Telephone Interview-One of the Key Research Methods in Education

Telephone interviewing is a crucial but not well-documented qualitative research method in sociology.Such aspects as how to conduct a telephone interview and by whom such a method is best used,are illustrated specifically.More importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of telephone interviews are critically exploited.As a relatively cheap,flexible and reliable means of gathering data,telephone interview deserves more attention.Moreover,due to such obstacles as sampling,establishing rapport and recognizing the limitations of data generated,it is best to use telephone interviewing for educational research in conjunction with other data collection methods.     

Conceptualising an Educational Research:An Understanding from a Philosophical View

In the paper’ Development and social competence after two years for students enrolled in inclusive and self-contained educational programs’, forty students in two groups are assessed across two years of inclusive and self-contained educational programming respectively in order to compare the outcomes on measures of child development and social competence. In this paper, the educational research mentioned above will be conceptualised from three aspects. Firstly, the foundations of the research will be identified from an epistemological and ontological perspective. Secondly, a critical appraisal will be given regarding the relationships between research,theory and practice in the paper. Finally, ethical challenges and issues in the paper will be pointed out and possible solutions proposed.     

Quality criteria of research perceived by academics in social sciences at higher education

The purpose of this study is to examine the problem of research quality in social sciences at higher education. Quality of research produced at higher education started to be questioned more often as research became the major factor determining academics＇ promotion and fund allocation to universities. In the study, we aimed to reveal how academics perceive research quality and what they identify as the main problems that make it difficult to achieve quality in research. Data were collected through interviews with 25 academics from 7 disciplines （educational sciences, sociology, communicational sciences, law, history, management and political science） in 7 universities. Six of the academics interviewed were professors, 7 were associate professors, 10 were assistant professors and 2 were doctors. Interviews were carried out in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 academic years, and each lasted about one hour on average. Data collected were analyzed through content analysis. Study findings revealed that academics referred most often to methodological issues as the most important quality criterion of research, followed by issues of theoretical background and originality. Academics definitions of sub-criteria related to these were tackled in more detail in the study. As the most important hindrances that make it difficult to achieve quality in research academics mentioned lack of a long-established research culture, problems of research resources and the pressure caused by academic promotion criteria. Some recommendations related to the problems were made to develop research quality in the light of the study findings.     

Research on the Sexism in English Language

English is not only a language tool,but also an ideological tool.Vocabulary of the language can faithfully reflect the culture it serves such as sexism.The oxford advanced learner’s dictionary explains it as below:the unfair treatment of people,especially women,because of their sex.Sexism is a social phenomenon which has a long history.It has been hiding in language and culture with the mainstream thinking.And it can be discovered from vocabularies,proverbs practical applications and metaphors.The present report aims to research the values of sexism through the mirror of English language.Furthermore,we will learn the social circumstances and reasons of this phenomenon.And we can make a more clear understanding of the state of women in English language countries.In this research,literature review and analysis are adopted.The findings are as follows:sexism real exists in many aspects of English language.There are many reasons accounting for this phenomenon like culture factors,history factors,psychological factors,political factors and so on.It may still last for a long time.However,the gradual change of sexism will be the tendency.Basing on the results of this research,sexism plays an important role in communication,education and literature.So the more you know it,the better you will avoid trouble.Therefore,the present research has important practical significances.     

On Academic Conflict in Medical Research Articles

Objective:To investigate the distribution of academic conflicts, if any, in medical research articles. Methods:Twenty-seven and 25 medical research articles in the field of internal medicine were selected from English and Chinese respectable jour nals, respectively. Then, the speech acts that reflected a conflict between a scientist’s knowledge claim and another scientist’s knowledge claim were manually searched and recorded in each paper. Data were analyzed using non-parametric Chi-test. Results:There were 123 academic conflicts recorded in the English corpus and 49 Academic Conflicts in the Chinese corpus. Significant difference was observed in the overall frequency of academic conflicts between the English and Chinese medical discourse (p=0.001). Besides, as for the distribution within research articles, introduction and discussion sections were the sections where Academic Conflict speech acts were most likely to occur in both corpra. Conclusion:The Chinese scholars are less likely to criticize peers. Introduction and discussion sections were the sections where Academic Conflict speech acts were most likely to occur. Our results are in agreement with previous results and confirmed the claim that highly different cultures vary in their discourse preferences. Our findings are of pedagogical significance.     

Primary school curriculum for educable mentally retarded children： A Turkish case

Educable mental retardation is a delay in acquiring basic reading, writing and counting skills emerging through late speaking and linguistic development along with social, emotional or behavioral problems. It is pointed out that such children have intelligence in the 45-74 range, and that they are incompetent in terms of language skills, perception power, memory capacity, imagination and creativeness. Primary school curriculum for educable mentally retarded children was adopted so as to implement beginning in 2001-2002 academic year. The curriculum was designed so as to apply in primary education schools where educable mentally retarded children attend or in private classes included in the body of primary education schools. It was designed in order for such children to improve their skills of understanding themselves, establishing positive social relations, adjusting to the social, technological and physical environment, and surviving independently. This current study is based on a qualitative method, and is focused on educable mentally retarded children who are at primary school age in Turkey. Having described the characteristics of such children, their needs are explained, the curriculum developed for such children is described, and teachers＇ views concerning the implementation of the curriculum are presented in this research.     

感觉量的定量化和理性化研究

The paper gives a brief analysis of the color harmony aesthetic measure of Spencer which was emerged in the industry art age,and points out shortcomings of the early studies.It studies order factors which affect the color harmony aesthetic measure based on the psychophysical method ,and presents a continuous curve of the order factors.These are necessary for true color CAD,and are an essential research for automatic design leading to economic and social benefits.     

Research on Effect of Age Parameter in Second Language Acquisition

In the filed of Second Language Acquisition (SLA),language learners’final competence and learning efficiency could be greatly influenced by individual differences,including language aptitude,learners’motivation,first language context and age.These individual differences mentioned above are always regarded as the remarkable parameters in the study on SLA.As one of the most influential parameter,age newly has been re-fetched by contemporary SLA researchers and in this research field critical and sensitive period hypothesis are set as highly valuable research target to explore the problems of learning rate,teaching method ology and language policy.This article firstly introduces the basic theoretical framework of critical and sensitive period hypothesis,and then explores the relation of these two hypotheses and the SLA by existing experimental results.Based on detailed theoretical introduction and exploration of recent research experiment,implications of critical and sensitive period hypothesis are further ap plied in the Chinese teaching context,i.e.the feasibility of age-based multi-methodology teaching method.Meanwhile,exist ing limitations of current major research in this filed also will be presented in order to assist the future experimental study in Chi nese teaching context,especially university ESL teaching.     

The Study of Connotations of Certain Color Words in Chinese and English Culture

1Introduction Language is a kind of social phenomenon and is the carrier of culture. At the same time, it is an important part of culture. However, it is vocabulary that carries the cultural information most and reflects the human beings' social and cultural life most obviously. Vocabulary encapsulates the different cultures, and meanwhile, cultural differences result in connotative divergence of vocabulary.     

To Comprehend American Social Culture From American Cartoon Movies

The purpose of this study was to research the American social culture in detail from American cartoon movies. Since 1990s, a great number of excellent cartoon movies have been produced .For example the world famous Shrek, Garfield, and so on. Although the contents of these cartoon movies are different, these cartoon movies are one of the approaches for people to know American society and its citizens. Therefore, this study shows not only the background and the main works of American cartoon movies but also the different aspects of American social culture - politics, economy, education and values. In every aspect, some explanations of the affiliation between American society and its cartoon movies have been brought forward.     

Best Practices for Interviewing Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Maltreatment Cases

Globally, children with intellectual disabilities are at an increased risk of being victims of maltreatment compared to those without disabilities. Among the children who do disclose the abuse, limitations with communication and working memory can result in their allegation being perceived as not credible. There are several evidence-based interviewing methods available to interviewers for improving the accuracy and amount of detail in children’s testimonies, such as free-recall and cognitive load questioning. In general, these interviewing methods have been developed and tested with typically developing populations, and do not take into consideration the needs of children with intellectual disabilities. Further, there is very little empirical work to guide forensic interviews with intellectually disabled populations, despite there being a great need for such strategies. To address this notable gap in the literature, the current article reviews the contemporary literature on forensic interviewing to identify the best methods for questioning children with intellectual disabilities in maltreatment cases. Adaptations to the commonly used forensic interviewing techniques, including verbal, nonverbal, and repeated questioning strategies, are proposed that address the unique developmental, social, and emotional needs of this population. Furthermore, a series of recommendations are provided to enhance the limited forensic interviewing research with this population.     

社会新闻基本特征及其采写原则

社会新闻的特性直接影响到社会新闻的采写,只有弄清其定义及特性,才能指导我们正确地采写社会新闻。本文尝试从社会新闻的根本特性“生活性”及其附属的“边缘性”、“复杂性”、“跨文化性”等方面特性加以探讨,并同时论及每个特性采写时的原则性要求。     

安顺屯堡文化价值要析

作者以安顺屯堡文化为研究对象,运用文献调查法、个案访谈法、参与观察法等进行资料收集,在此基础上借助于结构——功能理论为主要工具。同时又兼顾文化哲学、价值学的相关理论,展开对屯堡文化价值问题的研究。认为屯堡文化具有历史价值、文化价值、社会和谐价值、审美价值、经济价值等诸多价值。通过研究,旨在从理论上为屯堡文化相关研究人员提供一些参考的线索,从实践上为利益相关方和社会公众提供较为系统的而非片断的信息,使人们重视屯堡文化在当代的社会价值。     

崇权文化与表演式课堂——文化冲突背景下的教师课堂教学研究

“多彩的桥”这一新课程的典型教学案例，向我们提出了一个重要问题：什么样的社会文化力量在作用于新课程改革？它是如何作用于新课程改革的？访谈和观察研究发现，在新课程实施过程中，教师受传统的崇权文化经验的左右，习惯于将课程改革理解为执行的过程，而不是问题探索的过程。     

消费者创新抵制及其影响因素研究

通过访谈和内容编码的研究方法探索消费者不同类型的创新抵制行为的影响因素,研究显示延迟采用主要受到经济风险和消费者使用模式两个因素的影响,拒绝采用主要受到经济风险、功能风险、社会风险、使用模式、感知产品形像五个因素的影响,而反对采用受到身体风险、功能风险、社会风险、传统和规范、感知产品形象五个因素的影响研究结论对于企业创新产品的推广具有实践指导价值。     

高校竞技体育发展社会环境分析

高校竞技体育发展的社会环境在结构上主要包括物质环境、制度环境、人文环境。以安徽省、山东省具有招生资格的24所高校高水平运动队为调研对象,采用文献资料法、访谈法、数理统计法等方法,从影响高校竞技体育发展的社会环境出发,分析其所处优势和劣势所在,为高校竞技体育的可持续发展提供理论依据。     

Interdisciplinary Role Play Between Social Work and Theater Students

Teaching BSW and MSW students beginning interviewing and relationship-building skills is essential in order to prepare them for practice with clients. In social work methods courses, role plays are commonly-used instructional strategies for helping foundation-level students acquire these initial practice skills. Despite the popularity of this teaching method, the social work literature contains limited studies on the use of role play. In this study, 2 role-play methods are compared, a traditional one in which social work students act out the role of client and social worker and a nontraditional one where the only difference was that theater students role-played the client. Findings revealed that social work students perceived the nontraditional role play as providing a more realistic experience that more closely approximates actual work with clients. Many unanticipated benefits for both sets of students surfaced as a result of this research. Implications for ways to improve this pedagogical tool are discussed along with suggestions for further evaluating role-play methods.     

探询、质疑社会焦点的新闻记者——王志

央视新闻节目主持人、记者王志是一位勇敢、执著、敢于面对社会焦点、热点的新闻多面手。他不畏艰险、敢创禁区,富有社会责任感,集采访、主持和制片于一身。他追根问底的探询质疑采访风格独树一帜,深受大众喜爱。由于他的突出贡献,荣获中国"五四青年奖章"。     

Quality relationships and quality practice in the nursery school

This article is based on research into effective relationships in a nursery school in an urban area. This research was part of a larger research project, between the Manchester Metropolitan University and a Local Authority. The project was concerned with identifying quality care and education (educare) for children under five in a range of educational, social services, voluntary and private establishments. The research was carried out between 1992 and 1994 and involved interviewing the parents of two cohorts of children as well as participants and non‐participant observation in the nursery classrooms. The research findings indicated four categories of practice which contributed towards effective relationships. Aspects of these categories are examined together with examples of questions which practitioners might like to consider in relation to their own school. In conclusion key factors contributing to quality relationships identified in this research are highlighted.     

对当前体育教育中性别不平等问题的思考

随着我国女性学的兴起和发展,＂教育性别平等＂已成为女性主义教育研究者的一个重要课题。通过将社会学范畴的女性学中关于社会性别的理论引进学校体育教育领域,采用文献资料法和专家访谈法,从女性的性别视角对我国目前学校体育教育中存在的性别不平等和忽视性别差异的问题进行考察,对其现象和原因进行探讨与分析。