作了讨论。     

独叶草形态学的研究III.花、果实和种子的形态和解剖

本文报道独叶草 Kingdoinia uniflora 的花、果实和种子的形态结构规律。  花的各部分     多而无定数，呈螺旋状排列。花被片的脉序呈开放的二叉分枝，可分三类。雄蕊分能育和不     育两类，维管束单一，后者顶端的凹沟内具蜜腺，前者的花粉囊呈侧向-外向着生。心皮分化     为三部分，子房具柄，含1枚横生胚珠。开花时，心皮不完全闭合，属半开放型，近似黄连属(Coptis)植物。聚合瘦果，种子1枚，胚处于原胚期，胚乳丰富。文中还讨论了有关形态演化问题。     

龙眼和龙荔毛被类型及果壳形态的研究

本文对龙眼(桂圆)Dimocarpus longan Lout，和龙荔(疯人果)D．confinis(How et Ho)H．SLo的毛被类型和果实形态进行了详尽的比较观察。龙眼的营养和繁殖体上具分枝的星状毛，果皮表面具平滑瘤状或泡状突起；而龙荔的毛被则为单生柔毛或腺毛，果皮表面具圆锥状小刺。这两个种之间基本没有形态过渡，是分类学上区别明显的种。本文还报道了对商业部门送检样品的鉴定结果。龙眼毛被类型和果实形态在送检样品中均可观察到，而且在这些样品果皮表面未见有组织断裂及破损痕迹，因此，它们不可能是由龙荔果实加工处理的假冒商品，而是真正的桂圆。     

铃兰族(广义)花粉形态与叶表皮特征的研究

对铃兰族(广义)7个属分别作了花粉(17种)扫描电镜观察和叶表皮(12种)的光学显微镜和 扫描电镜观察。花粉可分为8个类型。在狭义的铃兰族的4个属内，花粉全为远极单槽，舟状。它们 的外壁除夏须草属外，都具细孔。夏须草属的花粉外壁则为细皱。  Hutchinson(1934)的蜘蛛抱蛋族 花粉形态变异很大，其中开口箭属和万年青属的花粉为远极单槽，舟形，外壁具穿孔或网纹，而蜘蛛抱 蛋属的花粉则为球状，无萌发孔。其间的显著差异支持Nakai为前两个属建立万年青族(Rohdeae)。 表1归纳了7个属的花粉形态；图1是我们对铃兰族(广义)花粉形态演化的见解。叶表皮观察表明，气 孔器为无规则型，上表皮角质层主要为条纹加厚，或均匀加厚，而铃兰属的角质层秕糠状加厚。7个属的叶表皮特征归纳于表2。     

中国天南星科花粉形态的研究

利用扫描电镜对天南星科Araceae22属28种(除Arum maculatum产自德国外，其余均产自中国) 及菖蒲科Acoraceae 1属2种植物的花粉形态进行了观察。结果显示天南星科花粉形态在科内变异很 大。花粉粒形状从球形、近球形、椭球形到扁球形和橄榄形；萌发孔类型有散孔型、具薄壁区型、环沟型 或无萌发孔；外壁纹饰为小穴状、网状、肋条状、条纹状、疣状、具刺或光滑。主要依据花粉形态方面的证 据探讨了崖角藤属Rhaphidophora、麒麟叶属Epipremnam 、龟背竹属Monstera 3属的属间关系以及犁头尖属Typhonium属下分类中存在的一些问题。     

我国曼陀罗属的花粉形态及其在分类上的意义

本文收集了国内曼陀罗属(Datura L.)  11个不同的生态型，在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下，进行了花粉粒形态的比较观察。该属花粉粒均为球形或稍扁，具3孔沟型。花粉粒外壁表面的纹饰可作为分属、分组、分种的依据之一。可分为三个类型，与植物形态分类基本一 致，即：具皱波-细网状纹饰(曼陀罗组); 具网状条纹或条纹，条脊表面有细颗粒或粗糙(洋金花组); 具条纹，条脊表面有蚕体状环纹及细颗粒(木本曼陀罗组)。种以下的变种或栽培变种，花粉粒的形态特征不足以作为分类的依据。     

中国列当属的分类及与近缘属的关系

The morphological characters in the genus Orobanche were evaluated from the taxonomic point of view.  The author finds that the plants of this genus are relatively similar to each other in respect to characters of vegetative organs, fruits and seeds.  But the differences in the floral structures can be served as a basis for delimitating infrageneric taxa.   The seed coat of 18 species and pollen grains of  6 species were also examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). They seem to have little significance for distinguishing species.       The result supports G. Beck’s (1930) division of the genus Orobanche into 4 sections, of which 2 occur in China, based on the characters of the inflorescence, bracteoles and calyx. The author considers that some characters, such as anther hairy or not, upper lip of corolla entire or not, lower lip longer or shorter than the upper one, the state of corolla-tube inflec-  tion and the hair type of filaments and plants, are important in distinguishing Chinese species.  A key to the species of Orobanche in China is given.       This genus consists of about 100 species, and is mostly confined to Eurasia, with over 60  species found in Caucasus and Middle Asia of USSR, where may be the mordern  distribu-  tional  centre.        Orobanche L. in China is represented by 23 species, 3 varieties and l forma. As shown in  Table 1, most species (12 species) are found in Xinjiang, which clearly shows a close floristic  relationship between this region and Middle Asia of USSR.  6 species are endemic to China,  of which 4 are confined to the Hengduan Mountains  (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin divide).        The relationships between this genus and related ones of Orobanchaceae are also discussed.  The author holds the following opinions: the genus Phelypaea Desf. should be considered as a   member of Orobanche L. Sect. Gymnocaulis G. Beck,  the monotypic genus,   Necranthus A.   Gilli endemic to Turkey, is allied with Orobanche L. Sect.  Orobanche, the monotypic genus,   Platypholis Maxim, endemic to Bonin Is. of Japan, is far from Orobanche L. in relation and   should be regarded as a separate genus.        The 11 OTU’s, including all the sections of Orobanche L. and 7 genera of Orobanchaceae,   and 15 morphological characters were used in the  numerical  taxonomic treatment  to  test  the   above-mentioned  suggestions.   After standardization of characters, the correlation matrices were   computerized.  The correlation matrices were made to test the various clustering methods.   At    last the UPGMA clustering method was chosen and its result is shown in a phenogram.  The   result of numerical analysis is basically in accordance with the suggestions.     

中国荞麦属果实形态特征

应用解剖镜和扫描电镜对中国产荞麦属Fagopyrum Mill．8种1变种的果实形态和微形态特征进行了观察。结果表明这些种类的果实可分为3类：(1)果实三棱锥状,表面不光滑,无光泽,具皱纹网状纹饰,此种类型的植物有苦荞麦、金荞麦。(2)果实卵圆三棱锥状,表面光滑,有光泽,具条纹纹饰,此种类型的植物有荞麦、长柄野荞麦、线叶野荞麦。(3)果实卵圆三棱锥状,表面光滑,有光泽,具大量的瘤状颗粒和少数模糊的细条纹纹饰,此种类型的植物有硬枝野荞麦、细柄野荞麦、小野荞麦、疏穗小野荞麦。研究结果认为金荞麦与栽培种苦荞麦关系较近。     

裂瓜属的研究

The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical dis- tribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper.  Having comme- nted on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present au- thors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tri- be, Schizopeponeae, should be supported.      The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic point of view.  Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not, different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for distinguishing subgenera.      The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).  The results show that a strong differentiation has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera.      According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 spe- cies, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn., S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschi- zopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang.      The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment.  After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed.  The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods.  At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result is shown in the form of phenogram.  The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification.      Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China.     

水鳖科9属15种植物花粉形态的研究

 应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对水鳖科Hydrocharitaceae 9属15种植物的花粉形态进行 了观察。水鳖科植物花粉为圆球形至近椭球形，无萌发孔或偶为单沟萌发孔，外壁纹饰通常为小刺状纹 饰，刺密集或稀疏，花粉表面具瘤状、疣状、颗粒状、皱波状突起或光滑。外壁由覆盖层、柱状层和基层组 成。覆盖层厚或较薄，柱状层小柱发育不明显，基层薄。水鳖科植物在花粉大小、纹饰类型、刺的长短、 密度、形态、萌发孔的有无以及花粉壁的结构等方面表现出了较为明显的差异，这些特征对探讨类群间 关系具有较重要意义。由于黑藻属Hydrilla和Stratiotes属花粉较为特殊，支持将它们各自作为一个独立 的族处理。水鳖科植物花粉外壁纹饰和结构特点表明该科与水雍科Aponogetonaceae、泽泻科Alismataceae 和花蔺科Butomaceae等近缘，而该科植物花粉大多无萌发孔等则反应了该科与茨藻目Najadales植物有密切联系。     

苔草属复序苔草亚属十四种植物叶片的解剖学研究

 选择中国复序苔草亚属6组4亚组的代表植物14种,进行了叶片解剖学研究,观察了其横切面 和表皮特征,证明上述特征在各类群之间存在差异,具有一定的系统学意义。这14种植物叶片的横切 面和表皮都具有一些原始的性状,表明复序苔草亚属中的植物可能在苔草属中是较原始的。在所观察 的植物中,Sect．Polystachyae植物叶片解剖学特征比较一致,说明此组的建立比较合理;而Sect．Indicae 组已有明显分化,尤其是Carex scaposa C．B．Clarke和C．densifimbriata Tang et S．Y．Liang 与其它植物明显不同,而且其外部形态特征在复序苔草亚属中也比较独特,因此赞成将它们及其近缘类群做为一个组而非亚组。     

关于喙果藤的归属问题

 According to Wang and Xie, their recently  published  genus  Trirostellum  is distinguished from its allied genera by a number of characteristics: (1) the stamens with their filaments coherent into a central column; (2) the female flowers possessing rudimentary stamens; (3) the ovary 3-celled, with one ovule in each cell; (4) the fruits dehiscent, 3-rostrated at the apex; (5) the fruits possessing persistent perianth; (6) the seeds tuberculate and winged.  However, upon a careful comparison of Trirostell- um yixingensis Z.P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie, the type species of Trirostellum with Gyno- stemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak., the type species of Gynostemma Bl.  and some other species of Gynostemma as well,we have found that the representatives of the above two genera are identical in most of the important diagnostic characteristics ex- cept that the fruits of the former genus are dehiscent with three long beaks at  the apex, while the fruits of the latter genus are indehiscent  with  very  short  beaks. Besides, results obtained from chromosome counting haove  shown that the somatic chromosome number of Trirostellum yixingensis is 2n=22, while that of Gynostemma pentaphyllum is 2n=28.Yet these morphological and chromosomal differences seem not sufficient for generic demarcation.  We, therefore, suggest that Trirostellum bereduced to a sectional or subgeneric rank of Gynostemma Bl.     

国产肉苁蓉属(列当科)花粉及种皮的形态研究

本文借助扫描电镜，对国产肉苁蓉属Cistanche植物的花粉外壁及种皮纹饰进行了观察，并讨 论了它们的分类学意义。结果表明：该属各个种之间在花粉外壁纹饰及种皮纹饰上的差异可为种的区  分提供依据。