再论高校党组织政治核心作有的发挥

高校党组织是高校的政治核心，是高校健康发展的根本保证。进入新世纪后，要进一步正确认识高校党组织的重要性，充分发挥高校党组织的政治核心作用，紧密围绕学校的教学科研开展党的工作，以抓好师生员工的思想政治工作为主要任务，以建设一支精干高效的思想政治工作队伍为基本保证，以改进思想政治工作的方法为重要措施，同时正确处理好党组织同行政组织与群团组织的关系、党的领导与发挥专家教授作用的关系以及继承与创新的关系。     

渐开线少齿差齿轮副承载能力系数

渐开线少齿差齿轮副,由于是内啮合,齿轮副的齿对之间的间隙很小,在受力后轮齿变形而使得同时有多对齿啮合。本文用简明的几何推导,弹性力学的方法,推导出了轮齿受载弹性变形后同时啮合的确切齿对和承受载荷最大的齿对的载荷与总载荷的比例系数——承载能力系数。利用承载能力系数可算出更符合实际的各齿对分别承受的载荷。经样机的设计、制造和试验结果表明,本文提出的计算方法和公式是正确的,可以有效地提高齿轮副的承载能力。     

Theory Competition and the Process of Change

The reasons why many educational change initiatives have little impact are often framed in terms of either a poorly designed process on the part of the change initiator, or in terms of problems with the attitudes, skills and/or knowledge of those responsible for implementation. In this paper, we seek to integrate these two perspectives more closely by focusing on their interface and the competing theories frequently held by the change initiators and implementers. This concept of theory competition is illustrated with a case of a national literacy initiative in New Zealand in which the change initiators wished to raise the achievement of low performing students through the development of “learning-centred” leadership in schools and evidence-based practice. The desired outcomes were not achieved because theories about what it means to be a successful leader in such a situation, the data needed to undertake the type of evidence-based analysis envisioned and school personnel beliefs about the target students were understood differently by those responsible for initiating the change and those responsible for implementing it.     

高等职业院校的人文教育:理想与现实

崇尚人文精神,体现人文价值,才能建构真正意义上的高等职业教育体系。高等职业教育的培养目标是德才兼备的"职业人",这种"职业人"不仅应具有职业所要求的技术知识和能力,同时还必须具有职业的思想和方法以及职业的态度和情感。当前,我国高等职业院校人文教育缺失,其主要原因在于:模糊的办学理念导致培养目标的偏差,功利主义的价值取向影响了学生人文素质的养成,办学定位不准导致人文教育的针对性不强。加强人文教育是高等职业院校办学理念的本质体现与办学目标的应然选择。为此,需要重构高等职业院校的人文精神,确立科学教育与人文教育融合的办学理念,建立和完善职业人文教育的体系和操作机制,探索高等职业院校人文教育的新途径。     

Curriculum Design of a Flipped Classroom to Enhance Haematology Learning

A common trend in higher education is the “flipped” classroom, which facilitates active learning during class. The flipped approach to teaching was instituted in a haematology ‘major’ class and the students’ attitudes and preferences for the teaching materials were surveyed. The curriculum design was explicit and involved four major components (1) the preparation of the students; (2) the weekly pre-class work; (3) the in-class active learning strategies and (4) closing the learning loop using formative quizzes. Each of these components is discussed in detail and was informed by sound pedagogical strategies. Several different sources of information and several freely available software tools to engage the students are discussed. Two iterations are reported here, with improved pass rate for the final examination from 47 to 48 % in the traditional class to 56–65 % in the flipped classroom approach. The majority of students (93 and 89 %) came to the class prepared, after viewing the screencasts and engaged fully with the activities within the face-to-face time. The students perceived that solving case studies (93 %) was the most beneficial activity for their learning and this was closely followed by the production of essay plans (71 %). The majority of students recommended that this approach be repeated the following year (69 and 75 %).     

Village Elders’ and Secondary School Students’ Explanations of Natural Phenomena in Papua New Guinea

This research investigated the sources of explanations and understanding of natural phenomena in terms of the students’ cultural and school science experiences. The first phase involved interviews with eight village elders that probed their explanations and understanding of natural phenomena. The second phase involved the design, development and administration of two questionnaires on natural phenomena to 179 students in a rural boarding high school in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Most village elders gave explanations of many of the phenomena in terms of spirits, spells, magic, religion, and personal experiences. Most school-aged students choose scientific explanations of natural phenomena in terms of what they had learned in school or from personal experiences. However, many choose explanations of the same phenomena about spirits, spells and magic that came from the village, family or home. The study revealed that students’ ideas about natural phenomena are strongly governed and controlled by their school science knowledge in the school setting. It is likely that their own traditional knowledge cannot be identified in a school setting but that questionnaires in the students’ local language be given to students in their villages (as opposed to school). In addition, so as not to diminish the value of this traditional knowledge, science education programs are needed that are able to consider and harmonise traditional knowledge with school science.     

Performance of PAHs emission from bituminous coal combustion

Carcinogenic and mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated in coal combustion have caused great environmental health concern. Seventeen PAHs (16 high priority PAHs recommended by USEPA plus Benzo[e]pyrene) present in five raw bituminous coals and released during bituminous coal combustion were studied. The effects of combustion temperature, gas atmosphere, and chlorine content of raw coal on PAHs formation were investigated. Two additives (copper and cupric oxide) were added when the coal was burned. The results indicated that significant quantities of PAHs were produced from incomplete combustion of coal pyrolysis products at high temperature, and that temperature is an important causative factor of PAHs formation. PAHs concentrations decrease with the increase of chlorine content in oxygen or in nitrogen atmosphere. Copper and cupric oxide additives can promote PAHs formation (especially the multi-ring PAHs) during coal combustion.     

The effect of network size on intra-network knowledge processes

This paper addresses a neglected topic in the knowledge management literature: how the size of a network of actors affects the nature of intra-network social relations and knowledge processes. It makes a theoretical contribution to developing understanding in this area drawing on a range of literatures including practice-based perspectives on knowledge, the literature on the embeddedness of social relations, and relevant knowledge management literature. The central focus of this paper is on the relationship between network size, network density, and how these variables affect intra-network knowledge processes. It suggests that as network size increases network density is likely to decrease (as it becomes problematic for the actors in such networks to retain strong ties with a significant proportion of the network's members), which it will be suggested has significant ramifications for intra-network knowledge processes. This paper concludes by reflecting on the implications of the ideas developed for network-based forms of organizing, and innovation processes.     

三元场对金属组织影响的研究

实验证明，在元极三元场中浇铸出的铸钢缺陷较少，力学性能较好，尤其是塑性与韧性可以大幅度提高。