Consumer experience quality: A review and extension of the sport management literature

Over the last two decades, the number of studies examining the roles of the core sport product, ancillary services, social interactions among consumers, and relationship marketing programs in the sport context has grown. However, it is also true that these topics have been advanced in many independent research endeavors depending on the touch points (e.g., sport, service, social, and communication encounters) being assessed. To integrate this body of research with sport consumer behavior, the purpose of this conceptual paper, which represents a contribution to the 20th anniversary of Sport Management Review (SMR), is to introduce the construct of consumer experience quality as consisting of four important dimensions – core product, service, social network, and relationship investment quality – into the sport management literature. In order to explain the utility of the proposed construct in the sport context, this article presents an integrative conceptual framework that draws on multiple theories and bodies of literature. A series of propositions are offered to not only understand the role of consumer experience quality in sport consumer decision-making, but also to specify the conditions under which sport consumers are more likely to be satisfied with the core sport product and ancillary services, feel and behave in response to brand-related stimuli, and engage in both transactional and non-transactional behaviors. The paper concludes that future research should be directed at testing the propositions offered in the conceptual framework.     

Theory and theory development in sport management

Sport Management Review has been the sport management leader in publishing literature reviews and new theoretical frameworks. Despite these advances, scholars have not critically examined theory and its place in sport management scholarship. The purpose of this scholarly exchange is to address these issues, such that five scholars were invited to discuss how they conceptualize theory, the role of theory in the academia, and the process in which they engage when developing their own theories. This article provides an overview of the topic and introduces the articles.     

Managing sport-for-development: Reflections and outlook

The field of sport-for-development (SFD) has experienced significant growth and increased academic rigor over the past 15 years. As sport management scholars have started to critically investigate and evaluate SFD programs, they have in turn contributed to the future design and improvement of SFD initiatives that today are more strategically planned and pedagogically sound than ever before. As part of the 20th anniversary series of Sport Management Review, the author looks back at some of the key achievements of sport management scholarship and proposes new and exciting areas for future enquiry. In particular, while past research can be classified under the four headings of SFD programming and design; sustainable management and capacity building; creating and leveraging impacts and outcomes; and conceptual/theoretical advancements, the author suggests that future studies may attend to the managerial concepts of leadership, entrepreneurship and Design Thinking to maximise the potential of sport (management) to contribute to desired, innovative and sustained community development outcomes.     

‘That is like a 24 hours-day tournament!’: using social media to further an authentic sport experience within sport education

Several studies demonstrate that Sport Education supports the development of an authentic experience of sport. Social media has the potential to further the development of an authentic sport experience since it is a key aspect of contemporary sport culture and can be a space for individuals to interact during the Sport Education. Yet the evidence-base on the use of social media within Sport Education is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore how social media supports the development of an authentic sport experience within Sport Education. The context of this study was within a female recreational community sport futsal club. Players engaged with Sport Education as a focus for their sessions for 13 weeks. The Sport Education season embedded the six key features. During the Sport Education season, players interacted with each other through Facebook. Data were generated from; (1) researcher/player field journal, (2) Facebook posts and (3) post-season player interviews. Data analysis involved inductive, constant comparison and member-checking methods. Results showed that players’ uses of Facebook supported the development of an authentic sport experience. Players’ uses of Facebook strengthened the development of three key Sport Education features; affiliation, festivity and season. Based on the limited amount of research on the impact of social media within Sport Education and community sport, future studies should continue to examine the effectiveness of social media as an interactional tool to enhance the development of an authentic sport experience.     

The sport cluster concept as middle-range theory for the sport value framework

The Sport Value Framework provides a new logic for value creation in sport based on the Service-dominant logic. The Sport Value Framework is a general theory with high level of abstraction, and there is no middle-range theory yet to link it to empirical data. The purpose of this research is to provide one middle-range theory connecting empirical findings to the Sport Value Framework. The authors used a case study approach of a geographical localised sport industry. Primary data collection in the Auckland sailing industry included 27 interviews and observations at events. Secondary data include 13 documents of organisational information and archival data. Data were analysed with NVivo. The results suggest that the Sport Value Framework explains value creation within a localised sport industry. The middle-range theory between the authors’ data and the Sport Value Framework is the Sport Cluster Concept. Eight of the ten foundational premises of the Sport Value Framework are relevant to the case. The results confirm the Sport Cluster Concept as a middle-range theory to explain value creation in localised sport industries through the lenses of the Service-dominant logic. This research helps sport management practitioners to better understand value creation in localised sport industries. It suggests that sport management and marketing scholars should focus more on networks of actors and related inclusive empirical research designs rather than focusing on isolated elements and single actors of sport industries.     

eSport: Construct specifications and implications for sport management

The purpose of this article is to add to the conceptual discussion on eSport, analyze the role of eSport within sport management, and suggest avenues for future eSport research. The authors suggest that debates surround the degree to which eSport represents formal sport, and disagreements likely stem from conceptualizations of sport and context. Irrespective of one’s notion of eSport as formal sport, the authors suggest the topic has a place in sport management scholarship and discourse. Such a position is consistent with the broad view of sport adopted by Sport Management Review, the perspective that eSport represents a form of sportification, and the association among eSport and various outcomes, including physical and psychological health, social well-being, sport consumption outcomes, and diversity and inclusion. Finally, the authors conclude that eSport scholarship can advance through the study of its governance, marketing, and management as well as by theorizing about eSport.     

体育口碑传播研究述评与展望

社交媒体时代,体育内容极易在全球用户间形成口碑传播,体育口碑传播在提升我国文化软实力和国际话语权方面发挥重要作用。基于文献计量方法,旨在梳理体育口碑传播研究的内涵特征和发展脉络,对比国内外研究、体育口碑与口碑的研究,整理体育口碑传播研究的进路框架,以期推动理论研究发展。发现：体育口碑传播研究的特色体现在对无形服务、赞助效果等问题的识别,以及体育形象、具身体验对传播过程的影响等。通过归纳常见的测量方法,本研究提出“口碑传播意愿”和“口碑接收影响”可作为体育口碑传播效果的主要测量维度。基于“前因后果×传接双方×上下层次”的矩阵分析,本研究在体育用户需求与行为模式、体育口碑传播情境化和体育赛事传播与声誉治理方面提出了未来研究的命题与思考。     

中国运动心理学的现实与梦境——2010年第九届全国运动心理学学术会议暨第二届华人运动心理学研讨会的学术总结

全国运动心理学学术会议是体育科学领域内具有相当代表性的品牌学术活动。笔者从多个角度对2010年第九届全国运动心理学学术会议暨第二届华人运动心理学研讨会的论文进行总结分析,分析了大会参与论文的探索领域、涉及的构念主题、采用的研究方法、使用的统计方法、研究参与者,归纳了部分论文的学术特点,并提出了运动心理学的研究方向。学术论文的总结为运动心理的研究者提供了主流研究方向和研究方法。     

试论职业联赛表演业产业链的构成要素特点

随着我国提出从＂体育大国＂迈向＂体育强国＂的发展方针,联赛表演业的发展已成为引领我国迈向＂体育强国＂的关键之一。本文从联赛表演业的产业链视角出发,在找准其产业链构成要素的基础上,重点对产业链构成要素的特点进行分析,以求为联赛表演业产业链的良好运转提供理论依据。     

对未来我国体育文化产业发展定位的研究

体育化产业在我国尚属待开发阶段，必然以其内在的资源优势成为未来中国社会经济发展中新的亮点。章对我国体育化产业的内涵以及面临的一些重大理论及现实问题进行了合理定位，以期对我国体育化产业发展的理论研究及实际运作提供参考。     

我国体育行业协会自治研究论纲

我国体育行业协会正朝着行业自治方向发展，应当实现中国特色的体育行业自治。虽然西方有丰富的行业自治经验，但中西方在体育行业协会自治方面存在很大差异。我国的体育行业自治必须是法治之下的自治，应当受到政府的合法规制。体育行业协会自治研究应沿着体育法治—体育自治—体育善治的逻辑向路而展开。本文对政府、体育行业等之间的关系及我国体育行业协会自治的框架体系进行了提纲式的探讨。     

Managing sport for social change: The state of play

Sport-for-development (SFD) provides a platform for sport to be used as a tool or “hook” to contribute to positive outcomes in areas including economic development, social inclusion, cultural cohesion, healthy lifestyles, education, gender equity, as well as reconciliation and peacebuilding. The area of sport for social change (SFSC) represents a sub-field of SFD that uses sport as a catalyst to build social capacity and develop socially and physically healthy communities. The Managing Sport for Social Change special issue of Sport Management Review brings together a collection of conceptual advances, empirical research papers and teaching case studies from a range of social and cultural perspectives, with a focus on managing sport for social change; aimed at engaging critically with sport management theory and praxis, and discussing associated practical and policy implications. Theoretical gaps and recommendations for future research, including: local engagement, innovative research methodology, and a broadening of the scope of research are also discussed.     

eSport management: Embracing eSport education and research opportunities

Consumer demand for eSport and the growth of organized video game competitions has generated considerable attention from the sport, event, and entertainment industries. eSport therefore represents a novel and popular area for sport management academics to conduct research, educate students, and service industry. However, despite growth and acceptance by consumers and practitioners, academics debate eSport’s position within the domain of sport management, their debates largely concentrated around the question of whether eSport can be classified as sport. In this article, the authors argue for the inclusion of organized eSport events and competitions within sport management vis-à-vis eSport’s meeting certain defining criteria of sport in general. eSport’s connection to traditional sport and defining characteristics are addressed to support eSport’s role as a sport entertainment product recognized by industry as representing a substantial growth opportunity for sport and related organizations. As eSport continues to evolve, practitioners face managerial challenges that are similar to those in traditional sport, particularly in areas of governance and diversity. Sport management academics should embrace the potential of eSport in order to examine this evolution and provide guidance to industry through education and research.     

我国体育产业发展现状及对策研究

运用经济学的理论和研究方法对我国体育产业的整体规模、产业结构、体育产业的地位和作用、社会经济环境、发展对策等方面问题进行了研究。研究表明,我国体育产业的整体规模已经接近中等发达国家20世纪90年代初的水平,体育产业在促进国民经济增长、带动相关产业发展和促进就业等方面作用明显,体育产业具有成为国民经济新的经济增长点的潜力。我国社会与经济环境为我国体育产业的发展创造了良好的条件。提出了我国体育产业发展的对策。     

Conceptualizing employee identification with sport organizations: Sport Employee Identification (SEI)

The concepts of organizational identification and team identification have been researched heavily over the last half-century. However, scholars have failed to specifically examine organizational identification among sport employees. We develop a theoretical framework of organizational identification of sport employees, coined Sport Employee Identification (SEI). We conceptualize SEI as an amalgamation of organizational identification and team identification in which sport employees are both external (fans) and internal (employee) members of the sport organization. The development of the SEI model is based on related theory and further ethnographic data are collected over a four-month period within an intercollegiate athletics fundraising department. Implications for scholars and practitioners and avenues for future research are discussed.     

A community capacity building approach to sport-based youth development

Positive youth development (PYD) is the most popular framework guiding sport-for-development (SFD) research. To date, much of this work has focused on how sport programs are purposefully designed to promote PYD outcomes. However, the youth-context interactions that form the theoretical basis of PYD occur across all aspects of youth ecologies, meaning youth SFD organizations are most effective when they enhance the capacity of communities as well. Although the need to expand current youth-centred perspectives has been noted by SFD scholars, implementing this insight into practice has proven difficult. In this paper, the authors provide a conceptual advancement to the literature through three objectives. First, a theoretical basis for linking PYD and community capacity frameworks is provided. Second, specific capacity building strategies are critically explored within the context of youth SFD organizations. Third, a community capacity building approach to sport-based PYD is presented and discussed in light of key considerations.     

More than basketball: Determining the sport components that lead to long-term benefits for African-American girls

Sport participation has the capacity to enhance the athletic and academic performance of adolescents. However, African-American participants have not enjoyed the positive academic benefits that are common among other populations. Sport is a popular developmental intervention for African-American youth, yet sport programs do not always render the intended benefits (Coalter, 2007). The purpose of this study was to determine the components of school-based sport programs that create long-term benefits for African-American girls. A high school basketball program based on positive youth development served as the program site. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with current and former players and program stakeholders. Four key values underpin the success of the program: family, education, discipline, and civic engagement. The results indicate that successful programs need flexible—not standard—design commitment to program values, and consistency in mission and implementation. Implications for the design and implementation of sport programs to improve the athletic and academic performance of African-American girls are discussed.     

2001—2010年体育改革与发展纲要

为实现我国的现代化建设目标，充分发挥体育在提高人民物质文化生活中的作用。国家体育总局经过充分调研，经过1999年、2000年全国体育工作会议修改，制定（2001-2010年体育改革与发展纲要）。纲要明确了21世纪前10年我国体育的指导思想、基本战略和奋斗目标。提出：10年内，大众体育普及及程度明显提高，体育人口达总人口的40％左右；竞技体育保持亚洲领先，夏季奥运会前列，实现冬季奥运会零的突破；体育产业初具规模等。《纲要》是我国体育今后10年发展的纲领性文献。     

基于文献计量学与Citespace的我国体质测试研究

利用CitespaceV软件、以及统计学、逻辑分析法、资料法,梳理2000-2019年间我国体质测试研究领域的研究作者、时间、热点、以及相关主题聚类,并绘制相关图谱,旨在解读我国国民体质的研究现状,为后期理论研究与实践探索提供有益参考。结果发现:与我国体质测试相关联的七个研究模块:1.国民体质健康;2.社会群体;3.人才强国;4.基础指标;5.供给结构;6.网络环境;7.地域研究。同时,在整体研究趋势向好、向外发展的期间,核心作者群已初具雏形,以北京体育大学等高校牵头已开展了学术间交流合作,不仅注重国内理论基础实践,也探讨了欧美国家的研究经验,以助于提高我国国民体质健康水平。     

Rethinking segmentation within the psychological continuum model using Bayesian analysis

The Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) represents a theoretical framework in sport management to understand why and how consumer attitudes form and change. Prior researchers developed an algorithmic staging procedure using psychological involvement to operationalize the PCM framework within sport and recreational contexts. Although this staging procedure is pragmatically sound, it rests upon a procedure that, while intuitively sensible, lacks scientific rigor. The current research offers an alternative approach to PCM segmentation using Bayesian Latent Profile Analysis (Bayesian LPA). Comparing three analyses (the conventional PCM segmentation algorithm, K-means clustering, and Bayesian LPA), results demonstrated that Bayesian LPA provides a promising and alternative statistical approach that outperforms the conventional PCM staging algorithm in two ways: (a) it has the ability to classify individuals into the corresponding PCM segments with more distinct boundaries; and (b) it is equipped with stronger statistical power to predict conceptually related distal outcomes with larger effect size.