锤炼竞争优势:体育院校高水平运动队发展战略

从资源基础、竞技产出和“后竞技”发展风险的综合视角,审视体育院校高水平运动队所处的现实格局。指出:体育院校高水平运动队正面临着难得的发展机遇。提出:体育院校高水平运动队的战略规划应着眼于锤炼持久的竞争优势,遵循由强到大的基本路径,以保证运动员的全面发展为基本前提。这一过程中,政府的作用表现为构建体育院校良好的发展平台和竞争环境。     

浅谈职业道德修养对促进体育教师发展的重要意义

随着当代教育的不断发展与所面临的挑战多样化,其特殊性决定了教师需要始终不间断的加强自我的人格修养及培养优秀的职业道德品质。在教学中,老师转变角色成为组织者、引导者,其自身的职业道德修养也成为了教学质量最关键的影响因素。在新课改不断发展的背景下,职业道德修养的高低也更为重要地影响着教师自身的发展。     

小学生喜欢体育而不喜欢体育课的原因及对策研究

好动、爱玩是小学生的天性,生动有趣的体育活动可以使他们以充沛的精力投入其中。小学体育课是体育教师有计划、有组织地引导学生参与体育锻炼的一种活动过程,由于体育课的组织存在严厉、枯燥、约束性比较强的现象,小学生的稳定性与自我控制能力也相对较弱,一堂体育课如果过长或形式单一地组织,就会出现学生的运动兴趣降低,导致小学生喜欢体育,但不喜欢体育课。而小学生不喜欢体育课将会影响到体育课的教学质量,也将影响学生的身心健康发展,针对这一问题分析原因,提出相应对策。     

浅谈如何提高学生中考排球正面双手垫球水平的策略分析

排球教学在初中体育教学中占有一定的比例,同时也是中考的考试项目之一。对于体育课程中的排球教学来说,教师首先应让学生掌握的知识技能,便是垫球技术。在正式探究垫球技术的运用之前,教师需要对垫球这一动作形成一定的了解,形成自己的理论教学基础。而对于排球垫球技术教学来说,它虽然动作比较简单,但是因为球的移动范围比较大,所以在实际的学习过程中,学生掌握并不是很容易。因此,本文将立足初中体育排球课程教学现状的基础上,对如何提高学生中考排球正面双手垫球水平的策略展开分析。     

Criterion-related validity of self-report walking time from the EPIC questionnaire in older adults

Tools for measuring walking time make use of objective and subjective methods. One subjective approach is to administer physical activity questionnaires (PAQ), mainly because they are inexpensive and easy to give to large groups. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study has a brief PAQ (EPIC-PAQ) and includes one question referencing walking time. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of the question about time spent walking included in the EPIC-PAQ.

The sample included 200 older adults (113 women). To assess daily walking time, participants responded to the EPIC-PAQ in an interview and wore a portable gait analysis system and physical activity monitor for 48 consecutive hours in free-living condition.

Results indicated that the mean of bias between the EPIC-PAQ and objetive measurement was ?64.6 min/day. Also, the correlation was low compared to an objective measurement (rho = 0.196) and was positively correlated with the time spent at speeds below 2.5 mph but the correlation was low (slow walking rho = 0.154 and pace walking rho = 0.163).

The EPIC-PAQ shows low correlations with the objective measurement of walking time, that suggests it may be inaccurate and affecting the estimate of the EPIC-PAQ’s PA energy expenditure in this age group.     

Association between physical activity and digestive-system cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) may have an impact on digestive-system cancer (DSC) by improving insulin sensitivity and anticancer immune function and by reducing the exposure of the digestive tract to carcinogens by stimulating gastrointestinal motility, thus reducing transit time. The current study aimed to determine the effect of PA on different types of DSC via a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsIn accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched for relevant studies in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Using a random effects model, the relationship between PA and different types of DSC was analyzed.ResultsThe data used for meta-analysis were derived from 161 risk estimates in 47 studies involving 5,797,768 participants and 55,162 cases. We assessed the pooled associations between high vs. low PA levels and the risk of DSC (risk ratio (RR)  = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.79–0.85), colon cancer (RR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.76–0.87), rectal cancer (RR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.80–0.98), colorectal cancer (RR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.69–0.85), gallbladder cancer (RR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.64–0.98), gastric cancer (RR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.76–0.91), liver cancer (RR = 0.73, 0.60–0.89), oropharyngeal cancer (RR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.72–0.87), and pancreatic cancer (RR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.78–0.93). The findings were comparable between case-control studies (RR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.68–0.78) and prospective cohort studies (RR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.80–0.91). The meta-analysis of 9 studies reporting low, moderate, and high PA levels, with 17 risk estimates, showed that compared to low PA, moderate PA may also reduce the risk of DSC (RR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.80–1.00), while compared to moderate PA, high PA seemed to slightly increase the risk of DSC, although the results were not statistically significant (RR = 1.11, 95%CI: 0.94–1.32). In addition, limited evidence from 5 studies suggested that meeting the international PA guidelines might not significantly reduce the risk of DSC (RR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.91–1.02).ConclusionCompared to previous research, this systematic review has provided more comprehensive information about the inverse relationship between PA and DSC risk. The updated evidence from the current meta-analysis indicates that a moderate-to-high PA level is a common protective factor that can significantly lower the overall risk of DSC. However, the reduction rate for specific cancers may vary. In addition, limited evidence suggests that meeting the international PA guidelines might not significantly reduce the risk of DSC. Thus, future studies must be conducted to determine the optimal dosage, frequency, intensity, and duration of PA required to reduce DSC risk effectively.     

政策工具视角下《身体活动全球行动计划(2018-2030)》文本分析及对我国全民健身政策制定的启示

采用内容分析法，按照政策工具的分析框架从X基本政策工具和Y统筹协作多元主体两个维度对《身体活动全球行动计划（2018-2030）》的政策文本进行分析单元界定、内容编码、计量与分析。研究发现：世卫组织《行动计划》政策文本兼顾了三种类型的政策工具，运用较为均衡，推动和拉动及影响效用较为显著。其中供给型政策工具内容占据主导，重点关注科技的使用与创新；环境型政策工具内容运用合理，长短期政策相互配合；需求型政策工具内容比例适中，更为侧重国际交流与服务外包。该计划以公共健康为本，注重跨区域跨部门合作，发挥社区组织为支撑的多元主体协作机制，以推动全民健身的开展与实施。最后，针对《行动计划》政策文本中政策工具运用情况的分析，以期为我国全民健身政策的优化与完善提供启示与借鉴。     

《国家学生体质健康标准》实施中形式主义倾向分析

通过文献资料、逻辑分析、访谈等方法,对推行《国家学生体质健康标准》的目的、意义进行论述,并对其实施过程中出现的基层落实形式化、学生认知形式化、教师执行形式化、测试过程形式化、统计上报形式化、监管反馈形式化的形式主义倾向表现进行分析,提出在今后实施过程中的改进措施,推进其健康实施。