二次分配问题及其研究进展(I)

二次分配问题(QAP)是应用于诸多领域的经典组合优化难题之一.本文简要回顾了目前QAP问题的模型和求解方法的研究进展,最后讨论了求解QAP的发展趋势.     

二次约束下的边界约束非凸二次规划问题的最优化算法

二次规划是非线性规划问题中较为重要的一种,非线性规划问题的发展方向是使非线性规划问题变换成以序列为基础的对二次规划问题的求解与计算。文中将二次约束下的边界约束非凸二次规划问题作为研究目标,运用改进的分支定界算法对该问题进行最优化求解。首先,利用非线性二次函数的特性对原问题实现等价问题的变换,采用新型改进的线性松弛策略实现对原问题函数的松弛效果,利用外接最小体积椭球松弛法求解目标函数最优解下界值,再用最大体积椭球紧缩法求解目标函数最优解上界值,重复迭代步骤至下界与上界相等;其次,在确定原问题的最优下界和上界后,利用超矩形缩减法及标准二分法在松弛结果基础上对超矩形实现削减,使全局中不是最优解的部分得到剔除,最终实现非凸二次规划问题最优解。通过仿真实验证明,利用文中改进型分支定界算法使非凸二次规划问题达到了全局最优解。     

市场机遇信息搜寻中的人际关系特性研究

研究个体间的不同人际关系特性如何影响他们对市场机遇信息搜寻的效果,提出四个关系特性:通晓性、情感性、权威性、信任性.构建了测量模型并利用二次指派程序(Quadratic Assignment Procedure,QAP)的方法对模型进行了统计检验.结果表明,除权威性外的其它三个关系特性对创业者的机遇信息搜寻都具有显著影响.     

二维变系数抛物型方程参数反演的摄动量算法

讨论了二维变系数抛物型方程的参数识别反问题,将其归为最优化问题,应用基于正则化方法的反问题求解方法—最佳摄动量法,给出数值求解。并利用此方法反演计算了具有分段函数系数的二维抛物型方程的参数识别反问题,通过对具体算例的程序实现和数值计算,验证了最佳摄动量法解决此类问题的有效性和可行性。     

基于蚁群算法的TSP问题求解

人工蚁群算法是受到蚂蚁在觅食过程中能发现蚁巢到食物的最短路径这种搜索机制的启发而发展起来的一种群体智能算法、蚁群算汝在求解一系列困难的组合优化问题上取得成效,成为解决TSP,VRP,QAP,JSP等典型问题的一种新型的强有力算法.本文对蚁群算法的起源和发展历史、算法理论研究的主要内容和方法以及应用等进行了系统的论述.     

竞争型连锁经营网点选址模型与遗传算法解

竞争型宫锁经营网点选址模型，骼于解决多个新增网点的选址和预算分配问题，该模型对于供应链前端网点的优化配置，具有较强的现实意义和应用价值。文章归纳分析了预算固定分配与预算可变分配两种类型的选址模型，以及基于Weiszfeld的启发式算法。由于该问题属于非线性规划问题，采用启发式算法，有可能落入局部优化解。文章提出了基于遗传算法求解该问题的可能、步骤和具体方法，并给出了计算实例。计算结果表明，采用遗传算法求解，方法可行，计算结果具有较高的稳定性和精度。     

浅谈变压器穿越电流分析计算方法

降压变压器二次侧发生各种形式短路时,在一次侧会引起一定的穿越电流。当变压器连接方式不同,二次侧短路形式不同时,一次侧引起的穿越电流分布也不同。对称分量法是解决这一问题的重要方法。现行各种版本的供电技术教材对该部分内容介绍过于简单,一般直接给出结论,忽略了必要的分析和具体的推导过程。针对上述问题,简要介绍了对称分量法的基本概念,并举例说明了利用对称分量法求解变压器穿越电流值的具体过程。     

一类投资选择问题的公式解法

本文建立了一类投资选择问题的二次规划模型,并用ＳＵＭＴ推导了求解公式,最后给出了一个计算实例     

我国省域知识产权发展空间关联及其影响因素研究

探究省域知识产权发展空间关联及其影响因素对国家实现创新发展具有重要的指导意义,本文利用修正的引力模型确定我国省域知识产权发展空间关联网络结构,基于社会网络分析(SNA)和二次指派程序(QAP)对该网络进行特征刻画和影响因素分析.研究表明:省域知识产权发展关联紧密,呈现明显的核心-边缘特征;空间近临关系、科技服务水平和人...     

利用线性规划技术估计回归系数

线性规划技术已被应用于许多学科。有一类统计问题,根据其实质可视为线性规划问题,或者说可转化为线性规划问题进行求解。本文讨论在回归分析中利用线性规划技术对线性模型中的回归系数进行估计。最小二乘法通常用作最优拟合的准则。其优点在于消除了正负误差相互抵消的问题,突出了大的拟合误差的作用以及计算上方便。我们能求解普通的线性方程组     

Coordinated decentralized sliding mode MRAC with control cost optimization for a class of nonlinear systems

In this paper, we develop an approach for solving the problem of sliding mode decentralized adaptive state-feedback tracking with continuous control actions for a class of uncertain nonlinear dynamical systems. In addition to the traditional asymptotic zero error tracking specification in the sliding mode decentralized model reference adaptive control (MRAC) problem formulation, here an additional requirement is specified explicitly in the problem statement. The tracking objective is described by a set of admissible reference trajectories, called a performance tube. The input signal to the reference model, selected within specified bounds, is used as a design parameter. The best reference trajectory is found by solving an additional optimization problem whose criterion penalizes the variance of the control signal.     

Global regulation of feedforward nonlinear systems with unknown time-varying control coefficients and growth rate

In this paper, we consider a regulation problem for a class of feedforward nonlinear systems with unknown control coefficients and unknown growth rate. More specifically, the unknown control coefficients are assumed to be time-varying and belong to ranges with unknown upper and lower bounds. Due to the described control coefficients with uncertain feedfoward nonlinearities, our considered system is the natural extension of the related existing results. In solving our control problem, a new adaptive controller is derived by constructing a Lyapunov function in backstepping-like procedure and utilizing appropriate parameters based on the gain scaling technique and Nussbaum function. The uniquely designed exponents of a dynamic gain overcome the difficulties caused from the unknown sign and unknown ranges of the control coefficients and uncertain nonlinearities and thus play a key role in system regulation. We give the rigorous system analysis and simulation results of the numerical example to certify our control method.     

Improved results on distributed observer-based positive edge consensus

This paper revisits the observer-based positive edge consensus problem for nodal networks. So far, existing positive edge consensus of directed networks with less conservative connectivity conditions have to use the global topology information. On the other hand, instead of using global topology information, the positive consensus conditions using the bounds of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix are conservative. To tackle these problems, less conservative bounds of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix are presented. Based on a general distributed observer-based approach, the necessary and sufficient conditions of the edge consensus are derived. And then, with the improved bounds of the Laplacian eigenvalues, less conservative sufficient conditions without using global topology information are given. By solving the algebraic Riccati inequalities, semi-definite programming algorithms are developed to obtain the solutions. Finally, simulation results are also given to illustrate the given results.     

Diversification of procedural and administrative costs and innovation: Some firm-level evidence

We examine the diversification of administrative and procedural costs on patent stock using a large dataset from the European Patent Office with 15,000 firms for the period between 1995 and 2015. The results reveal that administrative and procedural costs are significant for firm-level patenting activity. However, not all administrative and procedural costs have equal effects. Higher administrative costs often encourage patent application and validation by solving the adverse selection problem and short-run opportunism, as well as other sources of asymmetric information. The effective administration of intellectual property law and low-cost enforcement are found to considerably foster patenting activity. The effects are robust for various mis-specification checks and do not disappear once country-level research and development infrastructure proxies are controlled for. The extreme bounds of administrative and procedural costs are computed across more than 5 billion regressions, and the sizeable impact of administration on patent application and validation outcomes is confirmed.     

技术接近性对国际技术合作影响———基于“一带一路”国家专利合作的研究

摘要：本文旨在研究技术合作驱动原因,并在探索其在国家层面上的影响因素。提出技术接近性对国际技术合作的影响假设,运用接近性分析方法,考虑社会接近性和地理距离等其他因素,以“一带一路”合作专利数据为研究对象,运用社会网络分析中的二次指派程序（QAP）方法。研究表明：国家之间技术接近性与技术合作呈倒U型关系,社会接近性与地理距离对合作具有调节作用。意味着过高或过低的技术领域组合的同质化都不利于提高技术合作绩效,同时国家间地理距离减缓了技术接近性对国际技术合作效应的影响。本研究对国际技术合作开展与筹划提供参考。     

On the estimation of the covariance of the continuous multiplicative systems

This paper addresses the estimation problem for the steady state and error covariances of continuous systems subjected to additive and multiplicative noise. Several upper and lower matrix bounds of these covariances are developed. Comparing to existing results, these obtained bounds are more general. Furthermore, it is also shown that they are sharper for some case(s).     

Neural network adaptive control design for robot manipulators under velocity constraints

This paper studies the neural adaptive control design for robotic systems with uncertain dynamics under the existence of velocity constraints and input saturation. The control objective is achieved by choosing a control Lyapunov function using joint error variables that are restricted to linear growth and furthermore by introducing a secant type barrier Lyapunov function for constraining the joint rate variables. The former is exploited to bind the forward propagation of the position errors, and the latter is utilized to impose hard bounds on the velocity. Effective input saturation is expressed, and neural networks are employed to tackle the uncertainty problem in the system dynamics. Feasibility conditions are formulated, and the optimal design parameters are obtained by solving the constrained optimization problem. We prove that under the proposed method, semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed. Tracking errors meanwhile converge to small neighborhoods of the origin, and violations of predefined velocity constraints are avoided. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical developments.     

社会系统中的冲突问题和分析方法研究

本文对社会系统中普遍存在的冲突问题进行了深入细致的分析和研究,并就目前该领域的研究分析方法进行了全面的阐述,为该领域的研究提供有借鉴意义的分析方法。     

PBL在经管类研究生培养中的应用评价

通过问卷调查,以问题解决问卷(PSI)作为测度指标,验证PBL前后的能力变化以及个人特征对问题解决能力的影响.结果表明目前经管类研究生的问题解决能力较弱.问题解决能力在PBL前后存在显著性差异,PBL具有提高经管类研究生解决问题能力的效果.效果产生是受教者特点和PBL特性所决定的.PBL前后的问题解决能力在个人特征之间无显著性差异,PBL在提高经管类研究生的问题解决能力整体水平上具有有效性.     

产业联盟应用TRIZ加速创新的机理与方法研究

产业联盟的创新活动具有参与主体多、创新问题复杂、伙伴匹配性要求高等特点,从而极易导致创新的低效率,TRIZ理论作为国际公认的重要创新方法之一,能够有效地解决联盟创新中存在的主要问题。首先介绍TRIZ理论基本内容及解决创新问题的流程,在此基础上揭示TRIZ作用于产业联盟创新的机理,设计基于TRIZ的产业联盟创新方向确定方法和创新时间内耗因子控制方法,旨在为加速产业联盟创新提供参考。