eSport gehört nicht unter das Dach des organisierten Sports

Despite the increasing pressure both at the political level and in the media to place competitive video games (so-called esports) under the umbrella of club and federation sport, the German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) and its member associations have all reason to reject any such incorporation: competitive computer games can be neither identified nor defined by their motor activity; they run counter to the health and educational benefits of sport, thus jeopardising sport’s social legitimacy; and they exhibit no organisational structures that meet the requirements of club and federation sport. The article reflects the current stance of sports federations in dealing with esport and recommends that federation sport adopts a clear strategy of demarcation.     

Rahmenbedingungen männlichen Gerätturnens im deutschen Spitzensportsystem: Disziplinspezifische Anmerkungen zur nationalen Debatte

In German sports science, the national elite sport promotion system is a steady topic of discussions. The federal government and the German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) expect new impetus of the reformed elite sport system in the areas of, inter alia, young athlete promotion, scientific support, and the coaches’ situation in German elite sport. The present article is a discipline-specific approach to these three issues for men’s artistic gymnastics. The first author served in various functions in German gymnastics (former squad athlete, young athletes‘ coach, academic teaching) for several years and is familiar with essential problems due to close communication with gymnasts, coaches, scientists, and officials. The purpose of this article is to point out specific challenges in men’s artistic gymnastics in view of the present debate on the German elite sport promotion system. This is intended to stimulate further discussions on solution approaches concerning the common exploitation of potentials.     

Sports Analytics

This paper introduces the field of Sport Analytics and discusses its relevance for sports sciences. The term originates from the US and has become a synonym for the collection, analysis and application of sports data in many countries. There are different goals and interests, which vary according to the different stakeholders. Professional sport clubs use the data for match analysis, regulation of training load, prevention of injuries and supporting transfer decisions. Media companies differentiate themselves from other market players by enhancing their sports program using innovative statistics. The world’s largest information technology (IT) companies use sports data as a showcase for their data analytics products. In addition, the academic world can benefit from the huge volumes of information. The data enable sport science to analyse the structure of sports performance, test the effectiveness of interventions and find new paradigms for modelling. Computer science can use the data to improve their algorithms for big data analytics, data mining and machine learning. Many scientific conferences, textbooks, special issues in scientific journals and a subject-specific journal are indicators of the ongoing academic institutionalization of Sports Analytics. In order to establish compatibility to international structures and to improve job prospects for its graduates, sport science should adapt to this international evolution of the field.     

Vom erwartbaren Erkenntnispotenzial der Auftragsforschung zu Sportvereinen

Sports club research has a long tradition in Germany and has produced a considerable variety of methodological approaches and theoretical as well as empirical knowledge. This article provides an epistemologically oriented determination and reflection of the potential of knowledge of current sports club research against the background of the tender objectives of the sports development report on waves 7 to 9 (SEB 3.0). It becomes clear that in conflict between normatively charged goals of the SEB—defined by the public client (principal)—non-judgmental, theory-guided and theory-based empirical sports club research is hardly possible. This means that it is rather difficult to carry out sports club research that is based on current research and is also able to generate new and reliable scientific knowledge. Therefore, a clearer differentiation is recommended between knowledge-guided research and normatively broken objectives aimed at policy advice. In dealing with these issues, methodological and methodological strategies are proposed to achieve the goals of SEB 3.0. At the same time, the chance of generating additional theoretical and empirical knowledge on the subject of “sports club” is increased.     

Sportwissenschaft,Bewegungsförderung und Public Health

This article aims at balancing chances and risks of a stronger public health focus of sport science. It addresses current opportunities and challenges for sport science research and consultation. In order to highlight both the specific potential of sport science for public health and the particular opportunities of public health for sport science, three central aspects are analyzed: (1) the concept of movement, (2) the health promotion approach, and (3) the constitution of sport science as science of practice. In the concluding section, potential consequences of a more systematic public health orientation in sport science are discussed. Both external evaluation criteria (e.?g. consultation services, third party funding) as well as aspects primarily internal to science (e.?g. theory development, scientific publications) are considered.     

“医体结合”在职业社会体育指导员发展中的应用

运用文献研究法、调查法、总结归纳等研究方法,以职业发展理论、市场经济理论、医学和体育学理论为理论基础,结合我国有关文件法规,对＂医体结合＂应用于职业社会体育指导员发展的职业方向和可行性进行分析,论述了＂医体结合＂应用于职业社会体育指导员的社会价值,提出开发＂医体结合＂类特色职业社会体育指导员类别、医学类院校和体院类院校共同培养以及吸纳医学和＂医体结合＂专业人才加入职业社会体育指导员队伍的三重路径选择,并制定出相关培养方案。     

League design and sporting challenge as factors in amateur golf players’ satisfaction

The organization of individual sports into leagues has received little attention in research, but its practical relevance has increased. This article aims to elucidate the role of competitive balance and league design elements in a sports league with less spectator demand from a player perspective. The analysis focuses on the reformed German Golf League. Because this league is an amateur league with no payment for players and currently few spectators, a change in perspective is appropriate. The empirical results of the stated preference approach highlight the relevance of perceived competitive balance as well as several league characteristics for the players. The findings thus show that governing bodies of sports leagues should focus on both the development of an optimal league design and soft aspects to deliver attractive and challenging competition from a player’s perspective.     

训练科学与训练实践的深度融合——现实·障碍·建议

训练科学与训练实践的深度融合是我国竞技体育高质量发展的重要保证和重要特征。然而，训练科学与训练实践，以及科研人员与教练员之间的差异让二者的深度融合面临诸多障碍。认识和接受二者的差异并扫清障碍是二者实现深度融合的前提。立足训练实践是训练科学支撑和指导，甚至是引领训练实践的关键。本文介绍了训练科学的研究范式和训练实践的真实状况，分析了影响二者深度融合的障碍，并基于国际发展动态和我国竞技体育的现状对二者的深度融合提出了建议。     

Assessing coaches’ professional knowledge

Professional competency of sport and exercise coaches has been conceptualised differently depending on the theoretical and methodical approach taken. To date, no model of professional coaching competency has been agreed upon. The aim of this study was to develop a competency model for sport coaches drawing on well-known competency models developed in the context of teacher education and to empirically assess parts of the model. We developed an initial pool of 295 multiple choice items and administered them to a sample of 531 youths (mean age: 16.2 years) directly after they had completed the German Football Association’s (Deutscher Fußball-Bund) “Junior Coach in Schule und Verein” (Junior Coach for Schools and Clubs) training programme. Results of analyses of one-, two-, five-, and six-dimensional models by means of Rasch scaling indicate that the data are best represented by either a two- or a five-dimensional model depending on the fit criteria chosen. While content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge are presented in the two-dimensional model, the five-dimensional model allows discrimination among football-specific content knowledge, basic content knowledge of training science, basic content knowledge of first aid and pedagogical content knowledge of planning training sessions and instructional/methodological pedagogical knowledge. Further investigation should be made into the suitability of competency models developed in the context of teacher evaluation for modelling the competency of sport coaches and into the extent to which such models can be extrapolated to various sports.     

“双一流”背景下体育科技期刊与体育学科建设互动融合发展研究

以传播学术、培养人才、促进成果转化、涵养学术道德为宗旨的体育科技期刊,是体育学科建设的重要组成,对“双一流”建设发挥着举足轻重的作用。体育科技期刊与体育学科建设相互促进,相辅相成,“双一流”战略为我国体育科技期刊发展带来了新的机遇和挑战。体育科技期刊应认清自身在“双一流”战略中的责任使命,勇于担当,不辱使命,主动加强自身建设,服务与引领体育学科建设发展。建议:在理念上,树立共建共享的发展理念,找准利益结合点,完善学科团队办刊制度;在内容上,依托体育学科发展优势和特色,凝心聚力办好重点栏目和特色栏目;在技术上,归口中国体育科学学会期刊工作委员会统一指导,不断推进体育科技期刊数字化转型升级;在管理上,加强科研诚信和出版伦理建设,实施全面质量管理,深入推进体育科技期刊与体育学科建设的互动融合发展。     

关于建立城市体育学的战略思考

通过运用文献资料法、比较法等研究方法,从建立城市体育学的缘由、基础、内容等视角,就建立城市体育学进行了论证。研究认为:不断完善的城市学学科建设产生了城市体育学发展的土壤,城市跨越式发展带来的问题为建立城市体育学提供了可能,城市化进程中的城市效应发挥奠定了城市体育学的建立基础;快速发展的和谐城市与城市体育为建立城市体育学提供了良好的社会基础,迅速崛起的城市经济与体育产业为建立城市体育学提供了殷实的经济基础,逐渐兴盛的城市品牌与体育特色为建立城市体育学提供了深厚的文化基础;城市体育学基本理论研究是城市体育学的主要研究内容,城市与体育本质关系和城市体育系统内部关系研究是对城市体育学基本理论研究的延伸,是指导城市体育建设与发展的应用理论。     

科学知识图谱视域下2008年-2019年我国运动训练研究演进分析

在科学知识可视化条件下,分析2008年-2019年我国运动训练研究领域科学研究演进规律,以及领域内热点与前沿的分布情况。以中国知网数据库(CNKI)收录的1428篇11年内关于运动训练主题的核心期刊文献题录信息为研究对象。运行可视化软件cite space对题录信息进行分析。结果:11年内我国运动训练研究的科学成果文献数量成下降趋势;发文量逐年下降,科研机构单一。文献来源主要集中于《北京体育大学学报》、《上海体育学院学报》、《南京体育学院学报》;研究机构主要集中于北京体育大学、华南师范大学、上海体育学院、苏州大学、南京体育学院;作者主要集中于邓运龙、李少丹、陈小平、仇乃民、田麦久;高频关键词集中于运动训练、竞技体育、运动员;仇乃民、郝选明、肖国强、田麦久、田振军等成为运动训练领域中热点作者的代表;过去10年运动训练领域研究中,运动、有氧运动、知识图谱、热点研究、教练员等方面成为高突显性研究内容。我国运动训练领域研究仍有不足之处,科研机构亟须广泛化以及研究深度亟须扩充。     

美国高校竞技体育发展概况

对美国高校竞技体育的发展概况进行了回顾,分析了美国高校竞技体育的管理、组织和运作机制,探讨了美国高校竞技体育的文化内涵。研究结果表明：高校竞技体育是美国培养竞技体育后备人才的摇篮;高校竞技体育承担着传播体育文化的重任;高校竞技体育创造着巨大的社会效益和经济效益;高校竞技体育的管理先进、组织合理、运作规范,保障了高校竞技体育的健康发展,真正实现了体育与教育的融合发展。建议我国建立高校体育联盟,推动高校联赛的市场化,扩大高校竞技体育筹资渠道,完善高校竞技体育的师资聘用制度和学生运动员的招生制度。     

我国民族传统体育项目的竞技特点研究

中华民族传统体育是世界体育文化的重要组成部分，同时也是竞技体育的一个分支，为了使民族传统体育的发展尽快适应当代竞技体育与社会体育经济发展的需要，文章采用文献资料法、数据分析和比较法等研究方法，对我国民族传统体育的一些较为有代表性项目的竞技特点进行研究，找出其中的竞技特点规律，为传统体育项目竞技化发展提出科学的理论依据。     

Is sports science answering the call for interdisciplinary research? A systematic review

Sports science research is traditionally monodisciplinary despite calls for an interdisciplinary focus. The primary purpose of this systematic review was to identify studies on talent identification, talent selection and competition performance to determine whether interdisciplinary research is being conducted. Thirty-six studies met the selection criteria. These studies were critiqued relative to sport, skill level, sport science sub-disciplines included, and whether the research was multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary. The secondary purpose of the review was to critique the level of analysis and level of representative task design in performance tests used in the studies. Twenty-five studies were categorised as interdisciplinary, with 11 categorised as multidisciplinary. Thirteen sports were represented with soccer the most frequent followed by field hockey, Australian Rules football, handball and rugby league. Thirty-two studies completed their analysis at a group level and four at an individual level. A total of 337 performance tests were rated for representative task design with 64 categorised as low, 123 as medium and 150 as high. The results pertaining to interdisciplinary studies and individual analyses are discussed in relation to constraints theory, which predicts that interacting variables can explain sport performance. Sports science research is beginning to fulfil the call for interdisciplinary research. Future research, however, needs to consider individual analyses and representative task design of tests to progress sports science knowledge.     

从注重“治已病”到聚焦“治未病”的科学训练体系研究

随着《体育强国建设纲要》的战略任务明确指出:提升竞技体育综合实力,增强为国争光能力。构建科学合理的训练体系受到学术界和体育工作者的广泛关注。同时,还面临备战东京奥运会和北京冬奥会时间紧任务重的巨大挑战,更需要依靠科学理论指导下进行科学训练。本研究主要从训练与恢复携手并进、构设中国特色现代化体系竞赛体系与学校体育的衔接体系、构建训练理论与训练实践衔接体系、搭建体医融合的健康科学训练体系等方面进行研究;并建议:以跨界跨项选材为基础;以青少年的梯队建设为起点;以核心队员的培养为重点;以运动员的训练过程跟踪为途径;延长运动生涯。为我国构建竞技体育的科学训练体系,但是在借鉴、摸索和创新过程中仍需要进一步加强科学性和系统性,以便为我国竞技体育训练科学化和奥运备战工作的开展提供实践和理论依据。     

我国体育经纪人职业概况与前景研究

对全国体育经纪人职业的基本状况与发展前景进行了研究,结果表明,我国体育经纪人主要分布在北京、天津、上海、广州等大城市;全国有15个省(区、市)、3个计划单列市培训过体育经纪人;体育经纪人的行业分布主要是各类企业、体育文化娱乐公司、体育院校、政府部门、传播业等;体育经纪人以中青年男性为主;体育经纪组织多以各类公司的形式存在,公司法人是我国现有体育经纪人的主要组织形式;目前我国体育经纪人职业的供给市场充足,需求市场极具潜力,体育经纪人职业的发展势头较好。     

体育科技的内涵及其服务于实践的途径

体育科技是体育科学和体育技术的总称。体育科学是揭示体育领域内事物发展客观规律的知识体系,体育技术是改变或控制环境的手段或活动,体育科技应用于实践是由多角色综合努力、相互作用得以实现的。体育科学研究、体育技术发明创新、体育实践应用是体育科技服务于运动的实践的途径。当前存在的重要问题是:体育科学研究不够深入,体育技术发明创新常被忽视。     

探索实践"六位一体"工作思路努力培养高水平竞技体育人才

山东体育学院在竞技体育工作中,不断发展和创新“六位一体”的工作思路和工作机制,即训练为主体,科技为先导。比赛为核心,医疗做保障,教育是基础,管理是关键。这六个方面相互依存,相互联系,全方位系统地整合了各方面的优势因素和资源,实现了山东体院竞技体育工作跨越式发展。     

关于竞技体育学与运动训练学理论认识问题的思考

竞技体育学理论和运动训练学理论不是一个层次的理论问题，传统竞技体育学理论涵盖了运动员选材学、运动训练学、运动竞赛学以及竞技体育管理学等4个子学科；从竞技体育学理论体系结构的完整性和运动选材学科发展的需要，有必要把“运动员选材学”发展成为“运动选材学”；并提出了新的竞技体育理论体系构成的有序结构，使竞技体育专项系统层的目标、任务更加明确，为运动训练各个阶段训练工作的具体操作确定明确的方向。