Students' Implicit Theories of Ability in Physical Education Classes: The Influence of Motivational Aspects of the Learning Environment

This study examined the influence of the perceived situational climate on students' implicit theories of ability in physical education (PE) classes. The empirical data stem from a questionnaire survey of ninth grade students conducted in the county of Buskerud in Norway. Canonical correlation, multiple regression and one-way MANOVA analyses revealed a consistent pattern of relationships between the motivational climate in PE as perceived by the students and their implicit theories of ability. A learning environment that is perceived to emphasise competition and social comparison and to raise concern about one's ability seems to induce fixed implicit theories of ability. By contrast, a climate in which effort, progress and teacher support of all students is seen as prevailing seems to generate a theory of ability as expandable and learning induced. Results were interpreted as providing evidence for the importance of a mastery-oriented climate in PE in terms of fostering optimism for learning in school physical education. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

一株樟树内生生防细菌的分离

以70％乙醇和1％的次氯酸钠溶液为消毒剂，经过严格的表面消毒，从香樟树的枝、叶和周皮等组织中分离到内生菌21株，其中，真菌11株，细菌10株．分别以樟疫霉、玉米青枯病菌、玉米大斑病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌、魔芋白绢病菌等9种植物病原真菌为指示菌，筛选到一株对植物病原真菌具有稳定拮抗活性的内生细菌．     

略论江泽民的“三农”思想

江泽民通过总结新中国成立以来的经验教训,结合新时期出现的新问题,提出了一系列解决“三农”问题的新思想。主要内容包括:(1)农业在我国经济社会发展中具有基础地位和战略作用,要坚定不移地把农业放在国民经济的首位;(2)解决“三农”问题必须坚持党的领导、统筹城乡发展、尊重农民的首创精神和调动农民的积极性;(3)大力实施科教兴农,按照建立社会主义市场经济体制的方向深化农村改革,切实增加农民收入,减轻农民负担。     

场论中高阶微商规范系统的量子对称性质

基于高阶微商规范系统Green函数的生成泛函，导出了该系统在量子水平下的变换性质方程，给出了系统存在量子守恒律的条件和守恒量的表达式．用于高阶微商非Abel Chem—Simons理论，求出了系统的量子BRST守恒荷和其他守恒荷；讨论共形变换下量子水平的变换性质，导出了系统的量子守恒角动量，指出该系统在量子理论中仍可保持分数自旋性质，但经典对称性和守恒律的联系在量子水平不一定再保持．     

决策技术的传播理论分析

如何提高决策效率,降低决策成本,使政府决策符合科学程序,是政府决策的重要问题。文章分析了决策成本、渠道及程序问题,并使用纽科姆传播模式来解释并试图解决这个问题。用传播理论来研究决策问题虽然还不成熟,但对公共政策这门新兴学科有一定的适用性。     

以自我为中心,以闲适为格调——林语堂与中国散文现代性理论

中国散文理论的现代性，在某种意义上就是中国文化现代性的必要延伸。中国现代散文理论，在晚清“文界革命”的铺垫下，于五四文学革命运动中，推导出自身的现代性构想。在“人的文学”观念主导下，以“人性的”、“个人的”、“个体的人”为价值设定的主体性因此成为现代性的理论基质。散文现代性理论主要倡导者的林语堂，进一步将散文现代性理论的基本设定明确为：“以自我为中心，以闲适为格调”的出发点——使“闲适”在主体性理论所坚执的文学独立自由精神辐辏下，成为散文美学追求，其意正在避免散文在文化启蒙运动中弘扬的文化批判性沦为实用性和工具性。     

宗教翻译与中西翻译理论

中西译学理论起源于宗教翻译，佛经翻译和圣经翻译实践分别为中西译学理论提供了理论思想，是其演进、发展的原动力。然而，由于佛经翻译和圣经翻译具有一些根本性的差异，从而使中西译论具有截然不同的特征。中西译论因此有了不同的发展轨迹。     

论教学智慧及其养成

教学实践需要教学理论，更需要教学智慧，教学智慧不同于教学理论，既不可学习又不可传授；它又不像教学技能虽不能通过理论学习，却可以通过有意识的系统训练来形成，只有把教学理论的学习与教学实践的反思有结合起来，才有可能不断趋向教学智慧的境界，所以，教学智慧非曲外铄，只能由自身提高自身，通过提高教学智慧才能体味教育实践活动的幸福，这便是教师应有的生活。     

社会性别概念与知识女性成才环境

人的性别意识和性别行为不是生来就有的,而是家庭环境和社会文化制约中形成的.本文将知识女性成长环境置于社会性别概念范畴之中,分析性别概念对知识女性成才所造成的影响.社会性别分析是锐利的批判武器,从理论上解构两性关系不平等的根源.社会性别问题的传统思维必须得到改变,知识女性的自信度和自身价值必须得到提高、欣赏和认同,才能取得与男性平等的权利和地位.     

The 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Teachers

Within the past decade, the achievement goal approach has begun to be used to study teacher achievement motivation. In recent research with students, a 3 × 2 model of achievement goals has been proffered that separates mastery-based goals in terms of a task/self distinction. The purpose of the present study was to extend this 3 × 2 model to teachers in order to provide important insights into teachers’ individual differences. We devised items for the questionnaire and showed that data obtained with the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Teachers fit the 3 × 2 model (in absolute terms and relative to 10 alternative models) and that each goal of the model exhibited good internal consistency. In addition, we linked the 3 × 2 goals to other key constructs relevant to achievement goals, namely, implicit theories of ability, instructional practices and intrinsic interest.