河北省青少年超重与肥胖人群膳食特点研究

采用问卷调查法和文献资料法,对河北省石家庄、沧州、承德、张家口四个地区的385名超重与肥胖中学生和219名正常体重中学生进行了调查研究,旨在分析总结出超重与肥胖青少年的膳食特点,探讨导致肥胖的饮食因素,为其控体重、减体重提供科学的理论依据。     

一次性运动对肥胖大鼠脂肪水解调节因素的影响

研究一次性运动对肥胖大鼠脂肪组织HSL、perilipin蛋白含量及脂肪水解的影响。方法:116只3周龄SD雄性大鼠,110只给予10周高脂饲料,建立高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠模型。随机分为:安静对照组,运动后即刻、1、31、2和24 h组。用化学法测试血清FFA和甘油、脂肪组织HSL活性;用Western Blotting法测试HSL和perilipin蛋白表达。结果:与对照组相比,运动后FFA和甘油、HSL活性和含量出现不同程度升高;而perilipin含量除即刻组出现显著升高外,其它各组均显著降低。结论:一次性运动导致肥胖大鼠运动后脂解增加,可能与其脂肪组织HSL活性、HSL蛋白含量上调及perilipin蛋白含量下调有关。     

耐力训练及限制饮食对单纯性肥胖大鼠脂肪合成的影响

为探讨运动及限制饮食对单纯性肥胖大鼠脂合成的影响,将大鼠随机分为四组:正常饮食对照组(ND),高脂饮食非运动组(HN),高脂饮食运动组(HE)和限制高脂饮食运动组(LE)。造肥胖模型后对HE和LE组实行游泳耐力训练,期间LE组进行限制性高脂饮食。10周后,测定其体重、体长、脂肪垫重量,并测定其肝组织乙酰CoA羧化酶(ACC)基因表达、甘油三酯、血胰岛素及极低密度脂蛋白水平。游泳训练后,HE和LE组ACC基因表达比HN组分别下降19.6%和36.3%,大鼠体重及体脂百分比也显著下降;LE组甘油三酯、血胰岛素和极低密度脂蛋白水平显著降低。且LE组甘油三酯含量比HE组显著下降。耐力训练降低了大鼠脂类的合成,结合限制饮食使这种趋势更明显,减肥效果更好。     

EONPS减肥工程对单纯性超重与肥胖女学生形态、机能及生化实验的研究

探讨健康有效的减肥工程促进模式和对单纯性超重与肥胖女学生身体形态、机能及生化指标与肥胖程度的关系,为早期预防提供了理论依据。研究对象分为实验组和对照组,采用目前我国通用的肥胖标准和腰围新标准,进行为期一年的干预实验。结果显示,实验组各项指标与实验前及对照组比较均具有显著性差异P<0.05,BMI的变化与机能和生化指标明显相关。结论:通过减肥工程的干预,单纯性超重与肥胖女学生的血压、血脂水平得到了调节,并且改变了各项指标相互间的动态平衡,为我国单纯性超重与肥胖青少年健康减肥提供了新的理论与方法。     

河北省中年超重与肥胖人群活动现状调查与分析

为了提高河北省中年人群的生活质量,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法,对河北省部分中年超重与肥胖人群活动现状进行调查。发现河北省部分中年超重与肥胖人群日常活动量较小,静坐时间长,锻炼项目单一,体育锻炼次数少、时间短,缺乏锻炼意识。建议其调整运动习惯,减少静态式的生活方式。     

山东省幼儿单纯性肥胖发生率及影响因素的研究

目的：探讨学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖状况及主要影响因素,为制定预防学龄前儿童肥胖提供科学依据。方法：应用WHO推荐的身高标准体重法：〉120％作为判断标准,随机抽取山东省17地市3～6岁幼儿进行调查分析。结果：山东省学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖检出率为7．5％。男幼儿的检出率高于女幼儿,城市幼儿高于农村幼儿,且差异均有显著性意义。同时在统计中发现,幼儿肥胖发生率有随年龄的增长而增加的趋势。结论：高出生体重、遗传、缺少运动等是引起学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的主要原因,预防儿童肥胖重点要放在3～6岁的幼儿期。     

β3肾上腺素受体的基因多态性与肥胖的关系及运动的影响

β3肾上腺素能受体在脂肪代谢中起着非常重要的作用。β3-AIR基因第64位密码子变异导致色氨酸被精氨酸取代,该变异与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及2型糖尿病发病提早密切相关。相关研究表明,β3-AR基因Trp64Arg变异可能会干扰肥胖者的运动疗法。提示为肥胖患者制定运动处方时应考虑该变异的影响。     

饮食脂肪含量和耐力运动对肥胖鼠胰岛素受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶的影响

研究利用２０％猪油的高脂饲料诱发大鼠肥胖模型,对胰岛素在肥胖发生中的作用,及胰岛素受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性的变化进行研究,产探讨耐力运动的减体脂机制,及饮食脂肪含 量对胰岛素酶活性的影响,得出以下结论：１．高脂饲料诱发肥胖鼠存在高胰岛素血症,胰岛素敏感性下降,及胰岛素抵抗,其肝细胞膜、脂肪细胞膜、肌细胞膜胰岛素受体结合容量下降,同时,肝细胞膜与肌细胞膜胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶活性（受体激酶自动磷酯化）也     

Impact of age on host responses to diet-induced obesity:Development of joint damage and metabolic set points

Background:Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability worldwide,and a large percentage of patients with osteoarthritis are individuals who are also obese.In recent years,a series of animal models have demonstrated that obesity-inducing diets can result in synovial joint damage(both with and without the superimposition of trauma),which may be related to changes in percentage of body fat and a series of low-level systemic inflammatory mediators.Of note,there is a disparity between whether the dietary challenges commence at weaning,representing a weanling onset,or at skeletal maturity,representing an adult onset of obesity.We wished to evaluate the effect ofthe dietary exposure time and the age at which animals are exposed to a high-fat and high-sucrose(HFS) diet to determine whether these factors may result in disparate outcomes,as there is evidence suggesting that these factors result in differential metabolic disturbances.Based on dietary exposure time,we hypothesized that rats fed an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) would demonstrate an increase in knee joint damage scores,whereas rats exposed to the HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult) and rats exposed to a standard chow diet(Chow)would not display an increase in knee joint damage scores.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) or an HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult).At sacrifice,joints were scored using the modified Mankin Criteria,and serum was analyzed for a defined subset of inflammatory markers(Interleukin-6,leptin,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and tumor necrosis factorα).Results:When the HFS Weanling and HFS Adult groups were compared,both groups had a similar percent of body fat,although the HFS Weanling group had a significantly greater body mass than the HFS Adult group.The HFS Weanling and HFS Adult animals had a significant increase in body mass and percentage of body fat when compared to the Chow group.Although knee joint damage scores were low in all 3 groups,we found,contrary to our hypothesis,that the HFS Adult group had statistically significant greater knee joint damage scores than the Chow and HFS Weanling groups.Furthermore,we observed that the HFS Weanling group did not have significant differences in knee joint damage scores relative to the Chow group.Conclusion:These findings indicate that the HFS Weanling animals were better able to cope with the dietary challenge of an HFS diet than the HFS Adult group.Interestingly,when assessing various serum proinflammatory markers,no significant differences were detected between the HTS Adult and HFS Weanling groups.Although details regarding the mechanisms underlying an increase in knee joint damage scores in the HFS Adult group remain to be elucidated,these findings indicate that dietary exposure time maybe less important than the age at which an HFS diet is introduced.Moreover,increases in serum proinflammatory mediators do not appear to be directly linked to knee joint damage scores in the HFS Weanling group animals but may be partially responsible for the observed knee joint damage in the adults over the very short time of exposure to the HFS diet.     

Can sit-to-stand muscle power explain the ability to perform functional tasks in adults with severe obesity?

This study examined the relationship between sit-to-stand (STS) power and physical function in adults with severe obesity. Thirty-eight adults (age: 44 ± 12 years; body mass index [BMI]: 45.2 ± 7.8 kg/m²) completed evaluations of STS power, strength and functional performance. STS power was measured with a wearable inertial sensor, strength was assessed with the isometric mid-thigh pull, and function was measured with the timed up-and-go (TUG), six-minute walk test (6MWT) and 30-s chair STS. Power and strength (normalised to body mass) entered regression models in addition to age, gender, BMI and physical activity (daily step count). Power displayed large univariate associations with TUG (r = 0.50) and 30-s chair STS (r = 0.67), and a moderate association with 6MWT (r = 0.49). Forward stepwise regression revealed that power independently contributed to TUG (β = ?0.40, p = 0.010), 30-s chair STS (β = 0.67, p < 0.001) and 6MWT performance (β = 0.27, p = 0.007). Power also appeared to be a superior determinant of function compared with strength. Power generated via the STS transfer largely underpins the ability to perform functional tasks in adults with severe obesity, although intervention studies are required to investigate a potentially causal relationship.