基于言语行为理论的叙事研究

叙事本质上是一种复杂而特殊的言语行为系统。叙事行为包括真实世界的与虚拟世界的,即作者对读者实施的言语行为与作品中人物之间实施的言语行为。对应于言语行为三分法,叙事也可分为三个相对应的行为:(1)它通过口头或书面形式向读者、作品内人物的听者表达了一系列叙事命题,这可视为双重性言内行为;(2)它表达出了叙事人(包括作品内人物的言者)的深层交际意图,这可视为双重性言外行为;(3)它是作者和读者、作品内人物之间的双重性的双方互动过程,能够引起读者、作品内人物的听者的情感共鸣,这可视为双重性言后行为。叙事形式可分为对白、独白和旁白三种,每种形式的言语行为分析图式各不相同。作为一个系统,叙事是由一个个微观言语行为组成的行为序列,在序列中起统领性作用的微观言语行为决定了整个宏观言语行为的核心意图。运用言语行为理论对叙事进行分析,有助于加强对作品语言和人物形象的理解,同时对语言教学也有着一定的指导意义。     

A study of the Greek school teachers' moral judgment structures

The purpose of the present paper is to examine the teachers' cognitive structures through moral judgment schemas, as well as whether the above‐mentioned structures diversify among teachers, depending on education level, specialty, age, teaching experience, and gender. Moreover, another aim is to examine whether these cognitive structures can predict students' behaviors. Two hundred and fifty eight in‐service teachers (men, n = 83; women, n = 175; M _age = 41.24, SD = 8.06; M _experiences = 14.91, SD = 9.46), in elementary (n = 96), and intermediate education level (n = 158), participated in the study. The results revealed that the primary education teachers' moral judgment is based on the moral concepts of the maintaining norms schema, while the one of those of secondary education is rather based on the postconventional schema. Furthermore, the results of the present study revealed that age, experience, and gender do not constitute causes of diversification of moral concepts and that the personal interest schema can forecast any irresponsible behaviors on the part of the students.     

Culture and cognition in information technology education

This paper aims at explaining the outcomes of information technology education for international students using anthropological theories of cultural schemas. Even though computer science and engineering are usually assumed to be culture-independent, the practice in classrooms seems to indicate that learning patterns depend on culture. The situation in a college in Finland is evaluated based on study records, surveys on learning experiences, learning logs by students and classroom observations. Reasons for the educational outcome are discussed theoretically using cultural anthropology and the socio-cultural theory of learning. The universality of Western scientific thinking is questioned, and a need to recognise different cultural schemas in the thinking of international students is acknowledged. The study concludes that a view of human cognition as social and embodied gives new insights to information technology education when there is a great diversity of student backgrounds and their culturally produced mental schemas.     

注重Html型帮助制作的规范化及主题大纲的作用

高效地制作适用的Html型帮助，需要制作者掌握帮助的制作原则和规范制作过程．主题大纲的设计是帮助制作的核心，其它步骤以主题大纲为依据，在制作过程中要充分利用模板，从而能快速地制作出风格统一的帮助页面，     

Online Assessment of Applied Anatomy Knowledge: The Effect of Images on Medical Students' Performance

Anatomical examinations have been designed to assess topographical and/or applied knowledge of anatomy with or without the inclusion of visual resources such as cadaveric specimens or images, radiological images, and/or clinical photographs. Multimedia learning theories have advanced the understanding of how words and images are processed during learning. However, the evidence of the impact of including anatomical and radiological images within written assessments is sparse. This study investigates the impact of including images within clinically oriented single-best-answer questions on students' scores in a tailored online tool. Second-year medical students (n = 174) from six schools in the United Kingdom participated voluntarily in the examination, and 55 students provided free-text comments which were thematically analyzed. All questions were categorized as to whether their stimulus format was purely textual or included an associated image. The type (anatomical and radiological image) and deep structure of images (question referring to a bone or soft tissue on the image) were taken into consideration. Students scored significantly better on questions with images compared to questions without images (P < 0.001), and on questions referring to bones than to soft tissue (P < 0.001), but no difference was found in their performance on anatomical and radiological image questions. The coding highlighted areas of “test applicability” and “challenges faced by the students.” In conclusion, images are critical in medical practice for investigating a patient's anatomy, and this study sets out a way to understand the effects of images on students' performance and their views in commonly employed written assessments.     

意象图式与幼儿空间认知英语教学

幼儿的认知规律总是从感性认识到理性认识,从具体思维到抽象思维。意象图式理论恰好契合了儿童的认知规律,它主张从形象直观的图式出发,把空间图式映射到抽象的认知域,形成隐喻投射,从而认识抽象的概念。将这一理论运用到幼儿英语教学中,有助于克服空间认知这一幼儿英语教学难点,让幼儿轻松愉快地掌握英语方位词汇。     

人类情绪生物性与社会性的整合探析

从情绪的种族进化、人类情绪的生理机制和基本情绪来说明情绪的生物性,并从人类特有的复合情绪和自我意识情绪以及文化基因的存在对情绪的社会性进行了阐述.经过进化,人类具有特殊的情绪生理机制,情绪社会性通过文化基因而运转,情绪图式整合了人类情绪的生物性和社会性.情绪是生物性和社会性因素的交织,是先天与后天影响结合的复合心理组织...     

基于语料库的on的空间隐喻意义

从认知语言学的角度分析英语介词on的原型空间义项,同时通过英国国家语料库检索分析,得出on的原型空间概念所拓展的隐喻意义的目标域种类以及分布情况,并对其向其他域映射而产生的隐喻意义进行分析,试图揭示空间隐喻的映射过程和规则。