Cloud computing as an innovation: Percepetion,attitude, and adoption

Cloud computing is a current trend that reveals the next-generation application architecture and it is estimated that by 2013 the cloud market will have reached $8.1bn. While cloud services such as webmail, Flickr and YouTube have been widely used by individuals for some time, it not until relatively recently that organisations have began to use cloud services as a tool for meeting their IT needs. This study aims to investigate how cloud computing is understood by IT professionals and the concerns that IT professionals have in regard to the adoption of cloud services. The study was carried out in Taiwan and used a survey by interview approach to understand IT professionals’ understandings and concerns about cloud computing. The findings of the study suggest that while the benefits of cloud computing such as its computational power and ability to help companies save costs are often mentioned in the literature, the primary concerns that IT managers and software engineers have are compatibility of the cloud with companies’ policy, IS development environment, and business needs; and relative advantages of adopting cloud solutions. The findings also suggest that most IT companies in Taiwan will not adopt cloud computing until the uncertainties associated with cloud computing, e.g. security and standardisation are reduced and successful business models have emerged.     

Cloud computing enabled business model innovation

Cloud computing's primary layer of security is its widespread adoption by businesses due to its ability to provide easy, on-demand network access to a large pool of configurable processing resources. Pressure from developed-world governments to keep up with the latest IT trends makes it challenging for colleges around the world to adopt cloud computing in engineering education. Although cloud computing as a concept has become more popular in recent times and quite a few studies have been conducted, the adoption and application level is still very low, particularly in developing countries. This study provides a realistic framework for gauging the sustainability of a company model. While digitalization is widely acknowledged to be crucial, the study's results reveal that the perceived available options for business model innovation depend not only on the value proposition itself but also on the position in the value network. The primary goal of this research is to create a cloud computing service provider business model that is built on circular economy principles and can guarantee the sustainable usage of cloud computing resources.     

Understanding SaaS adoption: The moderating impact of the environment context

In the information management literature, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is recognized as a technology capable of providing operational and financial benefits to firms, and it is rising as the dominant IT service delivery model. Considered to be a promising solution it is garnering interest among researchers and professionals. However, SaaS can represent a vulnerability to firms due to its nature. The weighing of the pros and cons leads to firms’ uncertainty regarding SaaS adoption. Through the lenses of technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework we examine the contextual factors that influence the adoption of SaaS. Furthermore, this study explores the moderating effects of the environmental context in the adoption of SaaS and how it shapes the direct influences of technological and organizational contexts of the TOE framework. Data collected from 259 firms were used to test the proposed model. The study found the significance of the technology, organization, and environment context for SaaS adoption. Moreover, it was found the moderator influence of the environment context between the organization context and SaaS adoption. This study contributes to a deepest understanding of the determinants of SaaS adoption by providing a holistic theoretical lens, advancing newer paths of approaching the TOE framework.     

Context matters: A review of the determinant factors in the decision to adopt cloud computing in healthcare

Cloud computing is an IT service paradigm that can, if used meaningfully, enhance traditional health IT approaches and offer major benefits to the healthcare industry. However, its adoption by healthcare organizations has been accompanied by diverse challenges that could impede its meaningful use. Decisions about its adoption should be made after serious consideration of relevant industry-specific factors. Whereas the literature has focused on cloud computing adoption in general, the industrial specificities that influence the decision to adopt cloud computing in the healthcare context have yet to be systematically addressed. We reviewed empirical studies on both information systems and medical informatics to investigate the determinant factors of the cloud computing adoption decision in healthcare organizations and the industrial specificities of those factors. Based on the results of our review, we proposed a conceptual framework of cloud computing adoption studies in healthcare and made seven recommendations for related future research. Our research contributes to the theory by providing a comprehensive list of industry-specific factors that influence cloud computing adoption decisions in healthcare and explains their specificities for the healthcare industry. For practitioners, the identified factors serve as a checklist that informs healthcare organizations’ decision making regarding cloud computing adoption.     

A resiliency framework for an enterprise cloud

This paper presents a systematic approach to develop a resilient software system which can be developed as emerging services and analytics for resiliency. While using the resiliency as a good example for enterprise cloud security, all resilient characteristics should be blended together to produce greater impacts. A framework, cloud computing adoption framework (CCAF), is presented in details. CCAF has four major types of emerging services and each one has been explained in details with regard to the individual function and how each one can be integrated. CCAF is an architectural framework that blends software resilience, service components and guidelines together and provides real case studies to produce greater impacts to the organizations adopting cloud computing and security. CCAF provides business alignments and provides agility, efficiency and integration for business competitive edge. In order to validate user requirements and system designs, a large scale survey has been conducted with detailed analysis provided for each major question. We present our discussion and conclude that the use of CCAF framework can illustrate software resilience and security improvement for enterprise security. CCAF framework itself is validated as an emerging service for enterprise cloud computing with analytics showing survey analysis.     

An empirical study on business analytics affordances enhancing the management of cloud computing data security

The mechanism of business analytics affordances enhancing the management of cloud computing data security is a key antecedent in improving cloud computing security. Based on information value chain theory and IT affordances theory, a research model is built to investigate the underlying mechanism of business analytics affordances enhancing the management of cloud computing data security. The model includes business analytics affordances, decision-making affordances of cloud computing data security, decision-making rationality of cloud computing data security, and the management of cloud computing data security. Simultaneously, the model considers the role of data-driven culture and IT business process integration. It is empirically tested using data collected from 316 enterprises by Partial Least Squares-based structural equation model. Without data-driven culture and IT business process integration, the results suggest that there is a process from business analytics affordances to decision-making affordances of cloud computing data security, decision-making rationality of cloud computing data security, and to the management of cloud computing data security. Moreover, Data-driven culture and IT business process integration have a positive mediation effect on the relationship between business analytics affordances and decision-making affordances of cloud computing data security. The conclusions in this study provide useful references for the enterprise to strengthen the management of cloud computing data security using business analytics.     

[2015年第2期] 云计算的价值创造及其机理

云计算在各行业的创新应用 , 衍生出诸多新型业态和新型商业模式, 产生了巨大的 经济价值和社会价值,主要体现在： 云计算集中了信息技术资源和服务,大幅提高了 IT资源的 应用效率; 降低了应用技术门槛, 最大限度扩展用户规模; 集中整合了数据资源, 挖掘出大数 据价值潜力; 引起体制机制的变革, 以技术方式突破体制屏障; 加强了信息系统综合集成, 实 现智慧管理与服务。 云计算应用创新具有独特的价值生成机理。 首先, 云计算通过将市场交 易双方的博弈改变为无限重复动态博弈, 形成诚信自律机制, 提高了市场交易效率从而形成 增值; 其次,云计算的创新应用向资本市场展示了收益前景,以内部学习效应形成了以未来收 益弥补当前亏损的资本补偿机制 , 挖掘了知识价值; 第三, 云计算形成了新型互联网商业平 台 ,以交叉补贴机制确保长期可持续经营,创造了低成本、高收益的价值增值模式。 鉴于云计 算平台已经成为涉及公共利益、承载公共服务的信息基础设施, 建议将云设施视为信息基础 设施,纳入监管保护体系; 制定针对云计算的知识产权和个人信息保护措施,鼓励云计算创新 应用 ;开展多层次试点示范,帮助中小企业和社会大众利用云计算创新创业。     

Predicting e-readiness at firm-level: An analysis of technological,organizational and environmental (TOE) effects on e-maintenance readiness in manufacturing firms

This study predicts the impact of technological, organizational and environmental (TOE) determinants on e-maintenance technology readiness in manufacturing firms. Survey responses of 308 managers from a wide spectrum of manufacturing firms have been validated and analyzed by means of structural equation modelling. The findings indicate that dimensions of e-maintenance technology readiness in manufacturing firms are mainly influenced by technological and organizational determinants involving technological infrastructure and competence, expected benefits and challenges of e-maintenance, and firm size and ownership. Surprisingly, there is no significant effect of competitive pressures on e-maintenance readiness. This study offers managers and vendors a frame of reference to analyze firm's situation before initiating new innovations. In case of e-maintenance technology, adoption strategies should be built around fostering level of employees’ technological knowledge and skills, technology infrastructure as well as sustaining potential benefits and encountering potential challenges associated with e-maintenance technology. This paper is one of the early studies that predict dimensions of technology readiness index (TRI) through the determinants of technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework. Also, it is among the first attempts to link prominent technology adoption models to e-maintenance technology as a novel form of enterprise innovations.     

云计算架构在银行批处理流程优化中的应用研究

银行业在实现业务和数据集中处理的信息化架构后,随着业务的发展,面对数量越来越多、规模越来越大的批处理需求,如何提高计算资源的使用效率和灵活配置资源是银行信息中心不断面对的挑战。以资源和应用虚拟化为核心的云计算架构和技术正在不断发展和成熟,它可以有效地提高信息中心的资源使用,为批处理业务动态配置有效资源。针对以批处理中按照业务类型和处理流程进行资源配置的传统方法,提出了一种将业务流程进行优化分解成为可以进行独立并行处理任务的方法,可以在云计算环境下分组处理具有共同特征的计算和操作任务,实现优化资源调配。通过HadoopMapReduce并行计算架构进行模拟验证,初步实验结果表明了该方法在批处理执行效率、资源使用和灵活性方面的优势,在大量批处理业务领域（金融、证券、电子商务）具有一定的应用和研究价值。     

云计算产业空间格局、集聚模式与创新效应研究

云计算是国家“新基建”战略的重要支点。云计算产业空间组织机理存在自上而下政府引导和自下而上企业自组织的双重特性，政府提升产业集聚的地区政策和云计算虚拟化、网络化技术属性之间看似矛盾的关系，是引发本文探索的起点。利用2010-2016年上海市1637家云计算企业数据，描绘城市内部云计算产业空间特性，并分析不同集聚模式对企业创新的影响效应。研究发现：（1）上海云计算产业呈现中心集聚、多点联动的空间格局，随着产业链向后端延伸，企业的空间分布越向中心城区集聚。（2）云计算产业仍然具有地理性，产业链内部专业化集聚和多样化集聚对不同技术类型企业创新的影响呈现梯度变化特征。政府应审视产业链内部不同集聚模式的创新效应差异性，进一步优化产业空间布局，促进创新资源在空间上的有效配置。     

多理论视角下企业云ERP系统转换意愿研究

随着云计算的不断发展,云企业信息系统(EIS)显示出其优势,愈来愈多企业愿意考虑从传统EIS转换到云EIS系统。然而,却很少研究探讨企业在EIS的转换议题,本研究整合信息系统成功模型和技术接受模型,发展一个多理论框架去探索企业向云ERP转换的意愿。我们从企业管理者收集了199份调查问卷,通过结构方程模型验证本研究模型与假设,结果发现有用性和易用性是影响转换意愿重要因素,易用性、信息质量和系统质量则正向影响认知有用性,这些结论,给未来转换意愿研究提供了参考,我们建议云服务供应商应重视系统本身的易用性和有用性,提高系统质量并关注信息质量,以帮助他们提供企业需求的产品,吸引更多企业从传统EIS转换到云EIS。     

云创新模式下企业管理问题研究——基于内部控制整体框架的视角

云创新是利用云计算等先进技术而进行的一种新型创新模式,已成为当下学术界和企业界研究的热点。从内部控制整体框架视角分析云创新模式下企业内部控制呈现的新特点,并结合部分云创新案例分析云创新给企业内部控制五要素产生的影响,最后提出云创新模式下的内部控制应对策略:控制环境要素方面,要及时更新观念,培育良好的企业文化,塑造适合云创新需要的内部控制环境;风险评估要素方面,要完善风险评估机制,加强业务培训,提升风险识别和评估能力;控制活动要素方面,要强化内部管理措施,慎重选择云服务商,妥善处理好企业与创新参与者之间的关系;信息与沟通要素方面,要建立内部非正式沟通机制,加强与外部创新者之间的信息沟通;监督要素方面,要完善内部监督机制,加大对系统日志的审查力度。     

多理论视角下企业云ERP系统转换意愿研究

随着云计算的不断发展,云企业信息系统(EIS)显示出其优势，愈来愈多企业愿意考虑从传统EIS转换到云EIS系统。然而，却很少研究探讨企业在EIS的转换议题，本研究整合信息系统成功模型和技术接受模型，发展一个多理论框架去探索企业向云ERP转换的意愿。我们从企业管理者收集了199份调查问卷，通过结构方程模型验证本研究模型与假设，结果发现有用性和易用性是影响转换意愿重要因素，易用性、信息质量和系统质量则正向影响认知有用性，这些结论，给未来转换意愿研究提供了参考，我们建议云服务供应商应重视系统本身的易用性和有用性，提高系统质量并关注信息质量，以帮助他们提供企业需求的产品，吸引更多企业从传统EIS转换到云EIS。     

基于云计算层次架构的安全框架研究

云计算安全问题是限制云计算发展的主要问题,一直是IT 界研究的热点。介绍了云计算的特点和服务模式,总结了云计算的安全问题,最后根据云计算的层次架构探讨了解决各层次安全问题的安全策略,并在此基础上提出了一种云计算安全框架。     

Discovering the potential of cloud computing in accelerating the search for curing serious illnesses

Derided, when it emerged in 2007 as a fad, cloud computing has proved to be a viable business model for remotely delivering IT services through the Web (and other media) on a pay-as-you-go basis. The flexibility of this emerging computing service has opened many possibilities for organizations. Drug companies and medical research centers are among those organizations that are likely to benefit from this new IT service model. As well as providing massive cost-savings, cloud computing could offer these organizations the opportunity to greatly enhance the efficiency of their operations. For cloud providers, this is a new field to expand their reach. The aim of this article is to explore this new development and the potential of cloud computing in contributing to the advancement of research in life science and explain why this IT service model (despite many of its problems) could be game-changer for companies engaged in this business.     

商业生态系统视角下的云计算经济发展模式研究

云计算经济是伴随云计算的产生和发展而兴起的,对其发展模式的研究目前还是一个新的领域。从商业生态的视角对云计算经济发展模式进行研究,首先借鉴商业生态系统的研究成果,设计出云计算经济商业生态系统的结构模型,根据商业生态系统的特征提出云计算经济商业生态系统发展动力机制;最后根据商业生态系统结构特征和逻辑斯蒂增长模型设计商业生态下云计算经济发展的理论模型和数学模型。     

An exploratory study to understand the critical factors affecting the decision to adopt cloud computing in Taiwan hospital

The purpose of this study is to investigate the critical factors that will affect the decision to adopt cloud computing technology in developing countries, specifically in Taiwan's hospital industry. This study mainly integrates the TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) framework and HOT-fit (Human-Organization-Technology fit) model to understand this issue. Information was collected by employing a questionnaire research design to hospital CIOs in Taiwan. The obtained results indicate that the 5 most critical factors are data security, perceived technical competence, cost, top manager support, and complexity. Further, among the proposed four dimensions the most important one is technology followed by human, organizational, and environmental factors. Finally, the results show that significant differences exist in CIO innovativeness, data security, compatibility, top manager support, adequate resource, and perceived industry pressure across different adopting groups. For practitioners, this study identifies key factors for hospitals to make an adoption decision toward cloud computing technology. As for academia, this study can be provided as a useful reference for future studies in this subject field.     

云计算环境下信息安全法律存在的问题及应对策略分析

云计算代表一个新的商业模式,以服务的形式提供数据资源,在互联网上按用户的使用量收费。在本文中,我们假设云计算可以被描述为一个复杂的系统,在分析云计算环境下的信息安全面临挑战的原因分析的基础上,从法律角度阐述了实现云计算面临的安全风险以及相应的解决措施。     

Reaching for the “cloud”: How SMEs can manage

Cloud computing is an emerging new computing paradigm for delivering computing services. The approach relies on a number of existing technologies e.g., the Internet, virtualization and grid computing. However, the provision of this service in a pay-as-you-go way through the popular medium of the Internet renders this computing service approach unique compared with currently available computing service modalities. This article highlights some aspects of this uniqueness and also explores some of the concerns that might be preventing some companies from adopting it. Notwithstanding these concerns, it is argued in this article that cloud computing is likely to prove commercially viable for many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) due to its flexibility and pay-as-you-go cost structure, particularly in the current climate of economic difficulties. A case study of a cloud experience by a British SME is also presented in this study in order to further highlight the perceived values of cloud computing in terms of cost and efficiency for real small enterprises.     

Data quality management,data usage experience and acquisition intention of big data analytics

Big data analytics associated with database searching, mining, and analysis can be seen as an innovative IT capability that can improve firm performance. Even though some leading companies are actively adopting big data analytics to strengthen market competition and to open up new business opportunities, many firms are still in the early stage of the adoption curve due to lack of understanding of and experience with big data. Hence, it is interesting and timely to understand issues relevant to big data adoption. In this study, a research model is proposed to explain the acquisition intention of big data analytics mainly from the theoretical perspectives of data quality management and data usage experience. Our empirical investigation reveals that a firm's intention for big data analytics can be positively affected by its competence in maintaining the quality of corporate data. Moreover, a firm's favorable experience (i.e., benefit perceptions) in utilizing external source data could encourage future acquisition of big data analytics. Surprisingly, a firm's favorable experience (i.e., benefit perceptions) in utilizing internal source data could hamper its adoption intention for big data analytics.