我国女子跳马现状与难新动作的发展方向

通过调研、文献资料及技术分析等研究方法,分析我国女子跳马项目难度动作的发展现状,剖析了我国女子跳马项目发展难新动作的有利条件,提出了今后几年我国女子跳马项目发展难新动作的方向。     

对第37届世锦赛和2003年全国锦标赛女子跳马技术动作的比较研究

对第37届世界体操锦标赛和2003年全国体操锦标赛决赛阶段女子跳马动作的起评分、完成质量和动作类型进行了对比分析。对部分动作做了解析，旨在了解目前世界及我国女子跳马发展状况，为我国传统弱项女子跳马技术水平的提高提供参考。     

从第34届世界体操锦标赛简析女子跳马发展状况与竞争格局

通过对第 34届世界体操锦标赛的调研 ,分析了当前女子跳马的发展趋势、存在问题和竞争格局 ,找出了中国女子跳马与世界跳马强国的差距 ,为备战 2 0 0 0年奥运会和制订 2 1世纪我国女子竞技体操发展战略提供依据。     

女子跳马的发展及其主要技术探讨

女子跳马比赛的历史自一九二八年第九届奥运会首开女子体操比赛历史和一九三四年第十届世界体操锦标赛第一次设立跳马奖以来,女子跳马经历了水平腾越、手翻和手翻转体腾越、空翻和空翻转体腾越等几个发展阶段。整个四十年代由于战争而中断比赛达十余年,因此,一九五二年以前的女子跳马项目还只是处于初始阶段。     

对女子跳马训练方法的探讨

跳马是我国女子体操的弱项，为改变女子跳马的落后状态，提高运动技术水平，本文对女子跳马训练进行了总体设计，并在专项能力训练、技术训练、心理训练等方面提出了有效的训练方法，为广大教练员和运动员提供参考。     

从第39届世界体操锦标赛谈女子跳马发展现状及我国发展对策

本文运用文献资料、数理统计、观察等方法,通过对第39届世界体操赛女子跳马的成绩、类型动作、动作难度等统计分析。结果表明:踺子类动作已成为世界女子跳马发展的主流,我国应以我为主,有重点的全面发展另类型动作,继续培养跳马尖子运动员。     

王恬恬跳马前手翻直体前空翻转体540°的运动学分析

采用运动学分析 ,揭示我国女子优秀跳马运动员王恬恬完成的跳马前手翻直体前空翻转体 5 4 0°的高难前沿动作的规律和技术特点 ,对发展此类动作 ,提高我国女子跳马技术水平有重要的现实意义     

浅论新奥运周期世界女子跳马的发展趋势

本文通过观察统计和文献资料等科研方法研究了新奥运周期的两届世界体操锦标赛女子跳马比赛，分析了当今世界女子跳马的发展趋势．研究结果表明：加快掌握高难动作是女子跳马发展的趋向，加难的重点在第二腾空阶段；难度动作的发展集中体现在4种类型动作上；确保落地稳定是跳马比赛夺冠的关键；参与跳马竞争的国家分布范围逐渐扩展，竞争日趋激烈。     

新规则下世界女子跳马运动发展趋势的研究

本文通过对第39届、第40届世界体操锦标赛女子跳马决赛的比赛动作进行了对比分析研究,探讨了新规则下世界女子跳马运动的发展趋势。结果表明:女子跳马项目出现了运动员的垄断性,动作类型选择集中于踺子上板类动作,难度动作的选择趋于分散,动作难度和动作质量需要提高,提高动作难度成为制胜的前提。     

浅谈跳马的基本技术训练方法、手段对难度发展的影响

通过对跳马部分基本技术训练方法、手段的研究,探讨跳马难度发展与基本技术各环节教学之间的密切关系,并对女子跳马动作发展和趋势进行初步探讨。     

大学生女子撑杆跳高短期训练计划的实效性研究

为了探讨大学生女子撑杆跳高短期训练计划的实效性,本文作者运用运动训练学等学科原理,结合作者多年从事高校业余运动训练的实践经验,设计了大学生女子撑杆跳高运动员短期训练计划的内容和时间安排及运动负荷的控制。实践结果表明：针对高校业余运动训练特点,制定和贯彻切实可行的训练计划,能使大学生女子撑杆跳高运动员在较短时间内取得预期的效果,在比赛中获得好名次。     

Comparison of the men's and the women's pole vault at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games

The aim of this study was to identify differences between elite male and female pole vaulters in terms of their mechanical energy and angular momentum. The vaulter's total mechanical energy and angular momentum were calculated from the three-dimensional kinematic data of the pole vault finals at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. The development of total, kinetic and potential energy showed similar characteristics for men and women. The initial energy of the vault, the energy at maximum pole bend position and the final energy were significantly higher for male athletes (P <0.05), while the energy gain produced by the athletes during the vault showed no significant differences (male vaulters 5.88 +/- 1.02 J.kg(-1), female vaulters 5.74 +/- 1.63 J.kg(-1)). Time-related parameters relating to pole bending and recoiling also showed no significant differences (P <0.05). In contrast to the male vaulters, the female vaulters did not show a free upward flight phase. The angular momentum was significantly higher for the female vaulters during the initial pole bend and during the bar clearance (P <0.05). We conclude that the pole vaulting technique of female elite athletes is not a projection of the technique of male elite vaulters at a lower jump height, but rather a different way of jumping and interacting with the elastic pole. The current technique of elite female pole vaulters still has potential for further improvement.     

撑杆跳高握杆两手对撑杆的作用力的研究

根据材料力学理论,利用测力—摄影同步采集的方法,在弹性材料电测技术的帮助下,计算出撑杆跳高运动员握杆两手对撑杆的作用力,发现了运动员的一些用力特点。在撑杆跳高技术的研究方法上作了进一步的探索。     

高水平女子撑竿跳运动员的大周期力量训练分期

对我国2名国家队高水平女子撑竿跳运动员一个参赛周期的力量训练分期进行研究。结果认为:(1)根据撑竿跳运动专项力量构成特点,一个参赛周期的力量训练可沿基础性全身力量训练、原动肌肉体积适度增加训练、原动肌肉最大力量提高训练、专项爆发力提高训练、最大力量与专项爆发力保持训练途径进行阶段性复合训练;(2)分期式力量训练不仅有助于专项力量的转化与提高,而且可以保证竞赛期专项力量在比赛中发挥积极的作用。通过个案研究发现,2名国家队高水平女子撑竿跳运动员经过系统性力量分期训练,在各项最大力量(负重半蹲、上斜卧推、肩上推举、硬拉、腿弯举、提踵)与专项力量指标(下肢无氧功率自行车测试、助跑5级跨跳远、跳远)上较上一训练周期有了较明显的提高,并促进了专项成绩的进一步提高。     

中国女子竞技体操现状分析

女子竞技体操拥有一批优秀的教练员和运动员,取得过奥运会、世锦赛、世界杯的单项冠军,但是,发展处于不平衡的局面.高低杠、平衡木是我国传统的强项,而跳马、自由体操是我国女子体操的弱项.这种不平衡的状况影响我国女子竞技体操的全面发展,也制约了我国竞技体操的奥运争光计划的实施.     

Cinematographic Analysis of the Handspring Vault

Handspring vaults performed by 10 advanced-level female gymnasts were analyzed using a three-segment model. Kinematic variables and energy changes were measured for the preflight, contact, and after-flight phases. Each vault was scored with regard to kinematic factors only, and a correlation matrix between all of the measured variables was calculated. It was found that even though the preflight variables of the gymnasts as they left the takeoff board were very similar, their vertical velocities at initial horse contact varied considerably, with the poorest vaults showing downward velocities. This appeared to be a principal factor determining the outcome of the vault. All gymnasts lost horizontal speed, angular momentum, and mechanical energy during the contact phase.     

Anthropometric and biomechanical field measures of floor and vault ability in 8 to 14 year old talent-selected gymnasts

The aim of this study was to identify the anthropometric and physical prerequisites for high difficulty floor tumbling and vaulting. Twenty 8-14 year old female talent-selected gymnasts performed handstand push-offs, and single and multiple jumps on a portable Kistler force plate. The force curves were analysed using Kistler and Excel software to obtain peak displacement, peak take-off force, and power The gymnasts were also assessed for sprinting, with and without vaulting, and standing broad jump performances. Video footage from the vault take-off was analysed using Video Expert II software to obtain the horizontal and vertical take-off velocities. Each gymnast's best vault starting score, three best floor tumbling skills, and anthropometric characteristics were recorded. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the effect of age (8-10 years, 11-12 years, 13-14 years) on the performance measures and linear regression analysis with performance start score for vault or best floor tumbling score as the outcome variable. The best regression model for indicating vaulting talent had, as predictor variables, resultant velocity at take-off from the board, squat jump power, and average power during the last five jumps in the continuous bent-leg jump series. The best regression model for indicating floor tumbling ability had, as predictor variables, age, vault running velocity, and reduced ground contact time in a handstand push-off.     

从第41、42届体操世锦赛看世界女子跳马技术发展趋势

以2届女子跳马决赛运动员为研究对象,采用文献资料、录像观察与统计等方法,分析2009年规则下世界女子跳马技术发展的新趋向。"踺子后手翻"类分别与"踺子后手翻转体180°"类及"前手翻"类的动作组合,将会是世界优秀女选手2跳动作搭配的主要形式;掌握"不同组别不同类型"的2个6.5分乃至更高D分价值的动作和难度创新动作将是众多优秀选手发展的重点;E分的主导因素趋于增强;"原"类动作的消失将引起密切关注。     

Hitting the vault board: Implications for vaulting take‐off ‐ a preliminary investigation

Gymnastics vaulting relies on a specialized take‐off board for propulsion during the take‐off phase of the vault. There is little information on the vault board and its behaviour. The aim of this study was to characterize the behaviour of the vault board during handspring drill take‐offs of young male gymnasts (n = 36). The side of the top surface of the vault board and the wooden base were marked with three reflective markers, placed at the end of the vault board nearest the vault table and the centres of the two rearmost coil springs. The vault board surface was divided into two areas, rear and middle, based on marker location. The gymnasts’ groups were determined from the location of the gymnast's lateral malleolus at vault board contact. Landings with the malleolus directly above or behind the rearmost marker were considered rear landings; landings with the malleolus forward of the rearmost marker were considered middle landings. Marker movements were automatically digitized and the right malleolus was hand digitized at 120 Hz. The maximum vertical displacement, vertical deflection time, and vertical velocity at take‐off of the vault board markers did not differ statistically between board contact groups (all p > 0.05). The lateral malleolus velocity components also did not differ between board contact groups. Some low to moderately strong correlations were observed between the various marker displacements, durations and take‐off velocities. Modest correlations were obtained between board markers and right malleolus velocities. The results indicate that foot contact on the vault board, as defined here, did not result in differences in board marker behaviour or right lateral malleolus velocities. This information does not support the idea that vault board contacts at the rear of the vault board are worse than contacts near the middle of the vault board. More research is needed to ascertain the role of the vault board's vibration characteristics to whole body actions that are observed in the subsequent preflight phase.