关于幼儿概念形成与发展的探索及纷争

幼儿概念的形成与发展一直是心理学、哲学、人类学、认知科学等研究的焦点之一。在简要介绍著名认知心理学家麦德尔(Mandler)关于幼儿概念形成和发展的系统理论的基础上,文章呈现了当前认知心理学界围绕感知、概念和意识的关系、范畴化是单一过程还是双重过程,以及感知意义分析机制和意象图式等焦点问题,产生的各种探索与纷争,指出不同学科应加强沟通和协作,以深化和丰富人们关于概念起源的认识。     

汉语领属结构的参照点分析

笔者在前人研究的基础上,阐述了目前汉语领属结构分类的随意性,并通过参照点分析统一了领属结构的各种表现形式,对它们作了相应的映射图式分析.     

介词at—on—in的意象图式及空间隐喻意义

本文运用“意象图式”这一分析介词的有效认知工具,并结合认知语言学中的方位隐喻概念,对介词at、on、in进行分析,探究其初始意义向空间隐喻意义引中背后的认知动因。     

Emotional abuse as a predictor of early maladaptive schemas in adolescents: Contributions to the development of depressive and social anxiety symptoms

The schema therapy model posits that maltreatment generates early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) that lead to the development of emotional disorders throughout the life span. The model also stipulates that temperament moderates the influence of maltreatment on EMSs. This study examines (a) whether emotional abuse perpetrated by parents and peers, both alone and interactively with temperament, predicts the worsening of EMSs; and (b) whether EMSs in turn predict an increase in depressive and social anxiety symptoms in adolescents. A total of 1,052 adolescents (M_age = 13.43; SD = 1.29) were assessed at three time points, each of which was separated by 6 months. The subjects completed measures of emotional abuse by parents and peers, neuroticism, extraversion, EMSs, depressive symptoms, and social anxiety. The findings indicate that emotional bullying victimization and neuroticism predict a worsening of all schema domains over time. Contrary to expectations, there was no significant interaction between temperament dimensions and emotional abuse. The results confirmed the mediational hypothesis that changes in EMSs mediated the predictive association between bullying victimization and emotional symptoms. This study provides partial support for the schema therapy model by demonstrating the role of emotional abuse and temperament in the genesis of EMSs.     

Maladaptive schemas as mediators of the relationship between previous victimizations in the family and dating violence victimization in adolescents

This study examined whether exposure to family violence, both in the form of direct victimization and witnessing violence, predicted dating violence victimization in adolescents through maladaptive schemas. A sample of 933 adolescents (445 boys and 488 girls), aged between 13 and 18 (M = 15.10), participated in a three-year longitudinal study. They completed measures of exposure to family violence, maladaptive schemas of disconnection/rejection, and dating violence victimization. The findings indicate that witnessing family violence predicts the increase of dating violence victimization over time, through the mediation of maladaptive schemas in girls, but not in boys. Direct victimization in the family predicts dating violence victimization directly, without the mediation of schemas. In addition, maladaptive schemas contribute to the perpetuation of dating violence victimization over time. These findings provide new opportunities for preventive interventions, as maladaptive schemas can be modified.     

情态动词“肯”的认知阐述

情态动词肯在情态中处于中心地位,其语义扩展机制为隐喻和换喻;空间合成理论可用于对肯的在线理解。肯与现实体了、静态持续体着、起始体起来、经历体过和继续体下去连用时一般只能用于否定、疑问和条件句中。与肯连用的情态动词主要是认识情态。肯有积极性特征,一般只能选择正向义动词作主动词;负向义的动词一般不出现在肯的肯定式里,但可以出现在肯的否定式、疑问式或条件句里。     

Exploring revictimization process among Turkish women: The role of early maladaptive schemas on the link between child abuse and partner violence

The purpose of the current study is to explore the revictimization process between child abuse and neglect (CAN), and intimate partner violence (IPV) based on the schema theory perspective. For this aim, 222 married women recruited in four central cities of Turkey participated in the study. Results indicated that early negative CAN experiences increased the risk of being exposed to later IPV. Specifically, emotional abuse and sexual abuse in the childhood predicted the four subtypes of IPV, which are physical, psychological, and sexual violence, and injury, while physical abuse only associated with physical violence. To explore the mediational role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) on this association, first, five schema domains were tested via Parallel Multiple Mediation Model. Results indicated that only Disconnection/Rejection (D/R) schema domains mediated the association between CAN and IPV. Second, to determine the particular mediational roles of each schema, eighteen EMS were tested as mediators, and results showed that Emotional Deprivation Schema and Vulnerability to Harm or Illness Schema mediated the association between CAN and IPV. These findings provided an empirical support for the crucial roles of EMSs on the effect of revictimization process. Clinical implications were discussed.     

‘Well I don't feel that’: Schemas,worlds and authentic reading in the classroom

This article explores reading in the English classroom through a cognitive linguistic lens. In particular, we consider how students' ability to engage with a text, which we term authentic reading, can be facilitated or restricted. We draw on two case studies featuring Year 7 students working with the novel Holes (Sachar 2000), and the short story ‘The man who shouted Teresa' (Calvino 1996) respectively, and argue for the benefits of using cognitive linguistics as a tool for teachers and researchers to ‘think with’ when considering reading in the classroom.     

仿人智能控制算法的现状及趋势

自1979年周其鉴等人提出仿人智能控制器的原型算法以来,仿人智能控制已形成了较为完整的基本理论体系和较完善的设计方法,并且很多实际应用中获得了成功。文章详细论述了仿人智能控制算法数学模型的推导与建立以及当前的研究现状,并提出了其分后发展的趋势。     

Beginning and experienced secondary school teachers' self- and student schema in positive and problematic teacher–student relationships

The quality of teacher–student relationships is important for teachers' well-being in schools. In this interview study we investigated which cognitions comprise secondary school teachers' self- and student schema in positive and problematic teacher–student relationships. Frequency analyses of these cognitions showed that especially student schema differed in teachers' talk of positive and problematic relationships. When combining cognitions of the self- and student schema, a HOMALS analysis revealed two types of positive and two types of problematic relationships. Differences between novices and experienced teachers were apparent for positive relationships. These findings raise questions about teachers' attributions for the quality of teacher–student relationships.