中外女子散打运动员技术运用的特征

对中、外女子散打运动员技术运用情况进行统计与分析,结果表明:冲拳和贯拳是女子散打比赛中极为重要的进攻技术,鞭腿和侧踹腿是重要的得分技术,摔法是致胜的关键。通过比较发现:国外女子运动员拳法技术连续使用能力较强但实效性较差;中、外运动员的鞭腿技术均有较高的水准,但国外运动员的侧踹腿技术和摔法技术的意识、能力均远逊于中国选手。提出应加大高水平散打教练员和先进技术的"输出",进一步加强国外运动员踢、打、摔技术之间的互补能力训练,促进女子散打运动整体水平迅速提高。     

中外散打大级别运动员防守反击运用情况对比分析

运用文献资料、录像观察、统计等方法,对中外大级别运动员比赛中的主动进攻、防守反击次数及防守反击的技术运用进行统计分析,得出以下结论:中外散打大级别运动员防守反击动作中摔法反击的成功率最高,国外大级别运动员拳法防守反击的运用及成功率高于腿法,我国大级别运动员正好相反;我国和国外大级别运动员对鞭腿进攻实施的接腿摔法的运用及得分较多,在对侧踹腿进攻实施的摔法反击上,我国运动员得分要高于国外运动员,对于低鞭腿的摔法反击得分低于国外运动员.     

第3 届世界杯武术散打比赛女子 运动员技术统计与分析

运用文献资料、观察和数理统计等研究方法，对第3届世界杯武术散打比赛中女子运动员技术动作的运用情况进行统计与分析。结果发现：国际女子散打比赛中冲拳和贯拳是重要的进攻技术，鞭腿和侧踹腿是重要的得分技术，而摔法技术是致胜的关键；国外女子运动员侧踹腿技术和摔法技术运用的意识、方法和技巧等方面均逊色于国内选手。提出要进一步加强女子散打运动员踢、打、摔技术之间的互补能力训练，强化技术特长，以不断提高运动员技战术水平，促进国内外女子散打运动的迅速发展。     

对2005年辽宁省青少年散打比赛腿法技术使用情况的统计分析

通过观看2005年辽宁省青少年散打比赛的录像，对比赛中运动员运用的主要腿法技术作以统计分析，结果表明：本次比赛中运用次数最多的腿法是鞭腿；使用成功率最高的腿法是侧踹腿；相对于鞭腿和侧踹腿技术，蹬腿技术较弱。     

武汉体育学院优秀男子散打运动员鞭腿技术动作髋、 膝关节速度和角度特征分析

运用两台日本松下MD-9000数码摄像机对6名优秀散打运动员鞭腿动作进行同步拍摄,采用美国ARIEL系统进行三维图像解析,从运动学的角度揭示我国优秀男子散打运动员鞭腿动作支撑腿和进攻腿髋、膝关节速度和角度变化特征,以期为鞭腿技术动作的教学、训练提供科学依据.     

高校散打运动员竞赛技术运用特点分析——以吉首大学“首届校园散打王争霸赛”为例

为了提高高校散打运动员的竞赛技术运用水平,文章采用观摩、实地考察、逻辑分析等方法,对吉首大学散打运动员进行研究。结果认为,吉首大学散打运动员竞赛腿法运用特点为腿法的得分较高,但也从中表现出腿法在竞赛过程中使用太过于单一,主要以鞭腿为主。拳法的运用特点为直拳和摆拳的使用率和成功率最高,勾拳位略低,这也充分展示出吉首大学散打运动员在近距离作战时拳法比较薄弱。摔法的运用特点为,接腿摔的技术使用较高,但是在贴身摔时,运动员的运用和成功率较低。影响吉首大学散打运动员技术形成的因素主要有运动员个性因素、训练经历、身体素质、战术意识。文章提出了提高散打运动员在训练当中技术动作的规范性、应加强条件反应实战的练习、组织有效的交流比赛,增加战术运用实战的机会。     

我国优秀男子散打大级别运动员单招动作运用的研究

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法,对我国优秀男子散打大级别运动员单招技术动作的运用现状进行统计分析.研究表明:单招技术动作是大级别运动员比赛中主要的进攻技术和得分手段,运用及得分最多的动作是单招腿法,成功率最高的是单招摔法,单招拳法的运用较少.建议男子大级别运动员单招拳、腿、摔动作的训练分别以冲拳、低鞭腿、贴身摔为主.     

对2004年全国武术散打冠军赛决赛腿法技术运用的分析研究

文章通过对2004年全国散打冠军赛决赛阶段的比赛进行分析得出:腿法技术是散打比赛中重要的得分手段之一,腿法技术的好坏直接影响其比赛成绩;蹬腿、鞭腿和侧踹腿是优秀运动员使用次数较多和成功率较高的三种腿法技术;运动员全面的身体素质是有效使用各种腿法技术的前提。     

鞭腿技术引发踝关节外侧副韧带急性损伤风险的运动学特征分析

目的通过观察不同运动等级散打运动员在使用鞭腿技术动作时,支撑腿踝关节运动学特征所出现的差异,探求运动学特征与外侧副韧带急性损伤风险的关系。方法运用VICON Nexus 3D红外运动捕捉系统和Kistler地面测力系统,对23名不同运动等级男子散打运动员在使用鞭腿技术时支撑腿踝关节的动作轨迹进行采集,依据运动链原理将运动轨迹划分为启动、击打、回收3个时段,利用VICON Polygon分析软件对每个时段踝关节的角度、角速度、位移、时间、速度等特征进行分析。结果在击打过程中,不同运动等级运动员踝关节的运动方向一致,踝关节的活动度却出现了差异,启动和回收时段的内翻角度存在显著性(P<0.05);一般运动员踝关节的动作时间、位移均大于优秀运动员,启动时段的动作时间、上下位移、动作速度存在显著性(P<0.05)。结论不同运动等级散打运动员支撑腿踝关节的运动学特征存在显著性差异,优秀运动员踝关节运动轨迹的稳定性整体上好于一般运动员;运动学特征与引发外侧副韧带急性损伤风险存有关联,一般运动员因踝关节活动度相对较大,引发外侧副韧带急性损伤的风险也相对较高;启动时段是引发踝关节外侧副韧带急性损伤风险的最大时段。     

散打比赛中侧踹腿堵击技术的特点及作用

1侧踹腿堵击技术的特点作用在散打运动中,侧踹腿不光能起主动进攻,还具有重要防守的作用,能够给对手制造重击。侧踹腿堵击的运动形式与踹腿相同,由于它更强调快速,在实践中多以前侧踹腿踹击对方的腹部、头部等,由此可以破坏对手的进攻组合动作和有效距离。由于散打的技术在不断的提高,散打竞赛规则的变化比赛时运动员必须戴护头、穿护胸,从而加大了打击面积,侧踹腿堵击被运动员和教练员越来越重视。1.1技术特点侧踹腿的堵击的特点具有预兆小、启动快、力点准、方法巧,可在中、远距离攻击对手的正面部位。堵击侧踹腿由于加速时间稍长,力量大速度很快,非常适用于防守反击,主要用以向对方施以重击。在武术中常讲一句话:“你不动我不动,你欲动我先动”。当对手用低腿法打击我下肢时,第一反应就是迅速提膝防守,同时展髋踹出侧踹腿,成功完成防守反击技术。侧踹腿堵击时高可击头,中可击肋,下可击腿,其中击打最具有威力就是身体正面的面部、胸部、腹部、肋部、腿部等部位,侧踹腿广泛的攻击面和多样的变化主要取决于膝关节、髋关节和腿的柔韧性和灵活性,骼腰肌的力量同样也是制约侧踹腿力量的重要原因。2踹腿堵击的训练方法侧踹腿堵击的训练方法有很多,其中包括空击练习、实物练习、...     

Contribution to risk assessment in football by video analysis of overstepping boundary line events

The aim of this paper was to investigate prerequisites for safety equipment in the surrounding area of soccer playing-fields. Therefore, the frequency and location of overstepping boundary line events (OBEs) occurring when football players are crossing the boundary lines and leaving the regular field. Commercial television video footage of 28 matches in UEFA European Championship 2012 and of 46 matches in FIFA World Cup 2006 were analysed. To accurately identify portions of playfield outline where an OBE occurred, the four different field lines, two Goal lines and two Side lines were divided in 46 segments, defined as “boundary-line-segment” (BLS). Statistical analysis was used to prove if OBEs were uniformly distributed over all playfield BLSs. The results indicated remarkable differences in OBE frequencies among football field areas. In particular, goal-line-BLSs have shown to be the most critical zones of the pitch outline, with different number of OBEs on the two goal lines. This opposes the expected symmetry in OBE distribution as a consequence of the usually adopted directions of football playing and equal boundary areas surrounding goal posts. Furthermore, absolute OBE frequencies on Side line near to the technical area appeared to be greater than the homologues on the opposite side line. The distribution pattern of OBEs over all BLS can be explained by two main influencing effects: the side line effect (SLE—players behave differently at the sideline of the technical area compared to opposite side line because of different distance to advertisements boards) and the leg side effect (LSE—most players prefer to use their right leg to kick the ball). Findings in terms of OBE frequencies should be taken into account to establish right priority of actions for safety intervention by responsible and technicians of Sports fields.     

散打边腿的技术要点和鞭击力训练

围绕武术散打边腿的鞭击效果,对武术散打边腿的技术结构、技术要领和鞭击力的训练进行了分析与论述.指出用灵活的步法不断调整有利于边腿进攻的位置和角度,虚实结合、灵活多变,尽量多运用组合动作,是在实战中充分运用和发挥边腿鞭击力的要领所在.按照以实战为核心的原则,列举了边腿鞭击力训练的专项练习和辅助练习方法.     

提高我国优秀网球女子双打运动员竞技水平的研究

通过技术统计与分析、临场观察与比较 ,揭示我国优秀女双运动员在基本技术、打法特点、主要得失分结构等方面与世界优秀运动员的差距。得出 ,应突出重点 ,集中精力抓奥运攻坚项目 ;遵循网球双打制胜规律 ,找出对付双上网战术打法的有效手段 ;在训练中有意识地加强配对间的默契与交流 ,精心设计应对各种打法类型的发球、接发球抢攻战术等 ,以进一步提高我国网球女双竞技水平。针对奥运会任务 ,提出了相关对策和措施     

The development of a tournament preparation framework for competitive golf: A Delphi study

Tournament preparation in golf is used by players to increase course knowledge, develop strategy, optimise playing conditions and facilitate self-regulation. It is not known whether specific behaviours in tournament preparation should be given priority in education and practice at different stages of competition. This study aimed to achieve consensus on the importance of specific tournament preparation behaviours or “items” to players of five competitive levels. A two-round Delphi study was used, including an expert panel of 36 coaches, high-performance staff, players and academics. Participants were asked to score the relative importance of 48 items to players using a 5-point Likert-type scale. For an item to achieve consensus, 67% agreement was required in two adjacent score categories. Consensus was reached for 46 items and these were used to develop a ranked framework for each competitive level. The developed framework provides consensus-based guidelines of the behaviours that are perceived as important in tournament preparation. This framework could be used by national sport organisations to guide the development of more comprehensive learning environments for players and coaches. It could also direct future studies examining the critical behaviours for golfers across different competitive levels.     

影响中国男排"快速多变"打法的因素

“快速多变”是一种既强调快速度,同时又注重多变化的进攻打法,中国男排正在失去这一特长和优势。阐述了影响中国男排“快速多变”打法的影响因素,并提出了对策和建议：提高一传、防守起球到位率;加强培养高水平的快攻队员;尽快利用和发展后排快攻技术;扩大“快速多变”的组织区域。     

Increased foot-stretcher height improves rowing performance: evidence from biomechanical perspectives on water

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes on foot-stretcher height were associated with characteristics of better rowing performance. Ten male rowers performed a 200 m rowing trial at their racing rate at each of three foot-stretcher heights. A single scull was equipped with an accelerometer to collect boat acceleration, an impeller with embedded magnets to collect boat speed, specially designed gate sensors to collect gate force and angle, and a compact string potentiometer to collect leg drive length. All sensor signals were sampled at 50 Hz. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that raising foot-stretcher position had a significant reduction on total gate angle and leg drive length. However, a raised foot-stretcher position had a deeper negative peak of boat acceleration at the catch, a lower boat fluctuation, a faster leg drive speed, a larger gate force for the port and starboard side separately. This could be attributed to the optimisation of the magnitude and direction of the foot force with a raised foot-stretcher position. Although there was a significant negative influence of a raised foot-stretcher position on two kinematic variables, biomechanical evidence suggested that a raised foot-stretcher position could contribute to the improvement of rowing performance.     

我国优秀女子20 km竞走运动员后半程竞走技术的运动学研究

运用三维运动学分析方法,对参加国际田联竞走挑战赛女子20km比赛前8名运动员后半程中一个复步进行解析。结果表明,我国运动员在后半程中,运用的是步长较短,步频较快的技术风格;腾空时间总体上处于犯规时限的下限,膝关节从着地瞬间直至垂直支撑面保持了可见的伸直状态,但在最后冲刺阶段,膝角出现了模糊伸直过程;身体重心垂直位移、头顶位置上下起伏均高于世界优秀运动员平均水平,这既与踝关节后蹬伸展离地时机偏早、用力动作不充分有关,也与着地瞬间摆动腿前摆后的前伸着地动作不够积极有关。在注意后蹬动作的同时,还应强化摆动腿积极的前摆着地动作。躯干倾角基本处于正常范围之内,但左、右腿蹬伸用力不均衡造成身体重心左、右偏差较大的情况容易导致动作外观不稳定而被判罚技术犯规。我国运动员肩髋扭转角度较小是导致步长相对较短的一个重要成因。     

Talent identification and early development of elite water-polo players: a 2-year follow-up study

The processes of talent detection and early development are critical in any sport programme. However, not much is known about the appropriate strategies to be implemented during these processes, and little scientific inquiry has been conducted in this area. The aim of this study was to identify variables of swimming, ball handling and physical ability, as well as game intelligence, which could assist in the selection process of young water-polo players. Twenty-four players aged 14–15 years underwent a battery of tests three times during a 2-year period, before selection to the junior national team. The tests included: freestyle swim for 50, 100, 200 and 400?m, 100-m breast-stroke, 100-m ‘butterfly’ (with breast-stroke leg motion), 50-m dribbling, throwing at the goal, throw for distance in the water, vertical ‘jump’ from the water, and evaluation of game intelligence by two coaches. A comparison of those players eventually selected to the team and those not selected demonstrated that, 2 years before selection, selected players were already superior on most of the swim tasks (with the exception of breast-stroke and 50-m freestyle), as well as dribbling and game intelligence. This superiority was maintained throughout the 2 years. Two-way tabulation revealed that, based on baseline scores, the prediction for 67% of the players was in agreement with the final selection to the junior national team. We recommend that fewer swim events be used in the process of selecting young water-polo players, and that greater emphasis should be placed on evaluation of game intelligence.     

Talent identification and early development of elite water-polo players: a 2-year follow-up study

The processes of talent detection and early development are critical in any sport programme. However, not much is known about the appropriate strategies to be implemented during these processes, and little scientific inquiry has been conducted in this area. The aim of this study was to identify variables of swimming, ball handling and physical ability, as well as game intelligence, which could assist in the selection process of young water-polo players. Twenty-four players aged 14-15 years underwent a battery of tests three times during a 2-year period, before selection to the junior national team. The tests included: freestyle swim for 50, 100, 200 and 400 m, 100-m breast-stroke, 100-m 'butterfly' (with breast-stroke leg motion), 50-m dribbling, throwing at the goal, throw for distance in the water, vertical 'jump' from the water, and evaluation of game intelligence by two coaches. A comparison of those players eventually selected to the team and those not selected demonstrated that, 2 years before selection, selected players were already superior on most of the swim tasks (with the exception of breast-stroke and 50-m freestyle), as well as dribbling and game intelligence. This superiority was maintained throughout the 2 years. Two-way tabulation revealed that, based on baseline scores, the prediction for 67% of the players was in agreement with the final selection to the junior national team. We recommend that fewer swim events be used in the process of selecting young water-polo players, and that greater emphasis should be placed on evaluation of game intelligence.