台湾地区乡村治理中的平权特点及其启示

中国台湾地区的乡村自治经历多次变革,形成治理成本低而收益高的平权式治理模式。它具有村级公共权力分配的合理性、乡镇权力的延伸性、村民权利的现实性等特点。这对当下中国大陆地区村民自治的改革中的公共权力分配、乡镇与村组织的衔接、法律法规的完善和民间组织的发展等具有一定启示意义。     

大学筹资结构对办学绩效影响的实证研究--以美国全国性大学为例

本文以美国全国性大学为样本,对大学筹资结构与办学绩效的关系进行了实证分析。结果表明,大学经费来源结构对大学办学绩效不构成显著影响,竞争性经费结构对大学办学绩效则构成显著影响。具体到各项经费上,政府拨款比例对大学办学绩效构成显著负向影响,政府补助与合同、个人捐赠与合同比例、投资收益比例、其他核心收益比例均对大学办学绩效构成显著正向影响,学费比例不构成显著影响。我国应该鼓励大学筹资结构多元化和民办大学的发展,促进大学基金会和社会捐赠制度建设,培育和挖掘企业或校友资源,增强政府经费的竞争性和选择性,从而促进大学为赢得更多经费支持而不断完善内部的治理结构,提高自身办学绩效。     

Empowerment or impediment? School governance in the school-based management era in Hong Kong

Following the international trend in education towards democracy and decentralization, the Hong Kong government introduced a school-based management (SBM) system about two decades ago. It is widely recognized in the literature that decentralization, empowering school level management and marginalizing the influence of the intermediate level of governance, can result in better deployment of school resources and better meet the demands of various stakeholders. However, in the unique historical and cultural context of Hong Kong, the advantages of decentralization claimed in the literature have yet to be fully realized. This paper discusses the contextual factors affecting the implementation of SBM in Hong Kong, and examines their impact on four major stakeholders, namely the government, the principals, the teachers, and the parents in the wake of reform.     

The OECD and the local: PISA-based Test for Schools in the USA

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has recently piloted the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)-based Test for Schools in the USA. In this paper, I contend that by connecting directly with local school boards this new initiative has the potential to further promote the OECD's educational agenda in local policy debates. I begin to develop this argument by providing an overview of the OECD and its work. I then lay out a theoretical framework around global governance and knowledge production within the context of the OECD. Next, I provide a brief overview of the traditional PISA study and compare it to the new PISA-based Test for Schools initiative. This context provides the foundation for a discussion of the ways in which a school-based international assessment can operate as a governance tool, allowing international organizations to have greater influence in the formation and implementation of local educational policies.     

Up or down and out? A systemic analysis of young people's educational pathways in the youth justice system in England and Wales

Many young people in the youth justice system in England and Wales are educationally marginalised and systemic barriers to their engagement with education persist. This article presents an analytical framework for understanding how education and youth justice practices shape young people's educational pathways during their time in the youth justice system with the aim of understanding the systemic dynamics that encourage or impede young people's engagement with education. It draws on data from a case study of 32 young people who were serving either a community or a custodial sentence under the supervision of one youth offending team in England and Wales. Using as analytical starting points Bourdieu's and Wacquant's conceptualisations of competing dynamics within the ‘bureaucratic field’ of state governance and Hodkinson's careership theory, this article discusses the interplay between exclusionary and inclusionary interests operating within and between the agencies of education and youth justice and the extent to which they play a role in sustaining young people's involvement in education or compounding their educational and social marginalisation.     

Governing for Results on a Postcollective Bargaining Wisconsin School Board

The popular narrative of Wisconsin’s collective bargaining battle started out being about money. Should public employees pay more toward their healthcare? Can school districts offset state aid cuts using the additional revenue from employee healthcare contributions? Does collective bargaining have a cost? This article gives an overview of Wisconsin school boards, explains exactly how Act 10 increased their power, demonstrates why and how improved school board governance can have an impact on student achievement, reviews the changes Wisconsin school boards are making because of Act 10, and provides policy recommendations to improve both board governance behaviors, and the quality of policies enacted by school boards in the postcollective bargaining era.     

职业教育产教深度融合研究框架设计

产教深度融合是职业教育健康发展的关键所在,是院校办学活力之源;产教融合校企合作的治理体系和治理能力已经成为考量职业教育内涵发展和学校办学现代化水平最为核心的问题。从产教深度融合的研究内容、研究思路、研究方法、研究重点、研究难点等方面做了阐述。     

高校治理体系完善与治理能力提升探析

立足高校治理体系与治理能力的理论分析,梳理和总结现有相关研究成果,探究当前我国高校治理体系与治理能力建设的制约因素,提出构建合作参与型的高校治理模式凝聚高校治理能力提升的合力、理顺高校治理结构减少高校治理能力提升的阻力、健全高校治理机制增强高校治理能力提升的动力三路径,促进高校治理体系的完善和治理能力的提升。     

我国红十字会治理体系和治理能力之现代化

我国红十字会作为以人道主义为目标的社会救助团体,在协助政府防灾救灾减灾、维护社会稳定和促进国际交流与合作中发挥了重要的功能作用。近年来,与红十字会有关事件的发生折射出红十字会组织管理机制体系行政化、信息披露机制体系片面化和对外联络机制体系封闭化等治理体系不完善问题,同时也凸显出在治理能力方面存在决策不够民主科学、信息化程度低、资金管理缺乏专业等治理能力弱化问题。结合红十字会组织的宗旨和性质,研究红十字会治理体系和治理能力现代化的具体路径,以期其功能充分发挥,以善治助推“善业”。     

社会主义核心价值观引领国家治理现代化的价值意蕴

完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的必然要求,也是实现社会主义现代化的应有之义。以价值观为核心的软治理是传统治理转向现代治理转变过程中不可或缺的柔性力量。社会主义核心价值观作为中国精神的集中体现,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的价值保证和精神内核,关系国家治理现代化的战略目标能否实现。要大力培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观,为推进国家治理现代化奠定价值支撑、提供价值旨归、凝聚价值共识。