论大学生跨文化自主学习能力的培养

跨文化自主学习的目标是为了帮助学生学会学习策略和批判性思维。通过从跨文化自主学习的内容、教师角色、学习者身份、学习动机、学习风格和学习策略等方面分析如何培养学习者的跨文化自主学习能力,以提高大学英语教育质量。     

中小学教师远程继续教育学习质量评价问卷的研制及应用

以自我调控学习理论为基础,运用心理测量学的方法与技术改进了中小学教师远程继续教育学习质量评价问卷。从学习动机、学习策略和学习投入三个方面对中小学教师远程继续教育的学习质量进行评价。结果表明,三个分量表均具有良好的信效度,可以作为评价工具使用。进一步分析显示,中小学教师从事远程继续教育学习的成就目标非常重要,可以预测教师在学习过程中的学习策略使用和对学习的投入状况;学习策略和学习投入对学习成绩有显著影响。研究建议应重视引导中小学教师在远程继续教育学习过程中采取适应性的学习动机。     

网络环境下利用讨论来促进批判性思维发展的研究

本文主要讨论马歇尔大学在网络环境中如何应用讨论工具来促进批判性思维的发展.在高等教育中发展批判性思维的重要作用已经得到了各国及其学校的重视.本研究以马歇尔大学研究生院教育与专业发展专业所开设的英语为第二语言的一些课程为对象,分析了讨论法在这些课程中培养批判性思维的状况.在开展本研究的那个学期末,研究者编制了一份问卷,调查这种讨论法实施的效果,以及对这种方法加以改善的可能性.问卷随后被分发给三个班的所有学生,他们都来自西佛吉尼亚州的中小学教师.在21个被调查的学生中,15人全部回答了问卷所提出三个问题.结果显示,几乎所有的被调查者都认为,讨论对促进学习和批判性思维有帮助.大部分学生赞成教师参与网上讨论,教师参与讨论的作用是在发展批判性思维中担当帮助者的角色.     

中小学教师正式学习与非正式学习现状调查

正式学习和非正式学习是教师专业发展的两种重要途径。利用自编＂关于教师学习的问卷调查表＂并辅以访谈法,在湖南省长沙、株洲、湘潭三市选取了七所中小学的155名教师进行了问卷调查。通过调查和访谈发现正式学习具有机会差异性,中小学教师对于正式学习的作用具有两极分化的看法;而非正式学习具有机会均等性,中小学教师对非正式学习的作用具有较高的评价。因此我们一方面要灵活促进中小学教师的正式学习,另一方面要充分利用中小学教师的非正式学习。     

我国中小学生学习动力与学习策略的现状与对策

调查表明,我国中小学生的学习动力处于中等偏上水平;其动力主要来自对考试成绩的追逐,并随年级升高而明显下降;学习压力巨大。学习策略的整体水平并不理想;批判性思维策略有显著发展;合作求助策略水平最高。学生个体因素是影响其学习动力和学习策略发展的主要因素;教育教学因素对学习动力和学习策略的影响存在差异。应重点关注学生学习能力的提升;将减轻学生过重课业负担作为提升其学习动力与策略的关键性条件;以教育均衡发展提升全体学生的学习动力与学习策略水平;将转变学习方式作为提升学生学习动力与策略水平的具体措施。     

批判性思维与学生的自主学习

自主学习已成为教育心理学研究的热点问题。自主学习是学习者对学习过程和内容的一种心理反应而形成的自主行为。批判性思维是我们通过主动思考,对所学知识进行个人判断而做出合理决策的思维认知过程。批判性思维是构成自主学习的三个条件:心理发展水平、学习动机及学习策略的基础。所以说批判性思维是自主学习的基础。     

高校外语教师批判性思维倾向研究——基于海南省5所高校部分外语教师的调查与分析

研究通过问卷和访谈形式调查分析高校外语教师的批判性思维倾向现状及其影响因素等。结果显示:外语教师批判性思维倾向总体水平一般,5个核心特质求知欲、分析性、认知成熟度、系统性和开放性也属中等偏下水平;教师对批判性思维倾向的内涵缺乏深入了解,在教学工作中没能很好地融入思维培养;教育背景、工作现状、个人态度等因素对教师批判性思维倾向的发展有影响。基于结果的阐释和原因分析,提出促进高校外语教师批判性思维倾向发展的思考和建议。     

浅谈外语学习策略

在中学外语教学中，教学研究大多倾向于教法研究，即如何教好外语，而对学法研究，即如何招手学生学好外语涉及教少。文章通过中学生学习策略的调查，指出学习策略的研究对外语学习的重要性，对学习策略做了简要的介绍，对如何在外语学习中使用学习策略和克服不良情感因素提出了一些建议。     

教师批判性思维倾向量表(TCTS)的修订

本研究的目的在于以分析教师批判性思维倾向(Teacher Critical Thinking)的结构为基础,制订教师批判性思维倾向的测量工具。原始问卷根据台湾学者朱苑瑜、叶玉珠编制完成的《批判性思考倾向量表》及教师批判性思维倾向的理论定义而构造。489位中小学教师参加了测验。要求被试在6点量表上评定问卷的每一个条目是否适合描述他们自己,“1”代表非常同意,“6”代表非常不同意。测验结果得到了一个由12个条目构成的四因素结构的教师批判性思维倾向量表,该因素解释总变异的74.2%,量表平均分为27.12,标准差为10.98,无显著性性别差异(t=.336,P=.737)。统计分析还表明:该量表具有较好的内部一致性信度(a=.9496)和折半信度(r=.9384)。本量表适合在中小学教师中使用,稳定性较强,项目较少,简便易行。     

在线学习中互动讨论模式如何影响学习者的批判性思维

互动讨论作为在线学习的重要组成部分,普遍被用于培养学生批判性思维,然而尚未有文献研究在线学习中互动讨论模式与批判性思维之间的关系.文章采用定量内容分析和滞后序列分析,对在线互动讨论中1411条消息进行话语分析,探究在线学习中教师角色变化对学生互动讨论模式和批判性思维的影响,并挖掘互动讨论模式与批判性思维的隐含关系.结果发现:教师辅助的在线互动讨论比教师主导时学生的互动讨论模式更丰富、讨论更深入,批判性思维水平更高.同时,文章提出基于四个阶段的在线互动讨论模式与批判性思维的关系模型,准确把握在线学习环境中的教师角色,为高效利用教师角色变化规律提高在线互动质量和批判性思维水平提供可行的理论借鉴和策略参考.     

Affordances of teacher professional learning in secondary schools

It is commonly understood that teachers in secondary school should develop throughout their career in order to stay as an essential factor in student learning. Schools can offer opportunities to link teachers’ professional learning to their school practice with a positive impact on teachers’ motivation to learn and the effectiveness of their learning. In this field study, teachers, school leaders, policy-makers, educational consultants and educational scholars were asked for their perceptions of conditions for teacher learning in school and of interventions in school to enhance teacher professional learning. These conditions and interventions were understood as affordances in schools that enable and support teacher professional learning. The main affordance in school these stakeholders mentioned was an open, but critical way in which teachers share their practices, collaborate and reflect upon their teaching practice. Collaborative practices seem to stimulate many interventions of teacher professional learning in school. Two implications of this finding are discussed. First, we suggest that the maximum teaching time should be reduced, team teaching should be more implemented or classes should be scheduled in such a way that teachers can meet. Second, distributed leadership approaches match with our findings about the role of school leaders in teacher professional learning.     

中国大陆教师专业学习社群的内涵与发展——基于对上海市中小学的调查研究

国际上越来越多的研究表明,专业学习社群能够促进教师专业发展及推动学校变革。本研究对专业学习社群进行概念化,并基于中国的学校背景,探索出一套教师专业学习社群的表现指标,对上海市7所中小学进行抽样调查。运用主成分分析法对数据进行分析,得到适用于中国大陆的指标体系,并进一步分析教师专业学习社群的内涵与发展状况。研究发现,所调查的学校在教师合作学习、专业能力、校长领导、结构支持方面均具有良好的表现,且组织变革障碍不大。可通过改善校长领导和结构支持,控制学校内部的组织变革障碍等途径促进教师合作学习和专业能力的发展,以进一步促进教师专业学习社群的发展。     

教师专业性学习现状调查研究——以上海中小学教师为例

本研究采取整体分层抽样的办法,对上海中小学教师的专业性学习现状进行调查研究．研究结果表明,上海中小学教师的专业性学习状态较好,即教师比较认同学习应与外部关联、建立了教师学习共同体、开展了专业性学习以及积极寻求自我改变等。但教师学习的专业性还不强、教师自主学习的状态不佳。差异性检验结果显示,除自主学习外,女教师明显好于男教师;在教师学习的外部关联、教师学习共同体、教师专业性学习和自主学习等方面,小学教师的专业性学习明显好于初中教师和高中教师,初中教师也好于高中教师。     

Enhancing professional learning communities through knowledge artefacts in mainland China

This qualitative case study examines the perspectives and experiences of seven Chinese primary teachers on the integration of shared knowledge artefacts into teaching in professional learning communities. The analysis of the semi-structured interviews and observation data revealed that using knowledge artefacts, such as preview sheets, flowing charts and grouping rules, had dual effects in teacher development in professional learning communities in mainland China. Although the participating teachers acquired instrumental skills to meet the requirement of education reform, the ready-made paradigmatic model constrained critical thinking and resulted in conservatism in teachers′ mindsets. The findings highlight the lack of trial-and-error opportunities and teacher motivation in conducting professional dialogues in situated collective learning settings. The study suggests that stimulating teacher agency must be employed in the development of teaching practice under the scaffolds of knowledge artefacts.     

专业化背景下中小学教师自主学习能力发展策略探究

全球范围内出现的教师教育改革,强调教师在专业发展和个人成长的过程中,要有意识通过系统的自主学习和研究实现专业化的发展。树立中小学教师自主学习观,加强理论学习与创新健全中小学教师专业成长制度保障体系,搭建多种平台,鼓励中小学教师自主学习等都可以促进中小学教师自主学习能力的发展。     

Effects of school organizational conditions on teacher professional learning in China: The mediating role of teacher self-efficacy

Current education reforms have increasingly advocated schools to create facilitative organizational conditions to promote teacher learning. However, limited research has examined the effects of different aspects of school organizational conditions on teacher professional learning in China. Using a sample of 339 primary and secondary school teachers in Shanghai, this study examined the effects of three aspects of school organizational conditions (i.e., learning-centered leadership, learning opportunities, and cultural barriers) on teacher professional learning in China, with a particular focus on the mediating role of teacher self-efficacy as an important psychological condition. The results showed that two aspects of school organizational conditions (i.e., learning-centered leadership and learning opportunities) had significant and positive effects on teacher learning. Teacher self-efficacy significantly mediated the effects of both learning-centered leadership and cultural barriers on teacher professional learning. Practical implications are also discussed.     

合肥地区中小学教师专业化发展情况实证调查

为全面了解合肥地区中小学教师专业化发展的现状,研究建立健全教师专业化发展的制度保障体系及运行机制,加快教师教育一体化进程,我们对合肥市中小学教师的专业化发展情况展开了一次问卷调查。通过调查与分析,指出合肥地区中小学教师专业化发展存在的一些不容忽视的问题,并以此为例,提出了有效推进区域教师专业化发展的对策和建议。     

School‐based teacher collaboration in Sweden and Greece: formal cooperation,deprivatized practices and personalized interaction in primary and lower secondary schools

During recent years, educational restructuring efforts have commonly regarded schools as both learning communities and sites for teachers’ professional development. A plethora of attributes influence prerequisites as well as outcomes of the efforts, while teachers’ local cultures constitute a cornerstone. More specifically, enhanced school‐based teacher collaboration is associated with upgraded school effectiveness and enhanced professional growth. However, the comparative study of school‐based teacher collaboration remains a subjective research area. The overall aim of this study is to highlight teacher collaboration in Sweden and Greece utilizing nationwide surveys with physical education teachers in both countries. The final sample consisted of 707 Swedish and 451 Greek professionals. The high response rate combined with restricted internal dropout forms the basis of the generalization of the findings. The presentation of the results is connected with issues of formal cooperation, deprivatized practices and personalized interaction in four teachers groups: primary and lower secondary schools in Sweden and in Greece. According to the data, formal cooperation and deprivatized practices occur more frequently in Sweden than in Greece. However, personalized interaction is rather high in Greek lower secondary schools. Despite differences between the four contexts, a second order model represents obtained information adequately with very good fit indexes. It seems that school‐based teacher collaboration in authentic settings can be connected to complex processes with multifaceted characteristics in different national contexts as well as in educational stages within one country as well. Manipulating distinct aspects of schooling may consequently jeopardize expected outcomes, as development ambitions should be targeting several interdependent dimensions. Swedish schools generally and lower secondary schools specifically constitute original examples of enhanced school‐based teacher collaboration, while an intensification of combined endeavours is needed in Greece. The comparative mapping of interconnected collaboration characteristics might contribute to more holistic restructuring struggles towards schools as learning communities and sites for teachers’ professional development.     

Does principal leadership make a difference in teacher professional learning? A comparative study China and Thailand

This research explored the relationship of principal leadership and teacher professional learning in China and Thailand. The authors tested a conceptual model in which teacher trust and agency were proposed as mediators of the effects of the principal’s learning-centered leadership on teacher professional learning. Common survey measures had been used to collect data from 1259 teachers in 38 schools in mainland China and 1071 teachers in 60 schools in Thailand. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, multi-group structural equation modelling, and bootstrapping were employed to compare the proposed leadership and teacher learning processes in Chinese and Thai schools. The results confirmed a similar model of strong, statistically significant, ‘mediated effects’ of principal leadership on the professional learning of teachers in the two societies. These findings contribute to our understanding of leadership effects across societies and offer insight into how policymakers and practitioners can support school leadership, teacher development, and educational change.     

The role of pupil voice as a trigger for teacher learning in Lesson Study professional groups

This paper focuses on the role of pupil voice as a trigger for teacher learning and for improving teaching quality. This is investigated in the context of Lesson Study (LS), a professional development model that can incorporate pupil voice into teachers’ collaborative reflections on lessons. Data are from two LS groups of mathematics teachers in London (one primary and one secondary school). Video-recorded pupil interviews and teacher discussions were transcribed. Episodes of teacher discussions were coded for reference to pupil input and subsequent impact on future plans. Qualitative analysis of discussions examined whether some pupils’ input was favoured over others’. Results are significant in pointing to LS as a mechanism for attending to pupil voice. In so doing, it is suggested that pupil input provided a challenge for teachers in their interpretations of pupil learning, evaluating lessons and planning, and in contributing to teacher learning from LS.