政府科研项目间接费用补偿的典型模式及启示

政府科研项目的间接费用补偿不仅实现了机构层面的收支平衡,还成为政府激励依托机构和个人的重要管理工具。首先,分析了间接费用补偿在政府科技资源配置中的作用与意义;其次,基于国际案例归纳、分析、比较了三种典型的间接费用补偿模式;继而,系统梳理并分析了我国间接费用补偿模式的发展历程、现状及存在的问题;最后,基于上述分析提出在宏观科技资源配置模式改革背景下,对政府科研项目间接费用补偿模式改革的政策建议。     

财政科研项目间接费用的激励约束机制研究

信用管理与间接费用挂钩是未来我国财政科研项目资金管理落实“放管服”要求的重要政策工具,其根本目的是优化财政科研项目间接费用管理、建立有效的激励约束机制。基于委托代理理论中的激励约束框架,对美国、英国和中国财政科研项目间接费用中的激励和约束机制分别展开分析,并在三个国家对比的基础上,构建引入信用管理后我国财政科研项目间接费用管理中的激励约束框架及关键点。     

科研项目经费实施间接费用补偿机制的管理方法

通过分析目前国家建立科研项目经费间接成本补偿机制的必要性,探讨了科研项目承担单位完善科研经费间接费用管理的新方法。     

新时期高校科研间接费统筹管理路径探究

随着中国科技体制改革和资源配置优化和高校科技创新规模能力的增长,科研项目间接经费为科研单位成本补偿和人员激励提供了重要保障。当前高校科研间接费的统筹管理存在一定的挑战,本文系统梳理了国家科技科研间接费政策变化,对20所高校科研间接费分配模式进行了对比,分析了高校间接费统筹管理的存在的问题和原因,并从科技计划项目管理、间接费分配方式、高校科技管理体系、科研成本核算、人员薪酬制度改革等方面,提出高校增强科研间接费统筹管理能力效益的路径和建议。     

科学基金科研项目经费管理的中美比较研究

国家自然科学基金对科研项目投入是保障基础研究可持续发展的基本条件和重要资金来源,科学基金科研项目经费管理成为科学基金绩效管理体系的重要组成部分。通过比较中美科学基金科研项目经费的管理规定、内涵界定、核算模式及监督机制四个方面的核心内容,发现我国自然科学基金科研项目经费管理存在管理规定不完善、内涵界定不完整、间接费用的核算与结余经费管理不科学以及监督部门行使内部管理职能等问题,并提出相关建议和决策参考。     

科学基金依托单位信用评级的方法研究

近年来,国家对科研项目资金管理改革提出信用评级的新要求。基于我国国情和国内外经验,首先明确了科学基金开展依托单位信用评级的目的和定位:以依托单位和基金委之间的契约关系为基础,推动依托单位更规范、更有效地管理科学基金项目与资金,并在条件成熟的情况下与间接费用挂钩,起到激励先进、鞭策不足的作用。在此基础上,本研究提出了基金委开展依托单位信用评级的思路和方法框架,为基金委进一步提高科学基金间接费用核定、管理的科学性和有效性提供决策参考。     

我国科研间接费用管理的探索与思考

间接成本补偿一直是科研经费管理的焦点。从我国科研间接费用管理实践出发,总结了国际科研成本管理的重要特征,包括分类管理、公平补偿、科研机构与政府的合作关系、重视人力资本补偿等。探讨了间接费用政策在实施过程中存在的主要问题,并提出了相关政策建议。     

新形势下高校科研项目与经费管理改革的分析与对策研究

加强科研项目质量管理,提高科研经费管理水平,提升科研经费使用效益,是推动高校科研事业发展的重要途径。文章从分析高校科研项目与经费管理改革的必要性和重要性出发,从实行科研项目分类管理、改进科研项目管理流程、改进项目经费管理方式、加大项目经费监管力度、建立管理工作长效机制、完善科技创新激励政策等六个方面提出了高校科研项目与经费管理改革的思路与措施,探讨了高校规范科研行为、加强科研经费管理的对策。     

科研项目管理的成功标准和风险分析

通过对科研项目管理自身特点的分析,在传统的项目管理基于时间、费用、质量的目标管理的基础上,提出了科研项目管理的成功标准模型。针对科研项目管理不确定性因素增加的特点,对其风险进行了分析并提出了防范措施。     

科研项目管理的成功标准和风险分析

通过对科研项目管理自身特点的分析,在传统的项目管理基于时间、费用、质量的目标管理的基础上,提出了科研项目管理的成功标准模型.针对科研项目管理不确定性因素增加的特点,对其风险进行了分析并提出了防范措施.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.