商标侵权与商标合理使用的司法界定

本文通过对商标侵权行为的有关法律规定和代表性案件（尤其是最高法院所审结或指导的重大案件）进行疏理,探究商标权在商标、商品名称／装潢、企业名称、域名的排他性的权利效力以及商标显着性和知名程度对商标侵权判断的影响,以展示中国法院界定商标侵权与商标合理使用的实践做法。     

浅谈商标与域名冲突的解决——兼评两则美国案例

随着经济和网络的发展,域名与商标的冲突应运而生。本文区分驰名商标与非驰名商标,结合相关案例,简要探讨解决商标与域名冲突问题的策略和思路,以期对二者的保护和平衡提供借鉴。     

Product portfolio performance in new foreign markets: The EU trademark dual system

How do intellectual propriety rights (IPRs) help firms profit from their innovation? Innovation literature frequently turns to patents to measure innovative IPR, but more recent work shifts focus to the other side of IPR, namely, trademarks. This article therefore discusses the effects of trademark strategies when companies decide to introduce their product portfolios in a new foreign market. Entrants might opt for a common trademark across different country markets (integration) or use several country-specific trademarks (responsiveness). This empirical study exploits the quasi-natural experiment created by the tariff shock that affected Spain when it joined the European Union in the 1990s. Data from the automotive industry reveal how non-European companies that already operated in other European countries sought to enter Spain rapidly, using various trademark strategies. The product portfolio characteristics are fixed at entry, so this study can specify how and when trademark responsiveness versus integration affects firm performance. The results reveal that trademark responsiveness increases firm performance if the firms suffer high liabilities of foreignness or newness.     

Building capabilities in natural resource-dependent economies: An innovation systems analysis of the TVET program in Guyana

This paper examines Guyana's technical and vocational education and training (TVET) system in relation to diversifying the country's economy away from natural resource exports. The innovation systems approach is used to examine the effectiveness of TVET as a means of building capabilities in Guyana's key industries, gold and sugar, providing a snapshot of the state of the system in early, 2016. Ten interviewees across several areas of expertise were consulted in Georgetown, Guyana. The analysis of primary and secondary research finds TVET's effectiveness to be limited by a lack of labor market information and funding, energy costs, a “brain drain”, and insufficient information communication technology skills and infrastructure. Recommended remedies include increasing the frequency of labor market surveys, attracting the Guyanese diaspora back to share knowledge, reducing the cost of energy by taking advantage of domestic renewable energy potential, and setting up a Sovereign Wealth Fund.     

The market value of R&D, patents, and trademarks

This paper investigates the effects of trademarks on the market value of firms. The results show that trademarks have a positive effect on firm value. Next, the firms’ market values are regressed on indicators of trademark value such as trademark seniorities, the number of oppositions filed, and the number of product and services classes covered. We found that they at least partially reflect trademark value.     

涉外定牌加工企业的商标侵权风险及防范措施

涉外定牌加工产品在我国出口贸易中占大部份额。然而,对指定或者提供使用的商标,第三人在我国境内相同商品或者类似商品上注册了相同或近似商标,但境外企业不提供第三人的商标许可证明或商标转让证书,或提供虚假的商标许可证明或转让证书等,导致涉外定牌加工企业商标侵权纠纷不断。涉外定牌加工企业应要求境外企业提供第三人的商标许可证明或商标转让证书,并予以审核,增强商标与合同等,防范涉外定牌加工中的商标侵权风险。     

近年科技论文中网络引文的域名特征研究

以CSCD引文数据库为统计源,通过http等特征词筛选出网络引文样本,然后从顶级域名和二级域名层次分析网络引文的域名特征,理出被引频次在各级网域的分布情况,找出重点被引网域和重点被引网站,为研究人员掌握科技类网络资源的分布利用规律,锁定重点网络情报源提供帮助.     

3D打印技术“峡谷”跨越影响因素研究

基于技术采用生命周期"峡谷"理论,从市场、技术、产品和消费者维度对3D打印技术"峡谷"及跨越影响因素进行探讨。通过问卷找到现实和潜在用户,由现实采用者判断当前该技术处于"峡谷"左端,用户以企业、政府为代表,潜在采用者是"峡谷"右端早期大众市场用户代表,是跨越"峡谷"的关键。进一步对潜在采用者分析发现"技术派"最有可能成为"峡谷"跨越的早期大众市场中的单一缝隙市场,"实用派"是进一步可扩展的细分市场。     

收入差距对国家自主创新能力影响的实证研究

 运用我国1985-2005年的数据进行实证研究发现,收入差距与国家自主创新能力之间在静态上具有倒U型的曲线关系。动态检验证实了收入差距通过市场需求影响国家自主创新能力的传导机制。收入差距在即期对自主创新有非常强的负面影响,之后影响变为正,但影响程度逐步减弱。从长期来看,收入差距对自主创新的影响始终为负的,从而证明了收入差距是导致我国自主创新能力不足的重要原因。     

Analyzing the evidence of an IPR take-off in China and India

Both China and India have been experiencing a historical take-off in the use of intellectual property rights (IPR). In terms of trademark applications filed with domestic IP offices in 2009, the evidence demonstrates that China now ranks 1st worldwide and India 5th, while for patent filings China ranks 3rd worldwide and India ranks 9th. This performance is remarkable as both China and India experienced negligible demand for IPR protection as recently as two decades ago. The IPR take up trends in these two countries are analyzed in detail, highlighting the structure of patent and trademark demand since 1990. Specifically, the available series are broken down and analyzed according to: (i) national versus foreign origin of patents and trademarks; (ii) technological (IPC) and trademark (NICE) classes; and (iii) the major individual patent users in each country. The data used refers to applications in the Chinese and Indian IP offices although the demand from residents of these two countries in both the international and other national systems is also assessed. Beyond the existing momentum in IPR registrations by China and India and their capacity to maintain it into the near future, the paper addresses practical questions about the strategies, motives and benefits behind the current trends. In particular, we seek to evaluate the capacity of both China's and India's National Innovation Systems to internalize the potential returns of this increasing demand for IPR. The insight reached finds that should both China and India sustain their current IPR growth rates, they will be able to catch up with the most advanced economies within the time span of a few decades.     

考虑网络外部性的竞争性音乐产品定价策略研究

从消费者效用角度研究了一个网络音乐厂商与一个传统音乐厂商构成的双寡头垄断市场中的产品定价策略,构建Hotelling博弈模型,探讨了网络外部性对音乐厂商最优定价、利润变化趋势和市场盗版水平的影响。研究发现:有网络外部性时,不论网络音乐厂商还是传统音乐厂商,产品价格都上升;网络音乐厂商的利润必然上升,而传统音乐厂商的利润可能下降。网络外部性的存在增大了整个音乐市场的需求,盗版的需求也随之增大,但市场竞争加剧导致盗版市场份额可能下降。     

Gender-specific patterns in patenting and publishing

Measuring the output of men and women in science and technology has previously been mostly restricted to case studies or small-scale surveys. Based on an analysis of patent and publication databases, this paper applies a methodology to systematically assign the gender to the names of inventors and authors. The method is applied to 14 countries. The results of this investigation reveal substantial differences across countries in terms of women's relative contribution¹ to science and technology, with the central European countries of Germany, Austria and Switzerland all ranking comparatively low in this respect. We also examine trends over time, showing that the data on women's share of publications - unlike the results for patents - hardly increase over time for the already better-performing nations.     

我国高校商标无形资产的管理策略分析--从高校校名成为商标抢注对象谈起

商标在知识经济时代比以往任何时代都发挥着更为重要的作用。商标的发展已成为经济发展的重要标志。然而，随着知识经济时代的到来，严重的侵权行为亦由此滋生。就国内高校尤其是知名院校而言。商标被抢注、侵权的事例屡屡发生，使高校的声誉蒙受了很大的损失。因此，积极寻求创新型管理策略，加强高校商标无形资产的保护与管理力度，刻不容缓。本文对此进行分析与思考，为我国高校商标无形资产的科学管理提供参考。     

新兴股票市场有效性及诚实性检验方法和实证分析

本文介绍了新兴股票市场有效性及诚实性检验方法，通过检验上市公司新发布的公告是否能引起股市交易量的增加和收益率的波动量增加来检验股票市场的有效性及是否存在内部交易的问题。如果在公告发布期间股市没有任何异常变动，市场可能是效率低下的或是存在内部交易。如果进一步分析能够证实在同一公司发布的针对不同持有群体的股票之间,如A股和B股或H股之间，存在滞后的引导关系，则可以基本判定股市存在内部交易。Utpa Bhattacharya已经对墨西哥的Bolsa Mexicana de Valores市场做过类似的研究并且发现该股票市场存在内部交易。本文对中国的股票市场进行研究。结果表明中国股市不存在明显的内部交易，但同时也发现中国股市的A股和B股市场之间的联动性较弱，中国股市有效性较差，尤其是B股市场对市场信息公告的反映很不明显。这些都在一定程度上反映了中国股市作为成长中的股市发展还不成熟，B股市场的发展尤其需要进一步努力。     

“伟哥”商标注册引发的商标权纠纷案——辉瑞有限公司等诉广州威尔曼药业有限公司等不正当竞争、侵犯未注册驰名商标权纠纷案

“伟哥”一般被认为是“VIAGRA”的中文音译,而“VIAGRA”是辉瑞有限公司（Pfizer Inc．）用作其生产的治疗男性勃起障碍药品-枸橼酸西地那非的商标。“VIAGRA”药品于1998年在美国上市,2000年6月在中国上市。1996年10月辉瑞公司在中国第5类商品上申请“VIAGRA”商标亚获准注册。广州威尔曼药业有限公司于1998年6月向商标局提出“伟哥”商标的注册申请,指定使用商品为人用药、生化药品等,     

基于价值链分析的传统工艺知识产权保护机制研究——以江西铜鼓地区明笋加工传统工艺为例进行分析

明笋加工存在传统工艺,有其独特的传统工艺特征。基于价值链理论分析,发现明笋加工传统工艺是一种凭借独特经验创作的智力成果,可以实施传承人保护、地理标志保护、商标保护、商业秘密保护及知识产权执法保护。     

汽车商标的汉译翻译策略分析

国际汽车企业进入中国市场获得很大成功,汽车商标的汉译对它们的成功有不可忽视的辅助作用。本文先讨论商标语言的特点,商标翻译的目的与原则,再具体讨论汽车商标汉译所采取的各种策略。希望此探讨对中国企业走向国际市场,塑造自己的知名品牌有一定的启示。     

基于信息化的品牌国际化策略研究

在开放的市场经济中，本土市场竞争愈演愈烈。为了增强自身实力，企业必须走出国门，实施品牌国际化策略，树立国际品牌。信息化就是一把利器，只要使用得当，能在品牌国际化道路上助企业一臂之力。     

中国企业社会责任影响因素研究——基于公司治理视角的实证分析

通过构建企业社会责任贡献指数,利用我国A股市场的数据,实证检验了内外部公司治理因素与企业社会责任履行的关系。研究发现,公司治理因素是影响社会责任履行的主要因素,健全有效的内外部公司治理有助于企业社会责任的履行,企业社会责任也可以推动公司治理的有效改善和良性发展。最后对于如何提高中国企业社会责任履行和执行的效果提出了相关的政策建议。     

Can antitrust law enforcement spur innovation? Antitrust regulation of patent consolidation and its impact on follow-on innovations

This study examines the effect of antitrust regulation of patent consolidation on the development of follow-on innovations. Our reconciliation of the various strains of literature hypothesizes that in sectors where cumulative innovation is crucial to firms’ market operations, a firm that consolidates patents for substituting technologies for its already-possessed technologies discourages market competitions and follow-on innovation by competitors. In this case, antitrust regulation of patent consolidation is anticipated to positively affect competitors’ follow-on innovation. We empirically test this hypothesis with the case of the US Department of Justice's regulation of Novell's software patent transfers to four large proprietary software companies (i.e., Microsoft, Oracle, EMC, and Apple) in 2011. Our analyses using US patent, trademark, and copyright data have found evidence corroborating our hypothesis. Our research provides policy and scholarly implications regarding how antitrust law can be a complementary institution to the patent law for promoting innovation.