云南省成年人身体形态现状与规律的研究

通过对我省四个监测片的13个监测站5626名成年人身高、体重、(体重／身高)&;#215;1000(克托莱指数)测试结果的研究表明：我省成年人身高较稳定。男子18～25岁、女子26～30岁身高达峰值。男女身高均值为166．4cm与155．1cm，与’94中国职工男女身高均值我省成年人身高相比偏矮。男女身高均值在36～40岁即出现显著性降低，与’94中国职工比较提前了近9年。男女身高从峰值到成年末期分别减少2．66cm与2．76cm。成年人体重18～25岁最小，体重随年龄增长而增大。男子到41～45岁、女子46～50岁体重达峰值，男女分别增长4．07kg与7．57kg，其增幅与持续时间女子均较男子为大。体重达峰值后有随年龄增长逐渐减少的趋势。     

我国与世界优秀女子足球运动员年龄、身高、体重特征的比较研究

研究对象:参加2003年女子足球世界杯的16支球队的297名运动员,以及参加2003年中国女子足球超级联赛排名前12支球队的334名运动员。研究方法:文献资料法、比较分析法、数理统计法。研究结果与分析1.我国女子足球运动员年龄、身高、体重平均值均低于世界优秀女子队员的平均水平,在年龄和体重方面存在非常显著性差异,而身高差异不具有显著性。目前世界优秀女子足球运动员的平均年龄为24.7岁,平均身高为168.6cm,平均体重为60.8kg。而我国女子足球运动员的平均年龄为21.0岁,平均身高为168.1cm,平均体重为59.4kg。在身高方面我国女子足球运动员平…     

1997年中国成年人体质监测公报

监测未用随机整群取样方法,监测对象是 19个省、区、市的年龄为 18～60岁(女 55岁)的公民,最终参加运算的样本为 105 328人,获得 3 007 142个有效数据。主要结果为:男子平均身高为169.2 cm,女子为 158.6 cm;男子平均体重为 66.5 kg,女子为 56.8 kg。50岁前体重、相对体重随年龄增大,50岁后略减;北方人身材高大,南方人身材瘦小;东部地区人群体质好于中、西部。中国成年人体质方面存在的问题主要是有28.6％的人未达测定合格标准、开始向肥胖型发展等。提出改善中国成年人体质状况的主要措施主要有加强宣传,提高认识,扩大监测,吸引成年人参加体育活动等。     

第十四届冬季奥运会拾零

十四届冬季奥运会男子速滑五个单项冠军荣获者的平均年龄为23.4岁,平均身高为1.76米,平均体重为75.4kg。十四届冬季奥运会女子速滑四个单项冠军荣获者的平均年龄为23.75岁,平均身高为1.6925米,平均体重为65.5kg。我国男子速滑三千米全国最高纪录4′21″7。恰与世界女子速滑三千米纪录相同。     

国外关于女性身体素质的研究

(一) 女性身体素质方面的主要缺陷是社会及文化因素所造成,并不是生物学因素决定的。 男子与女子的差异在于解剖学、肌肉组织、新陈代谢率及激素。男子的平均身高比女子高4～5时,男子的平均体重较女子重25～40磅,男子的肌肉及     

优秀网球运动员身高、体重和克托莱指数特征的研究

本文对ATP、WTA年终排名前50名的优秀网球运动员的身高、体重和克莱指数特征进行了统计分析,结果发现:(1)优秀网球运动员身高、体重及克托莱指数总的区间值:男子优秀网球运动员的身高为183.68±6.26cm,体重为77.76±7.45kg,克托莱指数为442.7±30.0;女子优秀运动员的身高为173.10±6.93cm,体重为62.15±6.02kg,克托莱指数为358.8±28.5。从以上分析可以看出,作为隔网对抗项目,网球优秀运动员具有身材匀称、修长的特点。男子优秀网球运动员身高的全值信区间为164.90～202.46cm左右,其体重为56.38～99.14kg,而克托莱指数为352.7～532.7;女…     

中国聋人篮球运动发展现状及对策研究

在对我国聋人篮球运动员现状调查中发现,我国聋人篮球运动员的年龄绝大部分都在25岁以下,男子平均身高179．24cm,平均体重71．14kg,女子平均身高167．76cm,平均体重58．74kg,基本完成了九年制义务教育。我国聋人篮球运动员从事篮球的目的都集中在热爱篮球,运动员训练年限男子分布比较平均．女子则集中在一年以下,家人对其参加篮球运动都持支持的态度,我国聋人篮球运动员经济来源主要来自于家庭。此次聋人篮球比赛赛前集训时间集中在1～3个月,队员对于训练环境基本满意。为了发展和提高我国聋人篮球运动,应加强省市级的聋人篮球基础工作,建立建全省市聋人篮球的梯队建设,加大投入,使得我国聋人篮球运动更快地发展。     

内蒙古大学九○级女生体质现状与分析

体质研究在高校具有十分重要的意义。本文试图通过对内蒙古大学九○级200名女生身体形态、机能和素质主要指标的测试与统计分析,探讨影响女生体质水平提高的因素,为大学女生体育教材,教法和体育锻炼提供参考依据。研究结果表明,经过测试的同一人群女生身高、体重与肺活量三项形态、机能指标均值分别为158.75cm、49.86kg、2717ml,而50米跑、立定跳远、铅球、800米跑四项身体素质指标均值分别为9.42″、166.5cm、476.5cm、237.86″。以上测试指标与1985年全国学生体质调研中有关大学女生的同类指标均值相比则无明显变化,个别指标有所下降或略微提高。其中体重、肺活量、铅球三项指标的差距相对较大。通     

伦敦奥运会田径运动员身体形态与参赛年龄分析

运用数理统计法等对2012年伦敦奥运会田径项目所有运动员进行统计分析。主要结论：伦敦奥运会男子田径运动员平均身高、体重、克托莱指数、参赛年龄分别为181.87cm、77.14kg、421.88、26.62岁;女子为169.96cm、60.45kg、354.08、26.64岁;不同地区、不同项群男、女田径运动员身体形态、参赛年龄均存在显著性差异（P<0.01）。建议我国应根据地区、人种、项目、性别、文化等特点,进行针对性选材,科学训练、积极备战、逐个突破。     

江苏省吴江市国家公务员身体形态与机能状况研究

2004年抽取吴江市国家公务员1735人,进行体质测定,同时进行国家公务员体质成分的测试和二次ETT的测试。研究结果显示:江苏省吴江市男性公务员的身高、体重均要高于全国同龄均值;男性的BMI评定基本处于正常范围内,只有30—34岁段男性有超重现象。女性在身高上要高于全国均值,女性BMI除45—54年龄段属于超重范围内外,其余各年龄段都在正常体重范围之内。机能方面,公务员普遍存在心肺耐力较差的现状。     

Changes in body mass,stature and BMI in South African elite U18 Rugby players from different racial groups from 2002–2012

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences between racial groups for body mass, stature and body mass index (BMI) in South African elite U18 rugby players and whether there were significant changes in these measurements between 2002 and 2012. Self-reported body mass and stature were obtained from U18 players (n = 4007) who attended the national tournament during this period. BMI was calculated for each player.White players were 9.8 kg heavier than black players, who were 2.3 kg heavier than coloured players (P < 0.0001). The body mass of all groups increased from 2002 to 2012 (P < 0.0001). White players were 7.0 cm taller than black players who were 0.5 cm taller than coloured players (P < 0.0001). Players’ stature measurements did not change significantly during the study period. The average BMI of white players was 0.9 kg·m^?2 greater than black players who were on average 0.7 kg·m^?2 greater than coloured players (P < 0.0001). The BMI of all groups changed similarly over the study period. The body mass, stature and BMI of elite under-18 rugby players in South Africa were significantly different between racial groups. This has implications for transforming the game to make it representative of the South African population.     

Specific muscular development in under-18 soccer players

A comparison of the under-18 (U-18) and under-16 (U-16) squads of the Canadian national soccer team with a representative sample of Canadians (Canada Fitness Survey, 1983) showed a tendency for the development or selection of the older players in teams of stature (U-18, 175.8 cm; U-16, 171.1 cm; CFS, 170.9 cm) and lean body mass (U-18, 63.4; U-16, 57.9; CFS, 54.2 kg). The larger lean mass of the older players could not be explained simply by size. The U-18s also showed greater isokinetic leg extension force (particularly for rapid movements) and explosive strength (vertical jump) relative to the younger players, although the knee extension force was less than in some classes of athlete. Part of the gain in mass seems due to local training of the hip and leg muscles and part to a more general muscular development. Contrary to some reports, the hip flexibility of the Canadian players (sit and reach test) was greater than for a national sample; this may be important in avoiding soft tissue injuries to the legs. However, aerobic power (58.3 +/- 5.3 ml kg-1 min-1) and body fat (8.0 +/- 1.1%) were unremarkable.     

对第20届冬奥会自由式滑雪雪上技巧运动员身体基本形态特征的研究

通过文献资料法、数理统计法和比较分析法对参加第20届冬奥会自由式滑雪Moguls运动员(35名男运动员和30名女运动员)的年龄、身高、体重和克托莱指数进行统计分析。结果表明:男运动员的平均年龄为24.06岁,平均身高为175.14 cm,平均体重为72.91kg,平均克托莱指数为416.13;女运动员的平均年龄为25岁,平均身高为161.36 cm,平均体重为53.07kg,平均克托莱指数为356.60。这些优秀运动员的身体基本形态指标可以为我国自由式滑雪雪上技巧运动员的科学选材、科学训练提供一定的参考。     

A comparison of men's and women's strength to body mass ratio and varus/valgus knee angle during jump landings

The purpose of this investigation was to compare valgus/varus knee angles during various jumps and lower body strength between males and females relative to body mass. Seventeen recreationally active females (age: 21.94 ± 2.59 years; height: 1.67 ± 0.05 m; mass: 64.42 ± 8.39 kg; percent body fat: 26.89 ± 6.26%; squat one-repetition maximum: 66.18 ± 19.47 kg; squat to body mass ratio: 1.03 ± 0.28) and 13 recreationally active males (age: 21.69 ± 1.65 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.07 m; mass: 72.39 ± 9.23 kg; percent body fat: 13.15 ± 5.18%; squat one-repetition maximum: 115.77 ± 30.40 kg; squat to body mass ratio: 1.59 ± 0.31) performed a one-repetition maximum in the squat and three of each of the following jumps: countermovement jump, 30 cm drop jump, 45 cm drop jump, and 60 cm drop jump. Knee angles were analysed using videography and body composition was analysed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to allow for squat to body mass ratio and squat to fat free mass ratio to be calculated. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between male and female one-repetition maximum, male and female squat to body mass ratio, and male and female squat to fat free mass ratio. Significant differences were found between male and female varus/valgus knee positions during maximum flexion of the right and left leg in the countermovement jump, drop jump from 30 cm, drop jump from 45 cm, and drop jump from 60 cm. Correlations between varus/valgus knee angles and squat to body mass ratio for all jumps displayed moderate, non-significant relationships (countermovement jump: r = 0.445; drop jump from 30 cm: r = 0.448; drop jump from 45 cm: r = 0.449; drop jump from 60 cm: r = 0.439). In conclusion, males and females have significantly different lower body strength and varus/valgus knee position when landing from jumps.     

Olympic lightweight and open-class rowers possess distinctive physical and proportionality characteristics

Rowers competing at the 2000 Olympic Games were measured for 38 anthropometric dimensions. The aim was to identify common physical characteristics that could provide a competitive advantage. The participants included 140 male open-class rowers, 69 female open-class rowers, 50 male lightweight rowers, and 14 female lightweight rowers. Body mass, stature, and sitting height were different (P < 0.01) between the open-class and lightweight rowers, as well as a comparison group of healthy young adults ("non-rowers", 42 males, 71 females), for both sexes. After scaling for stature, the open-class rowers remained proportionally heavier than the non-rowers, with greater proportional chest, waist, and thigh dimensions (P < 0.01). Rowers across all categories possessed a proportionally smaller hip girth than the non-rowers (P < 0.01), which suggested the equipment places some constraints on this dimension. Top-ranked male open-class rowers were significantly taller and heavier and had a greater sitting height (P < 0.01) than their lower-ranked counterparts. They were also more muscular in the upper body, as indicated by a larger relaxed arm girth and forearm girth (P < 0.01). For the male lightweight rowers, only proportional thigh length was greater in the best competitors (P < 0.01). In the female open-class rowers, skinfold thicknesses were lower in the more highly placed competitors (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the rowers in this sample demonstrated distinctive physical characteristics that distinguish them from non-rowers and other sports performers.     

Specific muscular development in under‐18 soccer players

A comparison of the under‐18 (U‐18) and under‐16 (U‐16) squads of the Canadian national soccer team with a representative sample of Canadians (Canada Fitness Survey, 1983) showed a tendency for the development or selection of the older players in teams of stature (U‐18, 175.8 cm; U‐16, 171.1 cm; CFS, 170.9 cm) and lean body mass (U‐18, 63.4; U‐16, 57.9; CFS, 54.2 kg). The larger lean mass of the older players could not be explained simply by size. The U‐18s also showed greater isokinetic leg extension force (particularly for rapid movements) and explosive strength (vertical jump) relative to the younger players, although the knee extension force was less than in some classes of athlete. Part of the gain in mass seems due to local training of the hip and leg muscles and part to a more general muscular development. Contrary to some reports, the hip flexibility of the Canadian players (sit and reach test) was greater than for a national sample; this may be important in avoiding soft tissue injuries to the legs. However, aerobic power (58.3±5.3 ml kg^‐1 min^‐1) and body fat (8.0±l.l%) were unremarkable.     

Anthropological status of international calibre speed skaters

The purpose of the study was to determine the anthropological status of elite male and female speed skaters, who were members of the 1985-7 Canadian national teams. The data were compared to those for a control group of University students. The subjects were 8 males and 6 females between 19 and 27 years of age. Nine breadth, 14 girth, 16 length and 15 skinfold measurements were used to compute parameters of body build and the composition; corrected diameters, masses, volumes and fat-free volumes of the upper arm, forearm, thigh and calf. The speed skaters were found to be similar in body height and mass (males: 178 +/- 7.6 cm and 75.5 +/- 5.5 kg, females: 165.8 +/- 3.8 cm and 62.3 +/- 5.8 kg) to the student controls, but they had relatively and absolutely shorter legs and longer trunks. The speed skaters had a lower amount of body fat and higher FFM than their respective student controls and significantly greater relative (P less than or equal to 0.01) and absolute (P less than or equal to 0.05) total muscle mass. Analysis of composition within segments indicated that the additional muscle mass is located entirely in the lower extremity. The volume and mass of the thigh was greater (P less than or equal to 0.01 for the males) than that of the respective controls while the estimated volume of fat was lower. The female speed skaters were found to have more fat on their thigh than either the male speed skaters or male controls. The corrected diameter and mass of the thigh were greater (with respect to the sex) than those reported for 400 m sprinters, marathon runners, cross-country skiers and figure skaters. The results of the initial assessment were compared to the two consecutive tests of the men's team (conducted 8 and 12 months later) and to one repeated test of the women's team (3 months later). Changes were recorded in skinfold measurements and the muscle component of the thigh.     

Left ventricular morphology and function in endurance-trained female athletes

In this study,we investigated resting left ventricular dimensions and function in trained female rowers, canoeists and cyclists. In male populations, such athletes have demonstrated the largest left ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions. Echocardiograms were analysed from 24 athletes (rowers and canoeists, n=12; cyclists, n=12) and 21 age-matched controls to measure left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and volume, and septal (ST) and posterior wall (PWT) thicknesses. Left ventricular mass was calculated from M-mode data. Systolic and diastolic function were calculated from M-mode and Doppler echocardiography, respectively. Height, body mass, body surface area and fat-free mass were determined anthropometrically. The athletes were well matched with the controls for all anthropometric variables except fat-free mass (rowers and canoeists 49.7 3.6 kg, cyclists 48.0?+\- 3.8 kg, controls 45.0?+\- 5.4 kg; P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, mass and volume, and septal and posterior wall thicknesses, were all significantly greater in the athletes than the controls (P < 0.05). These differences persisted (except for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension) even after allometric adjustment for group differences in fat-free mass. Stroke volume was larger (rowers and canoeists 102?+\- 13 ml, cyclists 103?+\0 16 ml, controls 80?+\- 15 ml; P < 0.05) in both groups of athletes but all other functional data were similar between groups. As in male athletes, female rowers, canoeists and cyclists displayed significantly larger left ventricular cavity dimensions and wall thicknesses than controls.     

Left ventricular morphology and function in endurance-trained female athletes.

In this study, we investigated resting left ventricular dimensions and function in trained female rowers, canoeists and cyclists. In male populations, such athletes have demonstrated the largest left ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions. Echocardiograms were analysed from 24 athletes (rowers and canoeists, n = 12; cyclists, n = 12) and 21 age-matched controls to measure left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and volume, and septal (ST) and posterior wall (PWT) thicknesses. Left ventricular mass was calculated from M-mode data. Systolic and diastolic function were calculated from M-mode and Doppler echocardiography, respectively. Height, body mass, body surface area and fat-free mass were determined anthropometrically. The athletes were well matched with the controls for all anthropometric variables except fat-free mass (rowers and canoeists 49.7+/-3.6 kg, cyclists 48.0+/-3.8 kg, controls 45.0+/-5.4 kg; P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, mass and volume, and septal and posterior wall thicknesses, were all significantly greater in the athletes than the controls (P < 0.05). These differences persisted (except for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension) even after allometric adjustment for group differences in fat-free mass. Stroke volume was larger (rowers and canoeists 102+/-13 ml, cyclists 103+/-16 ml, controls 80+/-15 ml; P < 0.05) in both groups of athletes but all other functional data were similar between groups. As in male athletes, female rowers, canoeists and cyclists displayed significantly larger left ventricular cavity dimensions and wall thicknesses than controls.     

Anthropological status of international calibre speed skaters

The purpose of the study was to determine the anthropological status of elite male and female speed skaters, who were members of the 1985–7 Canadian national teams. The data were compared to those for a control group of University students. The subjects were 8 males and 6 females between 19 and 27 years of age. Nine breadth, 14 girth, 16 length and 15 skinfold measurements were used to compute parameters of body build and the composition; corrected diameters, masses, volumes and fat‐free volumes of the upper arm, forearm, thigh and calf. The speed skaters were found to be similar in body height and mass (males: 178 ± 7.6 cm and 75.5 ± 5.5 kg, females: 165.8 ± 3.8 cm and 62.3 ± 5.8 kg) to the student controls, but they had relatively and absolutely shorter legs and longer trunks. The speed skaters had a lower amount of body fat and higher FFM than their respective student controls and significantly greater relative (P ≤ 0.01) and absolute (P ≤ 0.05) total muscle mass. Analysis of composition within segments indicated that the additional muscle mass is located entirely in the lower extremity. The volume and mass of the thigh was greater (P ≤ 0.01 for the males) than that of the respective controls while the estimated volume of fat was lower. The female speed skaters were found to have more fat on their thigh than either the male speed skaters or male controls. The corrected diameter and mass of the thigh were greater (with respect to the sex) than those reported for 400 m sprinters, marathon runners, cross‐country skiers and figure skaters. The results of the initial assessment were compared to the two consecutive tests of the men's team (conducted 8 and 12 months later) and to one repeated test of the women's team (3 months later). Changes were recorded in skinfold measurements and the muscle component of the thigh.