肥胖症患者运动步态对下肢骨骼的承压性实验分析

目的:研究肥胖症患者运动步态对下肢骨骼承压性的影响。方法:将美国生产的Fastec Imaging高速摄像机置于人体行走的正侧面,受试者以正常行走的步速沿既定路线行走,随机拍摄,采用艾里尔配套的解析软件对拍摄的图像进行处理,通过比利时RSscan公司生产的压力分布测试系统Footscaninsole对受试者下肢骨骼承压型进行测试。结果:步宽肥胖组显著高于对照组,肥胖组的步长低于对照组,但无统计学意义。肥胖组相对步长显著高于对照组。双支撑时期,肥胖组显著大于对照组。单支撑时期肥胖组显著小于对照组。其余时间参数指标虽然在一定程度上有所变化,但无统计学意义。足跟着地时,肥胖组踝关节角度非常显著大于对照组。肥胖组髋关节角度显著大于对照组。在单支撑时相中,髋关节、膝关节、踝关节角度肥胖组与对照组相比有一定的改变,但无显著性意义。当足趾离地时,肥胖组在膝关节、踝关节处与对照组无显著性差异,在骸关节处的屈曲角度非常显著大于对照组。运动步态下肥胖组右下肢的腓骨、足骨平均峰力值显著高于对照组;肥胖组右下肢髌骨所受冲量显著高于对照组;肥胖组胫骨、足骨所受冲量非常显著大于对照组;其它区域肥胖组虽均高于对照组,但无统计学意义。结论:肥胖症患者运动步态下下肢骨骼所需承压性大于体重正常者。     

Abdominal Obesity Associated with Elevated Serum Butyrylcholinesterase Activity,Insulin Resistance and Reduced High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels

Abdominal obesity (AO) has a strong correlation with cardiovascular disease and has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes. We investigated the association between AO and elevated serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, insulin resistance and the serum lipid profile, including triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in AO and non-AO women subjects. A total of 500 AO subjects (age 49.1 ± 10.5 years), and 142 non-AO women subjects (age 49.9 ± 11.9 years) were enrolled for the general biochemistry tests, serum BChE, fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Body mass index, waist circumference, Blood pressure (BP), plasma glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), BChE, insulin, HOMA-IR were significantly higher and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in AO subjects (p < 0.05). Waist circumference was significantly correlated with BP, Glu, TG, BChE, insulin and HOMA-IR in AO subjects. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that AO was associated with elevated BChE, HOMA-IR, hypertension and reduced HDL-C after adjusting for these variables. AO is associated with elevated BChE, insulin resistance, HT and reduced HDL-C. These may predict the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and may be associated with cognitive disorder in the future, both are mediated through insulin resistance.     

我国城市社区居民超重与肥胖体质改善的策略

过去10年,我国城市社区居民增长的体重几乎等同于西方人在过去30年增长的体重,超重与肥胖可谓人体的定时炸弹,是看得见的人体健康第一杀手,改善社区居民超重与肥胖体质,应成为新常态下各级政府和相关部门的工作重点,这对提高国民体质、促进国民经济的增长具有重要的作用。分析我国城市社区居民体重质量状况与超重、肥胖的成因及危害,提出全面提高社区居民对健康的认识水平、构建科学的基层公共体育服务体系、加强社区体育指导员的培训和管理、建立科学减肥运动处方等改善城市社区居民超重与肥胖体质状况的策略。     

CRP,but not TNF-α or IL-6, decreases after weight loss in patients with morbid obesity exposed to intensive weight reduction and balneological treatment

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the degree of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with morbid obesity exposed to a three-week low-calorie diet and balneotherapy.

Methods

The study included 33 patients (25 females and 8 males; mean age 46 years) with body mass index (BMI) values of >40 kg/m². Evaluations of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose were carried out before (baseline data) and three weeks after the treatment. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers (15 females and 5 males) with a mean age of 39 years and BMI values of ≤24.9 kg/m².

Results

In the blood of patients with morbid obesity we found significantly elevated levels of CRP, TNF-α, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and fasting glucose, but a decreased level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, compared with the healthy individuals. The treatment resulted in about a 9.4% reduction in body weight from 122.5 to 111.0 kg and a significant decrease in the concentration of CRP, but no change in TNF-α or IL-6. HOMA-IR was significantly reduced.

Conclusion

The decrease in CRP level without changes in TNF-α or IL-6 concentrations after the low-calorie diet and balneological treatment, suggests that an essential amount of adipose tissue must be removed before proper adipocyte function is restored. The decrease in HOMA-IR indicates an improvement in insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial in obese patients.

     

体重控制中体育锻炼的作用

当代社会,有很大比例的人面临着同样的健康问题--超重和肥胖。超重和肥胖症受到很多因素的影响,其中最重要的是机体能量的摄入大于能量消耗。健康的体育锻炼是一种可以持续地预防肥胖、控制体重的手段。通过运动的热效应,机体消耗大量过剩的能量,不但能抑制脂肪生成达到控体重的目的,还能燃烧多余的脂肪而使体重下降。实践证明,科学的有氧体育锻炼和健康的饮食相结合,能达到降体重的最佳效果。科学的有氧运动是指经过专业人员个性化测量后设计的运动处方,这些运动强度低、时间长,也能预防运动伤病。除些之外,运动还能提高人们的体质。     

Childhood psychological maltreatment subtypes and adolescent depressive symptoms

The aim of this study was to understand how subtypes and the timing of psychological maltreatment contribute to adolescent depressive symptoms at age 14. The sample included 638 youth from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). At age 12, youth reported experiences of psychological maltreatment (degradation, isolating, and terrorizing), physical abuse (endangerment and physical injury), and sexual abuse that occurred before and during elementary school/last year. Multivariable regression models were conducted separately for females and males at each of the two time periods and accounted for demographics, primary caregiver depressive symptoms, other maltreatment subtypes, and youth-reported age 12 depressive symptoms. For girls, caregiver degradation was the only maltreatment subtype that contributed unique variance to depressive symptoms. Degradation before elementary school and chronic degradation had a stronger impact on depression symptoms. Only caregiver isolating behaviors during elementary school/last year and chronic isolation predicted depressive symptoms in boys. These results suggest that childhood psychological maltreatment is multi-dimensional and is implicated in the etiology of adolescent depressive symptoms. Future prevention efforts should consider parental psychological maltreatment in reducing risk for adolescent depression.     

Structure-Based Anti-Inl ammatory Drug Discovery: Design,Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of VSP-22 as a New,Safe and Highly Potent GR Agonist

<正>The glucocorticoid receptor(GR),also known as NR3C1(nuclear receptor subfamily 3,group C,member 1)is the receptor to which cortisol and other glucocorticoids bind.Many studies have also showed that it is the target protein for the well-known glucocorticoid class of anti-infl ammatory drugs such as prednisone,dexamethasone(DEX)and budesonide,which have proven successful for the effi cient treatment of infl ammation and autoimmune diseases such as asthma,arthritis,lupus,and Crohn’s disease.However,despite their excellent potencies in treating the above-mentioned diseases,these glucocorticoid drugs as GR agonists possess many severe side effects including diabetes,hypertension,obesity,and osteoporosis.Undoubtedly,there     

大强度间歇游泳运动对青年肥胖女性减肥效果的研究

目的:探讨大强度间歇游泳运动对青年肥胖女性减肥的效果。方法:20名自愿参加青年肥胖女性随机分为对照组和实验组各10名,实验组进行12周4次/周大强度间歇游泳运动,运动方案为以85%VO2max强度完成200m游、再以55%VO2max强度完成100m游、间歇休息3min为一组,重复6组;在运动计划实施前和12周结束时采用ZEUS9.9身体成分分析仪测定受试者身体成分。结果:与对照组或运动前比较,实验组青年肥胖女性的体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、WHR、体脂%、身体脂肪、内脏脂肪和皮下脂肪均出现极显著性或显著性减少(P0.01,P0.05),而肌肉量和蛋白质量则出现显著性增加(p0.05)。结论:大强度间歇游泳运动对青年肥胖女性有明显的减肥效果。     

对体育专业女生单纯性肥胖减肥运动处方的个案研究

采用个案研究的形式,针对体育系女生这一特定人群,制定具有针对性的科学运动处方;运动Excel软件对实验数据进行处理,对实验前后数据进行比较得出结论。实验结果显示,此运动处方在实施8周后,受试对象的身体形态,生理机能,身体成分和生活习惯均有不同程度改善,可为其他体育院系女生减肥时提供参考依据。     

苏州第十中学肥胖学生运动情况及生活习惯的探究

肥胖是现在社会的一个非常突出和严重的健康问题。本文以江苏省苏州第十中学肥胖学生运动情况及生活习惯为研究对象,运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理分析方法,对苏州第十中学肥胖学生和不肥胖学生的运动情况及生活习惯进行分析,并对苏州第十中学肥胖学生的基本情况进行定位,分析出肥胖学生和不肥胖学生在运动情况及生活习惯上的差距,为肥胖学生提高身体素质和健康程度。