Utilization of cues in action anticipation in table tennis players

ABSTRACT

By manipulating the congruency between body kinematics and subsequent ball trajectory, this study investigated the anticipation capabilities of regional-level, college-level, and novice table tennis players using a full video simulation occluder paradigm. Participants watched footage containing congruent, incongruent, or no ball trajectory information, to predict the landing point of the ball. They were required to choose between two potential locations to make their prediction. Percent accuracy and relevant indexes (d-prime, criterion, effect size) were calculated for each condition. Results indicated that experienced table tennis players (both regional and college players) were superior to novices in the ability to anticipate ball trajectory using kinematic information, but no difference was found between regional-level and college-level players. The findings of this study further demonstrate the superior anticipation ability of experienced table tennis players. Furthermore, the present result suggests that there may be a certain “baseline” level of motor experience in racquet sports for effective action anticipation, while the addition of further motor experience does not appear to assist direction anticipation.     

The relationship between the golf swing plane and ball impact characteristics using trajectory ellipse fitting

The trajectory of the clubhead close to ball impact during the golf swing has previously been shown to be planar. However, the relationship between the plane orientation and the orientation characteristics of the clubhead at ball impact has yet to be defined. Fifty-two male golfers (27 high skilled, 25 intermediate skilled) hit 40 drives each in an indoor biomechanics laboratory. This study successfully fitted the trajectory of the clubhead near impact to an ellipse for each swing for players of different skill levels to help better explain this relationship. Additionally, the eccentricities of the ellipses were investigated for links to skill level. The trajectory of the clubhead was found to fit to an ellipse with RMSE of 1.2 mm. The eccentricity of the ellipse was found to be greater in the high-skilled golfers. The club path and angle of attack generated from the ellipse fitted clubhead trajectory were found to have a normalised bias-corrected RMSE of 2% and 3%, respectively. A set of “rule of thumb” values for the relationship between the club path, angle of attack and delivery plane angle was generated for use by coaches.     

改进式旋风除尘器内部两相流的数值模拟研究

旋风除尘器是一种利用气固两相流体的旋转运动,使固体颗粒在离心力作用下从气流中分离出来的设备。当前,日益严重的能源危机和环保问题使得除尘器向低阻高效方向发展,而广泛应用的各种形式的旋风除尘器在实际运行过程当中,其性能指标还远不能满足要求,尤其是在对处理含尘量较低、颗粒粒径较小气体这一应用领域。基于两相流基本理论对旋风除尘器内部流场进行了深入的研究和分析,运用FLUENT模拟软件确定适合旋风除尘器的数值模拟方法。为了更好的适应工业实际需要,提出了一种新型的旋风除尘器结构,并就其流场和性能进行研究。结果表明,改进后的旋风除尘器除尘效率提升最高可达3.28%,压力损失最大减少40%以上。结果对于了解旋风除尘器的分离机理和内部流场的复杂运动规律,提高旋风除尘器的除尘效率,改善和优化旋风除尘器的结构具有重要意义。     

A review on the basketball jump shot

The ability to shoot an effective jump shot in the sport of basketball is critical to a player's success. In an attempt to better understand the aspects related to expert performance, researchers have investigated successful free throws and jump shots of various basketball players and identified movement variables that contribute to their success. The purpose of this study was to complete a systematic review of the scientific literature on the basketball free throw and jump shot for the purpose of revealing the critical components of shooting that coaches, teachers, and players should focus on when teaching, learning, practising, and performing a jump shot. The results of this review are presented in three sections: (a) variables that affect ball trajectory, (b) phases of the jump shot, and (c) additional variables that influence shooting.     

反应物转动激发对反应O(~3P)+HCl→OH+Cl反应的影响

基于Ramachandran B等人制作的3 A′′势能面[Ramachandran B et al 2003J.Chem.Phys.1199590],运用准经典轨线方法,计算了反应物不同振动激发态时,反应O(3P)+HCl(υ=0,1,2,j=0)→OH+Cl的P(θr),P(φr)与极化微分反应截面(2π/σ)(dσ00/dωt)、(2π/σ)(dσ22+/dωt).结果表明,反应物HCl振动激发对反应的k-j′两矢量相关和k-k′-j′三矢量相关分布都产生了较大影响.     

一种非完整移动机器人开环迭代学习控制研究

针对非完整移动机器人的轨迹重复跟踪问题,提出了一种开环P型迭代学习控制算法。首先给出非完整移动机器人的运动学模型,并结合离散时域对轨迹跟踪问题进行描述,然后设计迭代学习控制器并在给定条件下证明了其收敛性;MATLAB仿真结果表明,随着迭代次数的增加,该算法能够有效改善动态不确定环境中系统的稳定性与收敛的快速性。     

Natural Acceleration: Supporting Creative Trajectories

Natural acceleration happens through an internal fire that burns to learn and may transcend school boundaries. Based on their passionate interests and connections with a domain, children who hunger for domain understandings outside school curricula require different types of acceleration, motivated by these interests. The lifeworks, domains, and interests of two eminent Brazilian brothers, Walter and Roberto Burle Marx, represent different creative trajectories. Examining childhood experiences that helped them accomplish their endeavors finds major differences in their early education. Both boys reported that their real education was through pursuit of their passions wherein they hungered for expertise, not through school. Though acceleration in school subjects certainly benefits some students, careful observation and honoring of young children's passions allows natural acceleration steered by the student, rather than school personnel, which may lead to greater possibilities of attaining high levels of creativity.     

Comparing creative thinking abilities and reasoning ability of deaf and hearing children

This study focuses on comparing the creative thinking and reasoning abilities of deaf and hearing children. Two groups of deaf (N = 210) and hearing children (N = 200) were chosen based on specific criteria. Two instruments were used in the study: theTorrance Tests of Creative Thinking‐Figural, Form A and Matrix Analogous Test. Canonical Correlation analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the data. The canonical correlation analyses revealed one significant dimension in both deaf and hearing children. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that there are some similarities and differences between the deaf and hearing samples regarding creative thinking abilities.     

Components, systems and discontinuities: The case of magnetic recording and playback equipment

Using the history of magnetic recording and playback equipment, this paper explores the relationship between incremental improvements in components and technological discontinuities in systems. It finds that improvements in components have been the major source of all discontinuities in the industry. Focusing just on tape-based systems, all of the basic design approaches had been identified by the late 1950s and thus one of the largest technological challenges for firms has been to modify the design in response to improvements in the magnetic recording density of tape. This paper explores this phenomenon by analyzing data on equipment performance and price, and several design choices for the tape-based equipment. It shows how improvements in the magnetic recording density have changed the tradeoffs that exist between price and different dimensions of performance and between various design choices and thus led to about 10 technological discontinuities in magnetic tape system design.     

N（2D）＋H2→NH＋H反应的矢量相关研究

基于Ho等人的精确势能面,运用准经典轨线方法,对反应N（2D）＋H2（v=0,j=0）→NH＋H的矢量相关性质进行了理论研究。结果表明,k-k＇,两矢量相关的P（θr）分布仅在θr=90°附近存在极大峰值。且呈现轴对称分布;产物转动角动量矢量j’不仅沿y轴有取向效应,而且沿y轴正方向有定向效应。