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The present study assesses the performance of 54 participating countries in PISA 2006. It employs efficiency indicators that
relate result variables with resource variables used in the production of educational services. Desirable outputs of educational
achievement and undesirable outputs of educational inequality are considered jointly as result variables. A construct that
captures the quality and quantity of educational resources consumed is used as resource variables. Similarly, environmental
variables of each educational system are included in the efficiency evaluation model; while these resources are not controllable
by the managers of the education systems, they do affect outcomes. We find that European countries are characterized by weak
management, the Americans (mainly Latin Americans) by a weak endowment of resources, and the Asians by a high level of heterogeneity.
In particular, Asia combines countries with optimal systems (South Korea and Macao-China); countries with managerial problems
(Hong Kong, China-Taipei, Japan and Israel); others where the main challenge is the weak endowment of resources (Jordan and
Kyrgyzstan), and, finally, others where the main problem is in the long run since it concerns structural conditions of a socioeconomic
and cultural nature (Turkey, Thailand, and Indonesia). 相似文献
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Aisenson Gabriela Legaspi Leandro Pablo María Valenzuela Viviana Czerniuk Renee Miguelez Violeta Vicente Moulia Lourdes Larriba Gerardo Solano Lila Alonso Diego Eduardo 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2022,22(3):739-758
International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance - This article presents results of an investigation that explored the school pathways of young Argentine unskilled workers without a... 相似文献
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Maria Julia Hermida Maria Soledad Segretin Diego Edgar Shalom Matías Lopez‐Rosenfeld Marcelo Claudio Abril Sebastin Javier Lipina Mariano Sigman 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2020,14(1):61-70
Extreme poverty all over the world is concentrated in rural settings. However, studies about cognition in low socioeconomic status (SES) children are for the most part conducted in urban populations. This paper investigates, in a poor rural sample, what are the individual and socioenvironmental variables that make the difference in performance in a processing speed task. Forty four 5‐year‐old children were evaluated with a processing speed task; individual and socioenvironmental information was obtained from parents' interviews. Higher scores in the effortful control dimension of temperament were associated with higher performance in the processing speed task. No other individual or socioenvironmental variable predicted the performance. These results showed that effortful control is important in processing speed and suggest that in low SES rural contexts, low effortful control children would require stronger interventions. 相似文献
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University students experience stress, and how they cope with this stress affects their academic achievement. This study examined stress in teacher education students and had three objectives: to describe different degrees of stress and coping styles; to study the relationship between stress, coping strategies and academic achievement; and to examine whether increased age can moderate the effects of stress on academic achievement in 334 university-students. There were three main findings: many students experienced stress and used avoidance coping strategies; the students who were under less stress and engaged less in cognitive avoidance and more in problem-focused coping were also the students who made more academic achievement; and students under more stress performed worse, but with age stress affected performance less. In teacher education students, it is important to recognize and address the harmful effects of stress on well-being and academic achievement, to avoid long-term problems in professional and personal life. 相似文献
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Antonio M. Battro Cecilia I. Calero Andrea P. Goldin Lisa Holper Laura Pezzatti Diego E. Shalóm Mariano Sigman 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2013,7(3):177-181
Pedagogy is the science and art of teaching. Each generation needs to explore the history, theory, and practice of the teacher–student interaction. Here we pave the path to develop a science that explores the cognitive and physiological processes involved in the human capacity to communicate knowledge through teaching. We review examples from our previous work in this research area and discuss a path to reveal the cognitive and cerebral mechanisms by which we teach, unfolding a complex operation such as teaching in its constituents and components. 相似文献
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Vreixo Formoso Diego Fernández Fidel Cacheda Victor Carneiro 《Information Retrieval》2013,16(6):680-696
Collaborative filtering is a popular recommendation technique. Although researchers have focused on the accuracy of the recommendations, real applications also need efficient algorithms. An index structure can be used to store the rating matrix and compute recommendations very fast. In this paper we study how compression techniques can reduce the size of this index structure and, at the same time, speed up recommendations. We show how coding techniques commonly used in Information Retrieval can be effectively applied to collaborative filtering, reducing the matrix size up to 75 %, and almost doubling the recommendation speed. Additionally, we propose a novel identifier reassignment technique, that achieves high compression rates, reducing by 40 % the size of an already compressed matrix. It is a very simple approach based on assigning the smallest identifiers to the items and users with the highest number of ratings, and it can be efficiently computed using a two pass indexing. The usage of the proposed compression techniques can significantly reduce the storage and time costs of recommender systems, which are two important factors in many real applications. 相似文献
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This article considers the evolving role of information and communication technology within the modern liberal state. Most of the literature focuses on e-government projects, usually seen as opportunities to innovate the business processes of government in close alignment with ideas drawn from New Public Management (NPM). This article argues that the adoption of such a view of e-government overlooks the opportunity to pursue wider innovation in state governance to create more democratic forms of governance. It outlines alternative models for e-government and illustrates them with successful cases of projects based on such models. 相似文献