《英语语法化的演变途径》评介

文章介绍和简评了约翰本杰明公司出版的《英语语法化的演变途径》,向读者展示了部分英语语法结构的历时演化过程,并介绍了脱语法化和象似性的作用等语法化研究中的热点问题。     

罗布人传统生计方式及其变迁

在地域、环境、文化、技术等多种因素的作用下,罗布人传统社会形成了以渔猎为主的生计方式,同时罗布人还尽量采取其他生计方式以弥补食物的不足。改革开放后,随着新的农业技术的引进和国家社会经济结构的变革,罗布人的生计方式也在不断改变。     

从化学发展史看化学学科发展观的沿革

文章以化学发展史为背景,讨论了化学学科发展观的沿袭与变革,提出了适应现代化学发展的新学科发展观———泛化学学科发展观,并探讨了泛化学学科发展观的内涵和外延及其与传统学科发展观的关系。     

植酸保鲜剂对月季切花O_2~-产生速率和还原糖含量的影响

本文研究了浓度分别为0.13%与0.013%的植酸保鲜液对一种名为＂Shasha 90#＂的红色月季的保鲜效果,同时以蒸馏水为对照,每批次处理重复三次。通过测定切花的瓶插寿命,超氧阴离子自由基（O2-）产生速率、还原糖含量等生理指标来判断植酸保鲜液对月季切花的影响。结果表明,0.13%与0.013%的植酸保鲜液均能够延长月季切花的瓶插寿命,降低超氧阴离子自由基（O2-）的产生速率,减少还原糖的损失。而浓度为0.13%的植酸保鲜液比0.013%的效果要好。     

旅游影响下的社区生物资源利用方式演变研究——以香格里拉县洛茸村为例

旅游对社区生计结构的影响,已经逐渐受到学者们的关注,但缺乏对于旅游影响在社区生计方式演变中的所起的作用及影响程度的深入研究。对普达措国家公园内洛茸村的调查发现,当地社区长期受藏传佛教文化的影响,并由此形成了一套具有地方特色的生物资源管理和利用机制。旅游发展为当地社区带来了新的机遇,但也引起社区居民生态价值观的变化和生物资源利用方式的变迁。地方政策变化、经济利益支配、外来文化冲击、社会结构的层序变化等诸多因素在这一变迁过程中都起着重要作用。     

New Vision and Challenges in Inquiry-Based Curriculum Change in Singapore

A new primary science syllabus with strong inquiry focus has been implemented in Singapore since 2008. In this study, we attempted to understand how teachers experience the emphasis of inquiry-based curriculum under the current educational conditions that is routined and highly teacher fronted. We invited 50 pre-service and 41 in-service teachers to participate in survey questionnaires and narratives, reflective writings, and group discussions related to science inquiry which formed our data corpus. Data analysis in the form of thematic coding was carried out using NVivo8, with over 80% inter-rater coding agreement level. Three key aspects of teachers’ perceptions of science inquiry were revealed: (1) teachers’ responsibilities as facilitators, (2) privileging content knowledge rather than process skills, and (3) pressure of assessment systems in current educational contexts. These understandings bring out conflicts of inquiry teaching between teacher- and student-centredness, content and process, and curriculum and assessment. Based on these teachers’ perceptions and dilemmas of inquiry science teaching, the visions and challenges of inquiry science curriculum change against assessment requirements are discussed.     

Measured lives: the rise of assessment as the engine of change in English schools

The year 2000 marks the end of compulsory education for the first cohort of students to experience the National Curriculum throughout their school careers. This article describes their experience of assessment and compares it with the testing regime that those children who start school in 2000 are likely to experience. Changes in policy from the early Task Group on Assessment and Testing proposals are analysed, especially the increasing priority given to the use of assessment for monitoring and evaluating the performance of teachers, schools and local education authorities. This shift is interpreted in terms of underlying assumptions about effective strategies for change. While Conservative and Labour governments have pursued somewhat different goals, they have used a similar change strategy. This explains why the general thrust of policy has continued in a broadly similar direction - towards ever more testing in schools and the use of results as performance indicators. It is argued, however, that this strategy cannot be pursued indefinitely. After a point, further improvements will only be made if teachers are helped to work ‘smarter’, not just harder. Policy-makers need, therefore, to look again at the contribution that formative assessment - or assessment for learning as part of pedagogy - can make to lifelong learning, in a more coherent, balanced and ‘educational’ system.     

The Story of Two Big Chimneys: A Frame Analysis of Climate Change in US and Chinese Newspapers

Despite mounting research on how the news media portrayed climate change in developed countries, disproportionately little attention was paid to one of the top greenhouse gas emitters in the world—China. This study systematically examined and compared how the US and Chinese newspapers portrayed climate change. An analytical framework, grounded in framing research traditions, took into account both theoretical and practical challenges in frame analysis by creating a hybrid structure of interlocked generic and issue-specific frames. The results showed both convergent and divergent pictures from the two countries’ newspapers shaped distinctly by the sociopolitical realities in both countries. The research also cautioned against making simplistic explanations of the results and offered culturally informed interpretations. A discussion on better research focus and design was offered for future research in this avenue.     

图书馆业态的变化与发展趋势

图书馆业态是指图书馆事业为满足不同读者需求而进行相应要素组合所形成的运行形态。目前,信息资源正由模拟形态进入数字形态、文献结构由线性到多维、读者更多地依赖网络获取信息、书刊涨价、其他信息行业的竞争等因素,正在促进图书馆业态的变化。这种变化的趋势主要表现在图书馆日益嵌入社会、逐渐成为读者中心,实现数字化获取、资源整合、馆际联盟、权威服务,以及回归其教育和文化价值。参考文献63。     

Problems of secondary education in rural Iran: An anthropological view1

Statistics on implementing secondary education in rural Iran indicate that such a process has not been successful. Data gathered by the author during 1974/75 fieldwork support such a conclusion. It is suggested that lack of success of secondary education in rural Iran may be attributed to some cultural and economic factors which vary for men and women. The importance of the modesty code and observation of purdah (seclusio?) may account for the low enrollment of females in secondary education in rural areas. However, the need for agricultural laborers in the villages may account for the low attendance of males. Background to the development of modern education is presented.