浅谈“五W”与两种数学学习方式

《全日制义务教育数学课程标准（实验稿）》（以下简称《课程标准》）指出：“有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿和记忆，动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。”在数学课堂教学中，学生对知识的学习有三种基本的方式，即教师与学生的互动称为“教学式”，学生个体的隐性内化和显性外化活动称为“独立式”，学生与学生互动称为“合作式”，     

构建“情境化”英语课堂教学新模式的探索

“情境化”课堂教学模式是指在课堂教学中将“情境”作为教学平台，让学生通过语言体验、意义协商、情感交流的方式来习得语言的教学过程。这种“情境化”的课堂教学模式要求：（1）学习要与情境相联系；（2）学习要与真实活动结合起来；（3）学习要有学生的积极参与。学习的情境越真实，学生构建的知识就越可靠，学生就越容易在真实的情境中运用知识。     

大手牵小手 我们一起走——人音版第二册《粉刷匠》教学记

《音乐课程标准》指出：“有效的音乐实践活动不能单纯地依赖模仿与记忆，自主探究与合作交流是学生学习音乐的重要方式。”合作学习是转变学生学习方式的重要策略。正如英国作家萧伯纳所说：“假如你有一个苹果，我也有一个苹果，彼此交换，手中仍然只有一个苹果；假如你有一种思想，我有一种思想，彼此交换，我们便拥有两种思想。”因此，我们应在思维碰撞、方法共创的氛围里使学生体验到合作的真正意义，从而进一步强化其合作的意识。     

探究性合作学习的教学理念与方式

新课程倡导自主、合作、探究的学习方式。所谓探究性合作学习，就是以合作的形式进行探究性学习，或者说在探究问题的层面上开展合作学习。探究性合作学习需要这样一个“互相支撑，互相依存”的“生态课堂”：个体与环境之间的关系高度和谐；教与学之间的信息（知识的、情感的、行为的）交换形成良性循环；既能满足学生（个体）学习的需要和身心健康发展的需要，也能确保教师教育的成功；师生之间在教学活动中互相支撑，互相依存。民主、平等是构建上述“生态课堂”的最基本原则。要实现生态课堂，必须解决这样几个问题：一是处理好科学知识…     

Book 3 Lesson 65教学设计

一、指导思想：1．坚持以学生为中心，以任务为主的教学原则（Learner-centered，task-based learning）；2．创造使用英语的机会，“学以致用”，贯彻英语学习的交际性原则（communicative-learning）；3．教师的作用：设计者、研究者、组织者、促进者、协调者。     

“合作学习”在英语教学中的应用

合作学习（Cooperative Learning）又称为“小组学习”、“团队学习”，是指教师将班上学生进行分组，以组为活动单位．各组在教师指导下对学习的内容进行讨论，教师对讨论巾的难题进行指导，从而使学生高效、快速、自主地获取知识和技能的一种教学形式。同传统的教学模式相比，“合作学习”它不仅能促进学生的思维发展，还有利于增强学生的参与和合作意识。活跃课堂气氛，提高课堂效率。实现课堂教学的最优化。下面笔者结合职业中学英语教学来淡谈对“合作学习”的体会。     

小学生学习方式变革的实践与探索

走进当前中小学课堂，不难发现，课堂教学模式不少是“灌输→接受”，学生学习方式基本是“听讲→背诵→练习→再现教师传授的知识”，学生完全处于一种被动接受的状态，学生缺少自主探索、合作学习和独立获取知识的机会，创新精神和实践能力的培养得不到重视。在新课程理念的指导下，学生学习方式应当有所改变：数学学习应该多样化，现实的、有趣的、探索性的学习活动应该成为学习的主要形式之一。下面就在新课程理念的指导下，如何让学生自主学习、合作学习和探究学习谈谈我们的一些看法。     

关于教师与教学的一些思考

一、现代教育思想下的教师在现代教育思想的指导下，我们认为，教师不仅只是知识的传授者，更是学生发展的指导者和组织者；教师不是教育改革的“被动者”，更应该是教育改革的“主动参与者”；教师不仅要“育人”，更要“律己”。因此，一名优秀教师的基本特征应该是：1）敬业的精神；2）热爱儿童；3）掌握学科教学法；4）使用多种教与学的模式；5）与其他教师的合作；6）自我的反思。第45届世界教育大会提出了面向21世纪教师的4项责职，这就是：1）终身学习并木断地再培训自己；2）与同事共同开展工作；3）保持与学生之间的良好关系，鼓励…     

从“长方体的体积计算”谈小学数学教学如何实施自主性学习

我国新一轮课程改革的重要目标之一就是改变学生学习方式，让学生通过自主、合作、探究的学习方式，促进知识与技能、情感、态度与价值观的整体发展。因此，在实施“新课改”的过程中，我们必须体现“以人为本”的思想，要充分认识学生是学习的主人，教师是学生学习活动的合作者、咨询者和指导者。在课堂中必须充分调动学生学习的积极性、主动性，切实发挥学生的主体作用。变教师“一言堂”，学生被动接受知识为师生共同研究，学生自主探究获取知识；变“学生围着教师转”为以学生的学习活动为主，学生自己学习、自己发现、自己研究、自己讨论。教师相机引导，适时点拨。     

实施合作学习 提高教学效益

约翰逊和霍勒别克（Johnson，Holubel）将合作学习定义为“一种以小组学习为形式，旨在促进学生合作从而达到最佳学习效果的教学方法。”合作学习具有六个基本特征：1．积极依赖：学生们不仅要为自己的学习负责，而且要为他们所在的小组中其他同学的学习负责。2．个体责任：每名参与者都对小组的学习和成功负有责任。3．积极互动：学生们有机会相互解释所学的东西，有机会相互帮助，完成作业。4．合作技巧：教师应教会学生进行有效地沟通，对小组的活动提供指导，有效地解决组内冲突。5．平等参与：小组成员要学会如何鼓励他人参与。6小组的自我评价：各小组必须定期评价共同活动的情况是否良好，应怎样提高其有效性。     

Teaching collaborative skills with a group leader computer tutor

This paper discusses how a group leader computer tutor may aid students in learning collaborative skills in a co-operative learning environment. However, students need to learn collaborative skills and practice using them. The group leader computer tutor discussed in this paper is designed on the principles of co-operative learning, intelligent tutoring systems and computer-supported collaborative work within an intelligent collaborative learning system (ICLS). The group leader aims to facilitate group work on the task level and to teach students how to use collaborative skills in the discussion level as students work on networked computers in the Jigsaw method of co-operative learning. The ICLS and its group leader were used by two classes at a liberal arts university. Qualitative research shows that the students' co-operative attitudes changed and academic achievement improved from pre- to post-treatment. Students, especially, used the communication skill of openness in comment type discussions. The students enjoyed working collaboratively through the ICLS and their teachers thought that the experience was valuable for them.     

合作学习:追求多元目标的价值统一

合作学习是新课程改革倡导的一种重要学习方式。课堂教学中运用合作学习的方式应陔追求多元目标的价值统一：合作学习既是一种学习方式．也是一个教学目标,更是一种生活态度。作为一种学习方式,合作学习的教学定位是改变师生的教学行为;作为一个教学目标,合作学习的教学定位是训练学生的合作技能;作为一种生活态度,合作学习的教学定位是提升学生的学习品质。     

Co-operative learning for students with difficulties in learning: a description of models and guidelines for implementation

As part of a larger study regarding the inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream classroom settings, Ellen Murphy, of the D Clin Psych programme at NUI Galway, with Ian Grey and Rita Honan, from Trinity College, Dublin, reviewed existing literature on co-operative learning in the classroom. In this article, they identify four models of co-operative learning and specify the various components characteristic of each model. They review recent studies on co-operative learning with the aim of determining effectiveness. These studies generally indicate that co-operative learning appears to be more effective when assessed on measures of social engagement rather than academic performance. Finally, Ellen Murphy, Ian Grey and Rita Honan present their account of the factors that contribute to the successful implementation of co-operative learning for students with difficulties in learning.     

成人高校高职院校中外合作办学管见

近年来,随着教育工作深化改革,成人高等学校和高职院校发展中外合作办学方兴未艾。我国加入世界贸易组织以后,在更大范围、更深层次上实行对外开放的大环境下,中外合作办学将更趋活跃。针对成人高校、高职院校的中外合作办学现状、发展前景,中外合作办学对成教事业有何影响,对办学中注意哪些问题进行研究思考,很有必要。     

Meaningful learning in the cooperative classroom

Meaningful learning is based on more than what teachers transmit; it promotes the construction of knowledge out of learners' experience, feelings and exchanges with other learners. This educational view is based on the constructivist approach to learning and the co-operative learning approach. Researchers and practitioners in various countries and settings seek ways to incorporate these approaches to create meaningful learning in the multicultural classroom and in the co-operative learning classroom. This article presents some of the ideas, studies and methods that signal a major shift of emphasis in education from product to process.     

Putting Co-operative Learning to Good Effect

Co-operative learning in primary schools has recently become the focus of a good deal of research and the importance of language and communication to this kind of learning has been well established. Jim Ewing and his colleagues in Dundee have been investigating the effects of co-operative learning experiences on children's attitudes and linguistic skills and here describe a study which demonstrates the clear gains to be derived from co-operative learning as a means of classroom organisation.     

The effectiveness of structured co-operative teaching and learning in Greek primary school classrooms

This study focuses upon the effectiveness of structured co-operative group work on primary school students, aged between 8.5 and 9.5 years old, regarding their content knowledge, attitudes towards co-operative group work, experiential learning and open-ended curriculum as well as students' social and learning behaviour during co-operative group work. A cross-curricular educational programme was implemented within the curriculum area of environmental studies entitled ‘traffic education'. The methodology applied in this study was the experimental and the case study research designs. The findings of the present study support the view that pupils can gain benefits through structured group work co-operation in obtaining content knowledge and group work skills, as well as in developing positive attitudes towards group work, experiential learning, open-ended curriculum and the co-operation with their peers with learning difficulties (LDs). Changes in the relationships with the peers were not affected after the implementation of the educational programme.     

信息技术下的中学数学教学模式探讨

构建了信息技术下的中学数学教学新模式,并给合案例阐述了数学教学新模式的教学程序,信息技术下的中学数学教学新模式的运用不仅有利于培养学生的创新思维及实践能力,而且有利于改变学生的学习方式,形成动手实践、合作交流、自主探索的新的学习方式。     

合作学习在大学英语教学中的应用

合作学习是一种新颖和富有创意的教学策略和学习方式。该文在阐述我国大学英语教学现状和合作学习理论的基础上,着重探讨合作学习在大学英语教学中的建立和有效实施,从而培养学生的英语应用能力和合作品质,从整体上提高大学英语的教学质量。     

Supersurveillance,democracy, and co-operation – the challenge for teachers

The paper explores pedagogies of surveillance and counter pedagogies of radical democracy and co-operative practice and their implications for continuing professional development (CPD). Teachers have had to respond to an increasing naturalisation of surveillance in schools. However, this naturalisation can be countered by drawing upon the emergent development of the co-operative education movement in the UK. I argue that critical to developing effective pedagogies of radical democracy and co-operation is the formation of a “public space” of discussion and debate about courses of action. This will be illustrated through research drawn from a co-operative school and its use of information technologies. Although the intentions are to improve standards of learning, the hidden curriculum implicit in the use of the technologies can lead to “supersurveillance.” Teachers, I argue, have a critical role in the deconstruction of the naturalisation of supersurveillance and both pre-service and CPD urgently need to address this.