美国科考之旅杂记——参加美国秋海棠协会年会及开展野生美洲黄莲考察

作为一个植物科学工作者,呆在实验室摆弄一些仪器、试剂,或坐在办公室敲击键盘处理数据、写点文章固然必不可少,开展野外考察和学术会议交流也十分重要.比起参加会议,野外考察更具有挑战性,充满艰辛甚至冒险.今年8月,鉴于课题研究和交流的需要,在兼顾参加美国秋海棠协会(American Begonia Society,简称ABS)年度大会和美洲黄莲(Nelumbo lutea)野外考察的情况下,我花了3周多时间,圆满地完成了美国科考之旅,收获之多,感触之深,难用言语尽述.     

家庭养花巧避害

近绿者康,老年人养花种草已成为一种陶冶情操,丰富退休生活的新时尚。《金秋科苑》2000年第6期载《养花须防花中“杀手”》一文,列举多种花卉有毒,但没有说明如何防?几年前,大连风传秋海棠可使人得癌症,弄得人心惶惶,许多养花者都把它拔掉。其实,花卉对人有害不外乎接触、误服、气     

你知道吗?

正红色叶子可以进行光合作用吗?植物必须通过光合作用吸收养分才能生长,叶绿素是进行光合作用的关键物质。但有些植物的叶子是红色的,像红苋菜、秋海棠、糖萝卜的叶子,它们是怎样进行光合作用的呢?原来,这些红色的叶子里也有叶绿素,只是过多的花青素把叶绿素盖住了。如果把这些叶子放在水里加热,叶子就会变成绿色了,因为花青素     

植物与植物生态

开发方法助力小麦等大基因组作物核心基因组低成本组装及新基因挖掘中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心/植物生理生态研究所张一婧研究组与中科院遗传与发育生物学研究所童依平研究组合作,开发并优化实验与计算流程,实现低成本组装小麦等大基因组作物的核心基因组。研究论文发表于Nucleic Acids Research。植物高度的遗传多态性为分子育种提供了丰富的遗传资源,确定重要农艺性状的根本方法在于比较不同群体或比较     

结合云南特色,开辟新兴产业

1985年,我们认真贯彻中央的科技方针,既注意抓科研工作的纵深部署,又抓为国民经济建设服务项目的组织和实施,突出资源、山地、生物技术,重视生物基础理论和天文实测研究。结合云南实际情况,重点组织了为国民经济服务项目20个,有9项通过鉴定,有9项进展良好,共取得比较重大的应用成果16项,科学价值和经济效益部比较显著。如     

为《Flora of China》提供的伞形科新资料

在为编写《Flora of China》伞形科而进行的修订工作中，提出了11个新组合，即矮小丝瓣芹Acronema minus (M. F. Watson) M. F. Watson & Z. H. Pan, 短柄丝瓣芹A. brevipedicellatum Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, 川西当归Angelica sinensis var. wilsonii (H. Wolff) Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, 云南细裂芹Harrysmithia franchetii (M. Hiroe) M. L. Sheh, 钝叶独活Heracleum candicans var. obtusifolium (Wall. ex DC.) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, 中华天胡荽Hydrocotyle hookeri ssp. chinensis (Dunn ex R. H. Shan & S. L. Liou) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, 普渡天胡荽H. hookeri ssp. handelii (H. Wolff) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, 锐棱岩风Libanotis grubovii (V. M. Vinogradova) M. L. Sheh & M. F. Watson, 美脉藁本Ligusticum likiangense (H. Wolff) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson和线叶藁本L. nematophyllum (Pimenov & Kljuykov) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, 无管藁本L. nullivittatum (K. T. Fu) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson和二色棱子芹Pleurospermum bicolor (Franch.) C. Norman ex Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson.; 发现了1个新种，即短柄丝瓣芹。此外，还为Pleurospermum govanianum var. bicolor Franch.指定了后选模式。     

南亚和东南亚龙胆属(龙胆科)的新名称、新组合及分类注释

本文提出了龙胆属两个种的新名称(Gentiana membranulifera T．N．Ho,G．nudicaulisKurz var. assa- mensis T．N．Ho)和5个变种的新组合[(Gentiana lateriflora Hemsl．var. uncifolia(H．J．Lam)T．N．Ho, G．sumatrana Ridl．var．humifusa(S．Moore)T．N．Ho,G. quadrifaria Bl．var．wightii(Kusnez．)T．N．Ho, G．loerzingii Ridl. var．timida(Kerr)T．N．Ho,G．membranulifera T．N．Ho var．recurvata (Kusnez．)T．N．Ho)〕。     

国产羊茅属的新分类群

Some new taxa of the genus Festuca (Gramineae) are described from China. They are Sect. Longiglumes S.L. Lu,Sect. Muticae S.L. Lu, Sect. Sinensis S.L. Lu, Sect, Nitidulae S.L. Lu, and Festuca pubiglumis S.L. Lu, F. longiglumis S. L. Lu, F.fascinata Keng, F. mutica S.L. Lu, F. sinensis Keng, F. subalpina Chang et Skvort. ex S.L. Lu, F. chelungkingnica Chang et Skvort. exS.L. Lu. In addition, one new name F. taiwanensis S.L. Lu is included.     

中国谷精草属的新资料

 本文报道了谷精草属3个新系，7个新种、5个新变种、2个新组合、3个新记录、修正了5个种的特征记载，新归并学名15个，共涉及全国32种8变种中的34个。     

横断山区马先蒿属新分类群

Six new species, 1 new subspecies  and  1 new  variety  are  described in this  paper.  They are P. salviiflora  Franch.  ex Forbes et Hemsl. var.  leiocarpa H. P. Yang (Ser. Salviiflorae Prain), P. rex C. B. Clarke subsp. zayuensis H. P. Yang (Ser. Reges Li), P. xiangchengensis H. P. Yang (Ser. Cyathophyllae Li), P. deqinensis H. P. Yang (Ser. Myriophyllae Maxim.), P. weixiensis H. P. Yang(Ser. pectinatiformes  Tsoong),  P. rizhaoensis H. P. Yang (Ser.  Lyratae  Maxim.), P. gongshanensis  H. P. Yang (Ser.  Cernuae Li), P. dulongensis H. P. Yang  (Ser. Wilsoniae Li).     

湖南轮藻新植物

本文报道了产自湖南省的轮藻1新种、4新变种、  5个亚洲新记录和8个中国新     记录：四盾轮藻Chara quadriscutula sp．nov., 布氏轮藻柱孢变种 C．braunii Gmelin var．     cylindrospora，var．nov., 松形轮藻湖南变种 C．hydropitys var．hunanensis，var．nov., 腋球丽     藻二型变种  Nitella axilliformis Imahori var．biformis  var．  nov．, 小果丽藻单果变种N．     microcarpa Braun var．unicarpa，var．nov．以及小果丽藻N．microcarpa Braun，细枝丽藻  N．     leptoclada Braun，安氏丽藻N．annandalei Pal，疏丝丽藻N.confervacea A  Braun, 细形丽     藻N．gracilliformis J. Groves，倒置丽藻N．inversa Imahori，武藏丽藻N.musashiensis Mo-     rioka，稀脊丽藻N．paucicostata T. F. Allen，尖头丽藻戈尔梅变种 N．  acuminata var．     gollmeriana(A．Br．)Zanev．＆ R．D. Wood，博尔德鸟巢藻Tolypella boldii Sawa，长枝轮     藻Chara longifolia Robinson，匹斯汀轮藻C．pistianensis J．Vilhelm 和格氏轮藻  C.grovesiiPal。     

中国旌节花科的系统研究(一)——植物地理学、细胞学、花粉学

 The present paper, mainly dealing with phytogeographical, Cytological and Palynolo gical studies on Chinese Stachyuraceae, is the first part of a series of contributions to systematics of this family. As we know, Stachyuraceae, a monogeneric family, is  endemic to East Asia, with a strong differentiation in China. Systematic position of the family is still uncertain. Undoubtedly, multidisciplinary studies on it wisl give a better understanding of plant differentiation in East-Asiatic floristic region and systematic position of the family.      The distribution of all the 9 Chinese species of Stachyurus have been studied on the basis of morphogeographical method. The status of some taxa has been changed as follows: Stachyurus chinensis Franch. ssp. latus (Li) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov. S. chinen-sis Franch. Ssp. cuspidatus (Li) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov. S. chinensis Franch. ssp. brachystachyus (C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov. S. salicifolius Franch. ssp. lancifolius (C. Y. Wu) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov., S. yunnanensis Franch. var. pedicellatus Rehd. and S. oblongifolius Wang et Tang being reduced as synonyms of S. yunnanensis Franch. From morphological point of view, we would consider that sect. Callosurus is more primitive and its present area might be the preservation center of the family.      In this paper the chromosome numbers of 5 taxa, i.e. Stachyurus yunnanensis, S. chinensis ssp. chinensis, S. chinensis ssp. cuspidatus, S. salicifolius ssp. salicifolius, S. retusus, are reported for the first time. Along with the chromosome countings of S. himalaicus and S. sigeyosii by S. kurosawa, we come to the conclusion that all the species so far studied have 24 small somatic chromosomes (2n=24).      The pollen grains of 6 taxa, i.e. Stachyurus yunnanensis, S. obovatus, S. himalaicus, S. chinensis ssp. chinensis, S. salicifolius ssp. salicifolius, S. retusus were also examined. Together with the observations of G. Erdman and Huang Tsengchien on  S. himalaicus, it seems that the pollen grains of the genus Stachyurus are rather uniform in  morphology. The pollen grains of sect. Callosurus are tricolporoidate, while those of sect. Stachyurusare tricolporate. Two pollen types, representeb by the two sections, though not strongly distinct, may be considered as further evidence of the validity of the two taxa as section.       Sexuality of flowers is also disscussed in the paper. According to our observationon six species, i.e. Stachyurus yunnanensis, S. obovatus, S. himalaicus, S. chinensis, S. salicifolius, S. retusus, the plants are dioecious, which supports T. Makino's observation on S. praecox and H. Hara's on S. himalaicus. Female flowers have relatively large pistils and short stamens with empty anthers, while male flowers have smaller sterile pistils and longer stamens with well developed anthers.     

中国苔草属二柱苔草亚属新资料

In addition, two new  sections,  Echinochlomorphae Y.  L.  Chang and Thomsonianae Y. L. Chang, two new combinations,  C.  duriuscula  subsp.  rigescens (Franch.) S. Y. Liang et Y. C. Tang (=C. stenophylla var. rigescens Franch.) and C. rochebrunii Franch. Subsp. reptans (Franch.) S.  Y.  Liang et Y. C. Tang (=C. remotae  L. var. reptans  Franch.) are  made,  and C. stenophylloides V. Krecz. is reduced to C. duriuscula subsp.  stenophylloides  (V. Krecz.) S.  Y. Liang et Y. C.Tang.     

中国苦苣苔科的研究(九）

Ten new species, three new varieties and a new section of the family Ge- sneriaceae are described from China in the present paper.   They are Tremacron urceolatum K. Y. Pan from Muli of SW Sichuan, T. obliquifolium K. Y. Pan from Miyi and Yanyuan of SW Sichuan, T. aurantiacum K. Y. Pan from Mabian and Pinshan of S Sichuan, lsometrum Sect.  Chorianthera W. T. Wang et K. Y. Pan (with I. eximium Chun as the section type), Isometrum eximium Chun ex K. Y. Pan from Jiulong, Muli  and  Jinyang  of  SW  Sichuan; Ancylostemon mairei (Levl.) Craib var. emeiensis K. Y. Pan from Mt. Emei of Sichuan, A. aureus (Franch.)  Burtt var. angustifolius K. Y. Pan from Zhenkang of SW Yunnan, A. ga- mosepalus K. Y. Pan from Hanyuan, Yanyuan and Yuexi of SW Sichuan, A. rhombifolius K. Y. Pan from Meigu of SW Sichuan, A. ronganensis K. Y. Pan from Rong an of Guangxi; Corallodiscus flabellatus) (Craib) Burtt var. puberulus K.Y. Pan from Zhongdian and Deqin of NW Yunnan, Nanchuan of S Sichuan and Zayü of Xizang (Tibet), Beccarinda minima K. Y. Pan from Jinxiu and Xiangzhou of Guangxi, Boeica stolonifera K. Y. Pan from Fang- cheng, Shiwandashan, Pingnan and Dongxing of S Guangxi, B. multinervia K. Y. Pan from Yingjiang of W Yunnan, and Paraboea barbatipes K. Y. Pan from Napo of W Guangxi and Xichou of SE Yunnan.