浅谈马匹伤病的预防

本文从六个方面对马匹伤病的预防进行了简要论述,供马术教练员、运动员参与。     

马术运动员制胜心理研究——"人-马一体感"模型的初步建构

在已有研究与文献的基础上,分别对国内著名马术教练员、运动员、兽医及运动心理学和训练学专家等进行了共计75人次的访谈和问卷调查,同时也对十运会马术障碍与盛装舞步、2006年全国马术锦标赛三项赛等项目的比赛录像进行了分析,探讨了马术运动员临场心理与马匹运动表现双向反馈系统及其构成要素,指出"人一马一体感"是马术运动员比赛制胜的关键,构建了"人一马一体感"模型.     

教练员与运动员之间和谐个性关系形成的实验研究

运动员与教练员之间的和谐个性关系是贯彻和谐理念、创造和谐运动队和取得优良成绩的基础和保证。为探讨影响教练员-运动员和教练员-运动队之间关系的因素,采用尤.尔.哈宁及阿.伏.斯塔姆布洛夫研制的"教练员-运动员TC-1标度表"对5支马术运动队的6名教练员和31名运动员之间的个性关系进行了评定分析和跟踪实验研究。实验结果表明,教练员与运动员之间和谐的个性关系可以直接在运动队参加重大比赛的结束阶段形成,实际关系与所期望关系的符合程度以及这些关系促进训练和比赛活动的奏效程度,是评定教练员与运动员和谐个性关系的标准。     

马术“奥运会”：世界马术运动会

作为全球性马术盛会，国际马术联合会举办的世界马术运动会对业界的影响，远远超过了奥运会。在世界马术运动会举办之前，马术世界性大赛是每四年一度的世界马术锦标赛。1990年，国际马术联合会重新规划，将所有世界马术锦标赛中的项目同期举行，这就是世界马术运动会。     

格桑平措前往英国参加马术培训

为备战2008年奥运会,中国马术协会与英国西英格兰大学哈特普瑞马术学院达成协议,由英国西英格兰大学哈特普瑞马术学院派出专人在中国开办马术培训班,并从参加培训及比赛的众多专业骑手中选拔3名运动员,给予部分费用资助到英国进行为期半年的马术培训。     

探析奥运瘦身与取消马术项目

马术运动是当今奥运会大家庭中一个最贵族化的项目,文章从项目经费、普及状况、文化传播、奥运思想内涵等方面分析了削减马术项目对奥运瘦身的意叉,并对奥林匹克运动中的马术项目是否继续存在予以探讨.结论是减去负担很大又比较复杂的马术,能为奥运瘦身起到好的作用.     

我国马术运动发展研究

采用文献资料法、访谈法等.以我国马术项目获得第29届奥运会入场券为契机,探讨我国马术文化的发展.我国马术项目的优势来自两个区域:第一,是以经济落后、自然环境为主的新疆、内蒙古等地.第二,是以发达地区马术俱乐部为主的广东、北京、上海等地.影响我国马术文化发展的因素是:资金匮乏;一马难求;教练不足;场地欠缺;健将稀少;机构不全;方向不明.建议进一步确立我国马术运动的发展方向等.     

发展马术运动的价值分析及路径研究

马术运动是一项人马结合,以马匹为载体,按照既定规则与方法,通过参与者运用技战术驾驭马匹,并以最快速度完成规定赛程或者以最高标准完成规定套路的竞技运动项目。近年来,随着人们生活水平的提升,马术运动越来越受到大众的喜爱,本文分析了马术运功的价值,并指出发展过程中存在的问题,最终提出一些优化路径,以期为马术运动的健康、可持续发展提供参考。     

藏历新年看“达栽”

“达栽”,藏语意为马术。 在西藏,每逢藏历新年初三,各地都要组织马术表演,以祈求新的一年风调雨顺,人寿年丰。能在这天观看马术表演的人,寓示着他们能交上好运,吉祥如意。相传,此项活动已有1000多年的历史。拉萨初三的马术表演,古已有之,遐迩闻名。     

明清马术略谈

清乾隆朝郎世宁画了一幅非常著名的《马术图》。郎世宁是宫廷画家,他能画《马术图》,表明了“马术”已成风尚。明代虽无类似郎世宁的专门的《马术图》,但是万历皇帝是以“好走马”而闻名的。(文秉《先拨志始》卷上)总起来看,明清时代的“马术”有着长足的进展,一为皇家,一为民间。犹如双峰映照,两水奔流,蔚为壮观,引人入胜。     

论“体教结合”和“教体结合”的同化与异化

从“体教结合”和“教体结合”概念分析入手,阐述了“体教结合”和“教体结合”两种培养竞技体育人才模式的现状及发展情况。从概念的范畴、内容的指向性、发展目标、培养的思路、培养的理念等五方面探讨了“体教结合”和“教体结合”两种培养模式的趋同性;从所处地位、培养对象、培养形式、结合模式、学训方式,以及资源配置等方面探讨了二者之间存在的差异性。认为区分二者的异同点,将有助于我们进行理性的思考,科学的决策,不断促进我国体育事业的可持续发展。     

体育仪器器材研制工作的特点和方法

体育科研和训练用仪器器材的研制工作,有其自身的特点和规律。必须实行理论研究与应用研究;训练器材与训练理论和方法;训练、测试与诊断、评定;工程技术知识与体育科学知识;工程技术人员与教练员、运动员的结合。     

普通高校田径教学模式研究

采取问卷调查、专家访谈、文献资料等研究方法，对普通高校田径课教学现状进行调查发现，田径课教学正面临巨大的困境。造成的主要原因是：教学内容陈旧，缺乏趣味性；教学方法单一，缺乏创新；组织形式呆板枯燥，使学生产生厌学情绪。考试评价体系标准规则化，定量化，使学生对掌握田径运动的实用性、健身性产生怀疑。思想认识与资源开发不足，使田径课教学失去有力保证。     

艺术体操和健美操的同异及教学中的互补作用

艺术体操和健美操是深受广大群众喜爱的两个体育项目，它们有共同的特征，也有不同的特点，在教学中将两者适当的结合起来，发挥它们的互补作用，可提高教学质量，达到更完美的锻炼效果。     

高校武术教学与改革的调查研究

围绕高校武术教学的现状和改革,对河南省18所高校的1 336名学生和25名武术教师分别进行了问卷和走访调查。结果显示,武术是高校学生很感兴趣的教学项目,我们对此并没有重视,存在教学器材匮乏、教学内容陈旧等问题。其改革应从转变观念、改善课程结构、精选教材等方面进行。     

Fluid and electrolyte needs for preparation and recovery from training and competition

For a person undertaking regular exercise, any fluid deficit that is incurred during one exercise session can potentially compromise the next exercise session if adequate fluid replacement does not occur. Fluid replacement after exercise can, therefore, frequently be thought of as hydration before the next exercise bout. The importance of ensuring euhydration before exercise and the potential benefits of temporary hyperhydration with sodium salts or glycerol solutions are also important issues. Post-exercise restoration of fluid balance after sweat-induced dehydration avoids the detrimental effects of a body water deficit on physiological function and subsequent exercise performance. For effective restoration of fluid balance, the consumption of a volume of fluid in excess of the sweat loss and replacement of electrolyte, particularly sodium, losses are essential. Intravenous fluid replacement after exercise has been investigated to a lesser extent and its role for fluid replacement in the dehydrated but otherwise well athlete remains equivocal.     

Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery

An important goal of the athlete's everyday diet is to provide the muscle with substrates to fuel the training programme that will achieve optimal adaptation for performance enhancements. In reviewing the scientific literature on post-exercise glycogen storage since 1991, the following guidelines for the training diet are proposed. Athletes should aim to achieve carbohydrate intakes to meet the fuel requirements of their training programme and to optimize restoration of muscle glycogen stores between workouts. General recommendations can be provided, preferably in terms of grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of the athlete's body mass, but should be fine-tuned with individual consideration of total energy needs, specific training needs and feedback from training performance. It is valuable to choose nutrient-rich carbohydrate foods and to add other foods to recovery meals and snacks to provide a good source of protein and other nutrients. These nutrients may assist in other recovery processes and, in the case of protein, may promote additional glycogen recovery when carbohydrate intake is suboptimal or when frequent snacking is not possible. When the period between exercise sessions is <8?h, the athlete should begin carbohydrate intake as soon as practical after the first workout to maximize the effective recovery time between sessions. There may be some advantages in meeting carbohydrate intake targets as a series of snacks during the early recovery phase, but during longer recovery periods (24?h) the athlete should organize the pattern and timing of carbohydrate-rich meals and snacks according to what is practical and comfortable for their individual situation. Carbohydrate-rich foods with a moderate to high glycaemic index provide a readily available source of carbohydrate for muscle glycogen synthesis, and should be the major carbohydrate choices in recovery meals. Although there is new interest in the recovery of intramuscular triglyceride stores between training sessions, there is no evidence that diets which are high in fat and restricted in carbohydrate enhance training.     

健美操与我国女性"美与健"思想的发展和完善

通过文献资料调研及访问专家等方法，对伴随健美操发展的女性健身思想的发展与演变进行分析，认为我国现代女性健身思想经历了形成期，以“美”为主导期及以“健康”为指导的三个时期。目前，正在朝着健康化、科学化的方向发展并试图开创以“健康”理念指导健身运动的良好局面。     

Implicit and Explicit Exercise and Sedentary Identity

We examined the relationship between implicit and explicit “exerciser” and “sedentary” self-identity when activated by stereotypes. Undergraduate participants (N = 141) wrote essays about university students who either liked to exercise or engage in sedentary activities. This was followed by an implicit identity task and an explicit measure of exercise self-identity. Results showed that implicit and explicit exerciser identities were not highly correlated. There were also no significant prime effects, but women showed greater implicit sedentary identity, whereas men showed greater implicit exercise identity. This research suggests that implicit exercise-related identity is a distinct construct from explicit exercise identity. The results also reflect responses to societal pressures for women to be thin and for men to be strong, when free of self-presentational bias.     

体育、运动、休闲之概念与内涵——台湾地区之应用和诠释

采用文献资料法,从体育、运动和休闲等视角,对台湾地区休闲运动的概念表达和使用状况进行研究.发现:台湾地区的体育、运动和休闲概念的标识和使用经历着变化发展的过程.在今后的台湾地区相关概念使用中将延续如下发展趋势:行政机构和中小学用体育涵盖运动休闲;大学和学术研究中将运动、休闲和体育进行区分;新闻媒体和产业则偏向用休闲、运动取代体育.