A Stages of Change Approach to Second Language Learning and Intercultural Willingness to Communicate

This study of 207 Midwest college students applied McConnaughy, Prochaska, and Velicer's stage model to perceived value of second language learning (PVL2), and Kassing's intercultural willingness to communicate (IWTC). The stages of change factor structure (precontemplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance) explained 14% of the variance in IWTC. Of the four stages, action and maintenance explained 11%, and 3% of the variance, respectively. In addition, stages of change explained 15% of the variance in PVL2. Only precontemplation produced significant variation. Paired comparisons among eight languages revealed that Spanish was the language rated most valuable to learn.     

Ritual and Social Change: Chinese Rural–Urban Migrant Workers’ Spring Festival Homecoming as Secular Pilgrimage

Drawing upon Clifford Geertz’s interpretive approach to ritual, this study examines the meaning of the annual Spring Festival homecoming performed by rural-to-urban migrant workers in China. Built on participant observation of the ritual and in-depth interviews with 25 migrant workers, I suggest that the homecoming is a secular pilgrimage, the meaning of which emerges around travelers’ communication about suffering on the journey and the pursuit of an ideal “home” through communal traveling. This ritual exemplifies symbolic forms of communication used to cope with and make sense of social changes in modern societies.     

政策变迁视角下创新生态系统演化研究——以新能源汽车产业为例

在政策变迁视角下构建新能源汽车创新生态系统的“结构-种群-环境”演化分析框架，将我国新能源汽车产业发展分为技术探索、示范推广、快速发展、质量发展四个阶段，基于1991—2021年中国新能源汽车产业的专利联合申请数据，构建产业技术创新专利合作网络。研究结果表明，我国新能源汽车产业政策变迁与创新生态系统演变是一个协同演化的过程，以国家电网为代表的电力公司逐渐成为网络中的核心节点，研究机构和高校成为次要核心节点；创新生态系统主体共生的广度提升而深度降低，中心性和生态位变动较小，在技术上的应变性一直较强。对此应当坚持市场主导和政府引导，遵循产业规律；鼓励核心技术攻关，构建多方深度参与的技术创新网络；促进市场竞争，推动兼并重组；布局自主知识产权体系，助力国际技术竞争。     

《巴黎协定》温控目标下未来碳排放空间的准确估算问题辨析

为了应对工业化以来的全球增暖问题，《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方通过《巴黎协定》设定了“将全球平均气温较前工业化时期上升幅度控制在2℃以内，并努力将温度上升幅度限制在1.5℃以内”的目标。当前，全球平均表面温度相对工业革命前的升温已超过1℃，累积二氧化碳（CO₂）排放达到2 390 Gt。因此，要实现《巴黎协定》的1.5℃和2℃温控目标，需要准确估算未来剩余的碳排放空间。文章在概述地球系统碳循环与升温关系的基础上，对未来碳排放空间的估算方法进行评述，分析讨论了政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第六次评估报告（AR6）和IPCC第五次评估报告（AR5）发布以来在碳排放空间估算方面的国际研究进展，探究了造成估算结果差异的原因并指出影响未来碳排放空间估算准确性的关键因素。最后，围绕未来碳排放空间的准确估算问题，提出了亟待加强的研究领域。文章可为科学界在温控目标下准确估算未来碳排放空间核算数据及未来的研究重点方向提供参考。