纳米材料“傻瓜”化

一种能均匀分散并能保持稳定的纳米粒子复合添加剂,最近在贵州省纳米材料工程中心制成。据了解,这种由纳米氧化锌、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化镁、纳米二氧化钛等多种纳米无机粉体材料制成的添加剂,进行添加时,不仅无需企业改变现有的生产设备、生产工艺,生产参数等也无需改变,就可以直接添加,因此被称为“傻瓜”式使用。     

微乳液法制备纳米二氧化钛及其光催化降解苯酚的研究

本研究以TiCl4为原料,在CTAB/正丁醇／环己烷／水组成的微乳液体系中制备了纳米TiO2粉末。采用透射电子显微镜和X光衍射仪等对粉体的粒径、物相、形貌和热稳定性等进行了表征。通过粉体对苯酚的降解情况对其光催化活性进行了测试,结果表明TiO2具有良好的光催化氧化性能。     

BaTiO_3/SrTiO_3纳米复合陶瓷的制备

采用固相法,以纳米锐钛矿TiO_2为钛源,分别与Ba(NO_3)_2、Sr(NO_3)_2晶体以物质的量为1:1比例反应分别得到BaTiO_3(BT),SrTiO_3(ST)。之后将所得到的这两种钛酸盐粉体以物质的量为1:1比例混合,压片,然后在不同温度下煅烧得到BT/ST复合陶瓷。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得样品进行结构分析和微观形貌表征,得到制备BT,ST粉体的反应温度体系为TP-900-1100(900℃(3h)-1100℃(3h)),得到BT/ST纳米复合陶瓷的最佳反应温度体系为TP-500-900-1250(500℃(3h)-900℃(3h)-1250℃(3h))。     

金红石型TiO2的水热法制备及其表征

以TiCl3溶液为原料,用水解法在玻璃基板上制备了TiO2,采用SEM和XRD技术对产物进行了表征,研究了影响产物形成的因素.结果表明:生成的TiO2晶体为金红石型.生成的TiO2微米球直径为2-3 μm,它由TiO2纳米棒自组装而成.生成的TiO2薄膜均匀、致密,厚1～2 μm,它由TiO2纳米棒阵列而成.TiO2纳...     

ZnO基半导体异质结构纳米材料的可控合成及光学性能研究

为了能细致的研究ZnO基半导体异质结构纳米材料的实用价值,采用实验方式制作功效不同的ZnO异质结构纳米材料,并对该材料的可控合成过程及光电学性能进行研究。首先,采用化学溶液法制备尺寸可控的ZnO纳米球团聚体,以间接法提取高纯度ZnO粉体作为制作复合颜料的基体;其次,在ZnO粉体中加入适量的纳米SiO_2颗粒,构成二者混合粉体,高温下用纳米SiO_2颗粒对混合粉体进行良好包裹并充分发生固相反应;最后形成ZnO基异质结构纳米材料Zn_2SiO_4,并对该异质结构材料的可控合成过程进行分析。实验结果表明,不同热处理温度下ZnO基半导体异质结构纳米材料对太阳辐射吸收率不同,且当Zn_2SiO_4含量增加的时,该纳米材料对应的光学性能随着发生明显的改变。     

纳米流体脉动热管的性能实验研究

建立了脉动热管的可视化实验台,对以体积分数为1%的TiO2/H2O和CuO/H2O纳米流体及基流体为工质,55％充液率的脉动热管性能进行了实验研究。结果表明,工质静止时,纳米颗粒在脉动热管中会发生沉淀,但工质的运动能够使沉淀纳米颗粒再次悬浮,随着温度的升高,纳米颗粒悬浮性稳定减弱;与基流体工质相比,纳米流体脉动热管的最小启动功率低,启动时间较短,工作温度低,传热热阻小,温度波动振幅小、频率高;纳米流体能大幅提高脉动热管的传热性能,工作温度为110℃时,蒸馏水、TiO2/H2O及CuO/H2O脉动热管的传热热阻分别为0.23℃/W,0.11℃/W和0.13℃/W;两种纳米流体脉动热管的传热性能接近。     

ZnO纳米棒与纳米管的制备及光致发光特性研究

采用水热法,以氯化锌和氨水为反应溶液,在Cu衬底上制备了不同形貌的ZnO纳米棒和纳米管阵列。借助SEM和PL等手段对其结构和光致发光进行了分析研究。实验表明,ZnO纳米棒的生长过程结束后,自然冷却与恒温(40℃)溶解会使ZnO纳米棒发生优先溶解的区域不同,在溶解过程中,纳米棒的各处溶解的速率大小不同,形成了不同的纳米结构。在PL图谱中,ZnO纳米棒与纳米管表现出相似的弱的紫外峰和强的由于Cu杂质引起的绿光发射峰。     

PAM掺杂的二氧化钛粉体的制备与光催化研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,添加了铁元素和氟元素,并掺杂不同量的聚丙烯酰胺采用溶胶凝胶法制备了不同煅烧温度下的纳米TiO2粉体,在紫外光照射后,通过紫外-可见分光光度计测量了光催化降解反应后降解率的变化。实验表明:添加适量聚丙烯酰胺有助提高TiO2的活性,细化晶粒,在500℃时其催化效率最高。     

金属氧化物纳米点薄膜的模板法合成

报道了一种简便的金属氧化物纳米点薄膜的合成方法.首先制备了具有有序纳米凹坑阵列的多孔阳极氧化铝模板,然后在模板表面真空蒸镀金属薄膜,对所制备的金属薄膜进行氧化处理,得到了具有有序纳米点阵列的金属氧化物纳米点薄膜.纳米点的直径约为 1 0 0nm,高度约为 45nm,以六边形有序排列,密度约为 2× 1 0 1 3个/m2 .     

江西湖田窑宋代古瓷微量元素的中子活化分析

江西湖田窑古瓷中微量元素的研究 ,一直是中国古陶瓷研究中的空白 .用仪器中子活化分析研究了江西湖田窑宋代不同历史时期青白釉瓷瓷胎中多种微量元素的含量 ,并用SPSS软件对分析数据进行多元统计分析 .结果表明 ,北宋早期和北宋晚期古瓷胎料的化学成分相近 ;与北宋末南宋早期以及南宋中晚期古瓷胎料的化学成分相差较远 ;不同历史时期古瓷胎的稀土参数有差异 ,古瓷胎 球粒陨石标准化模式配分图支持上述结论 .     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.