e-Learning新解:网络教学范式的转换

当代学习理论正在发生有意义的变化,学习越来越多的被认为是建构认知、分布式认知和情境认知的过程,而不仅仅是知识的传递;越来越关注知识协同建构的社会本质,知识协同建构受共同体的影响。Web2．0技术在e-Learning中的应用更加关注学习过程的参与性,强调通过师生、生生之间的学习活动来促进知识内容的内化,通过学习活动的序列化,来支持多种实践导向的教学模式。而普适计算技术的发展,使得学习无时不在、无处不在、按需适应成为可能。在学习理论发展和信息技术发展的双重推动下,网络教学正实现从接受认知范式到建构认知范式再到分布式情境认知范式的转换,这反映了e—Learning从技术向教育回归的基本趋势。     

Computer Self-Efficacy and Motivation to Learn in a Self-Directed Online Course

Despite the increased use of new learning technologies, there is still much to be learned about the role of learner characteristics in online learning. The purpose of this study was to examine how subjects' characteristics normally associated with effective training (i.e., initial motivation to learn and self-efficacy) related to learning in a self-directed online course. From an analysis of 190 respondents, computer and Internet usage prior to the start of class were positively related to individuals' computer self-efficacy and computer self-efficacy was positively related to learning. However, contrary to expectations, computer self-efficacy was not related to initial motivation to learn and motivation to learn was not related to learning in the class. Post hoc analysis of qualitative data enabled a rich explanation of the findings, including an evaluation of the unexpected relationships among the variables of interest and the nature of self-directed courses in virtual learning environments.     

虚拟学习社区信任机制的研究

虚拟学习社区是e-learning一种重要的应用模式,虚拟学习社区强调学生的主体性和学习活动的自主性,更加强调学习的合作性,社区成员之间共享学习资源,交流学习经验,共同完成学习任务。但是由于虚拟学习社区的虚拟性和社会性,使得成员之间信息共享和交流协作成为一个复杂的问题,而其中一个重要的方面就是社区成员是否信任其他成员提供的知识或者相信其他成员会贡献他们所拥有的知识。本文从虚拟学习社区存在的信任问题出发,通过研究和系统分析,讨论了虚拟学习社区的信任机制的建立。     

学习科学视域下的e-Learning深度学习研究

深度学习是学习科学的主旨,也是现阶段所要破解的e-Learning难题,因此,对学习科学视域下的e-Learning深度学习进行研究,追溯起源,把握热点对推进e-Learning学习意义深远。在梳理e-Learning的现状及主要问题的基础之上,剖析了学习科学领域深度学习的重要性,以深度学习的内涵与特征、有意义学习是深度学习的主旨、高水平思维是深度学习的核心等理念为依据构建了e-Learning环境下深度学习分析模型,继而又以此为据,对e-Learning深度学习的研究现状进行述评。研究发现,为了进一步推动学习科学的发展,深度学习的研究必须在学习过程的评估与分析、情感体验等方面进一步加强,在研究方法与研究视角方面进行多角度创新,研究应该更精细深入,多进行相关的量化研究,以充分利用学习评估技术对深度学习的现状进行把脉。     

Integrating e-Learning into the workplace

The significance of e-Learning and knowledge management at the workplace cannot be overemphasized. With the rapid change in all types of working environments, especially medical and healthcare environments, there is a constant need to rapidly train and retrain people in new technologies, products, and services found within the environment. There is also a constant and unrelenting need for appropriate management and leveraging of the knowledge base so that it is readily available and accessible to all stakeholders within the workplace environment. In addition, within the medical and healthcare setting, certain other factors reinforce this need for constant refreshing, training, and retraining of its workers. These factors are outlined below:

• Heightened expectations for improved quality of healthcare services from an increasingly aware and empowered public,

• Acute shortage of doctors and other healthcare professionals (requiring “multitasking” efforts from individuals and thus “forced” learning of new skill sets),

• Heterogeneous standards of healthcare as practised by medical practitioners necessitating policies designed to audit and streamline medical and healthcare practices as per enforcement of minimal credit points to be tied up to issuance/renewal of annual practicing certificates (APC),

• Increased complexity of healthcare services, technologies and products, and,

• Accelerated technological changes.

Our TeleHealth Initiative intends to implement this integration into the healthcare setting workplace via the following applications, namely:

• Just-in-time Continuing Medical Education (CME), which refers to significant and relevant information that can value-add to patient management at the appropriate time and appropriate segment of encounter,

• Formal Distant Education (FDE), which refers to electronic courses delivered online resulting in award of certificates conferred by accredited academic institutions or agencies,

• Modular Distance Learning (MDL), which refers to packaged learning modules designed to maintain competencies and to excel at relevant knowledge and skills which are tied in to issuance/renewal of practising licenses of the healthcare professionals, and,

• Personalised CME, which refers to knowledge, information, and skill sets pushed to healthcare professionals tailored to their areas of expertise, interest, and need.

The solutions as outlined above will be delivered via Internet-based content accredited by relevant authorities. This paper describes our mission to integrate e-Learning into health-related settings and into the routine daily life of medical and healthcare professionals.     

面向教育应用的公共知识服务体系及其研究

本文根据教育的需求和发展知识服务体系的必要性,讨论知识服务和知识服务体系的概念,并就知识服务体系的研究目标和研究内容进行了分析,提出知识服务体系的多层结构及其研究重点。通过两个应用案例,介绍知识服务体系的应用前景,并就知识服务体系研究促进E-Learning的发展与应用进行了论证。     

基于工作流学习的e-Learning环境

普通的e-Learning系统注重对学习对象和学习结果的管理,但忽视了学习的过程。基于工作流的教学活动可以帮助我们对学习过程进行支持、管理和监测。因此,本文将讨论工作流学习在e-Learning环境中的应用和基于工作流管理系统的教学环境的构建思路。     

e-Learning情感计算模型设计研究

目前,绝大多数e-Learning系统是在传统智力观指导下设计开发而成,严重忽视了学习者情感智能的发展。脑科学研究表明,情感在注意、记忆、推理和决策等方面发挥重要作用。以情感计算学说、人工心理学、脑科学等相关理论为指导,赋予计算机和网络以情感智能,以设计出支持适应性学习的e-Learning情感计算模型。     

网络环境下企业培训模式探讨

介绍在计算机和网络环境下进行公司培训的三种方式:e-Training、e-Learning和e-Per-formance各自的优缺点,以及在实际应用中应该注意的原则,认为整合了组织、团队和个人的网络学习与工作实践的e-Performance是企业发展的主要方向.     

21世纪:学习向何处去——绿色学习研究论纲

本文在信息时代学习方式变革的视野中提出了"学习向何处去?"这一严峻的时代课题.文章深入考察了以e-Learning为代表的各种学习新概念,认为这些源自西方文化教育土壤的学习概念反映了信息技术环境下学习之新特点,但却没有包含对学习活动及其后果的价值判断.论文对学习的"绿色"本质和工业文明所导致的学习文化之严重异化、"污染"进行了深刻剖析,提出了"绿色学习"(G-Learning)这一科学与人文内在统一的东方学习文化新概念.论文阐述了G-Learning的丰富内涵,论证了倡导"绿色学习"、开展"学习环保"之重要性、紧迫性和可行性,并就如何借鉴40多年来世界"绿色环保"运动的成功经验,协调个体、家庭、学校、社会、政府等不同学习主体的眼前和长远学习需求与"学习利益",开展"21世纪学习文化创新工程"进行了初步的行动设计.