组织内部知识共享的进化博弈分析

文章利用有限理性条件下进化博弈理论的方法,研究组织成员知识共享中的稳定均衡问题。通过建立组织内部知识共享的进化博弈模型,分析了组织中人际关系的和谐度以及组织监督力度与知识共享稳定均衡之间的关系。分析表明,提高组织中人际关系的和谐度与对组织成员不共享行为的监督力度是促成组织向知识共享稳定均衡演化的关键。     

美国图书馆超联盟的形成机制--非零和合作博弈

文章论述了美国图书馆超联盟的形成机制及其潜在的驱动力量。     

Employ Game Teaching Method in the Primary School English Classroom

on the basis of linguistics, psychology and other related theory, we should carry out game teaching method to make students learn easily and happily because of the lack of interest and other problems i...     

面向新生的“微视频+代入式体验”信息素养教育研究

[目的/意义]基于建构主义学习理论，借鉴翻转课堂先进理念，以提高个人信息素养能力的初学者为主要教育研究对象，调研分析其个性特征、信息行为和教育方式偏好。[方法/过程]通过调研分析，总结教育方式与学生需求之间的矛盾成因，提出面向新生的"微视频+代入式体验"信息素养教育创新模式，着重分析模式特点、构建策略和实施方案，并提出可行性组织策略。[结果/结论]"微视频+代入式体验"信息素养教育新模式，综合运用微视频所特有的视觉冲击力，克服教师语言抽象化的不足，同时通过代入式情境体验，完成知识吸收内化、高层次思维认知，有效提升学生的信息素养综合能力。     

古德哈特定律的博弈分析

从博弈论的角度分析论证古德哈特定律的正确性,指出所谓稳定关系的失效不过是从一种均衡走向另一种均衡.这就给根据经济行为选择政策时提出了一个新的要求要考虑经济行为中不同主体的博弈行为,才会制定出行之有效的政策.     

大学生助学贷款的博弈分析

助学贷款本是一项利国利民的政策,但这项政策却遭受了空前的信用危机。文章通过对学生和银行的行为进行博弈分析,认为纯粹靠道德等内在诚信来约束学生的还贷是无用的,必须建立起一套完整的外在诚信约束机制。文章还设计了助学贷款的“三维”被迫诚信机制,以明确助学贷款中政府、银行、贫困生家庭和借款学生的权责和义务。     

幼儿园游戏活动形式特征及结构探析

幼儿园游戏活动形式各异,既相对独立又相互联系,体现出自由游戏自由度高、区域游戏选择性大、主题游戏综合性强;活动结构具有由低到高发展、活动层次具有逐级递进、活动内容具有交叉互补的鲜明特征;在此基础上,有目的、有意识地整合各种游戏活动,形成游戏形式自然地贯穿于幼儿一日活动的基本结构,实现游戏促进幼儿发展的整体功效。     

Development and validation of the Perceived Game-Specific Soccer Competence Scale

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to create a valid, self-reported, game-specific soccer competence scale. A structural model of perceived competence, performance measures and motivation was tested as the basis for the scale. A total of 1321 soccer players (261 females, 1060 males) ranging from 12 to 15 years (13.4 ± 1.0 years) participated in the study. They completed the Perceived Game-Specific Soccer Competence Scale (PGSSCS), self-assessments of tactical skills and motivation, as well as technical and speed and agility tests. Results of factor analyses, tests of internal consistency and correlations between PGSSCS subscales, performance measures and motivation supported the reliability and validity of the PGSSCS. The scale can be considered a suitable instrument to assess perceived game-specific competence among young soccer players.     

Timescales for exploratory tactical behaviour in football small-sided games

The aim of this study was to identify the dynamics of tactical behaviour emerging on different timescales in football small-sided games and to quantify short- and long-term exploratory behaviour according to the number of opponents. Two teams of four professional male footballers played small-sided games against two different teams with a variable number of opponents (3, 5 and 7). Data were collected using a combination of systematic observation and a non-differential global positioning system (15 Hz). The temporal diversity and structural flexibility of the players were determined by calculating the dynamic overlap order parameter q, entropy and trapping strength. Analysis of the exploratory dynamics revealed two different timescales, forming a different metastable landscape of action for each constraint. Fast dynamics lasted on average a few seconds and consisted of changes in tactical patterns. The long timescale corresponded to the shared tasks of offence and defence lasting tens of seconds. The players’ tactical diversity decreased with an increasing number of opponents, especially in defence. Manipulating numerical imbalance is likely to promote changes in the diversity, unpredictability and flexibility of tactical solutions. The fact that the temporally nested structure of constraints shaped the emergence of tactical behaviour provides a new rationale for practice task design. The manipulation of numerical imbalance on the timescale of a few tens of seconds, on which the exploratory behaviour of players saturates, may help coaches to optimise the exploratory efficiency of the small-sided games.     

Multivariate analyses of individual variation in soccer skill as a tool for talent identification and development: utilising evolutionary theory in sports science

The development of a comprehensive protocol for quantifying soccer-specific skill could markedly improve both talent identification and development. Surprisingly, most protocols for talent identification in soccer still focus on the more generic athletic attributes of team sports, such as speed, strength, agility and endurance, rather than on a player’s technical skills. We used a multivariate methodology borrowed from evolutionary analyses of adaptation to develop our quantitative assessment of individual soccer-specific skill. We tested the performance of 40 individual academy-level players in eight different soccer-specific tasks across an age range of 13–18 years old. We first quantified the repeatability of each skill performance then explored the effects of age on soccer-specific skill, correlations between each of the pairs of skill tasks independent of age, and finally developed an individual metric of overall skill performance that could be easily used by coaches. All of our measured traits were highly repeatable when assessed over a short period and we found that an individual’s overall skill – as well as their performance in their best task – was strongly positively correlated with age. Most importantly, our study established a simple but comprehensive methodology for assessing skill performance in soccer players, thus allowing coaches to rapidly assess the relative abilities of their players, identify promising youths and work on eliminating skill deficits in players.