大学生的自尊、抑郁特点及其关系

采用Rosenberg(1965)自尊量表和流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)对913名不同性别、不同来源、不同学科、不同年级的大学生进行调查.结果发现:(1)大学生自尊整体状况良好;不同性别、不同来源、不同年级的大学生自尊差异均未达统计学上的显著性;文科大学生的自尊比理科大学生更低且具有统计学的显著意义.(2)大学生的抑郁检出率较高(44.5%);抑郁的性别差异、文理科差异及城乡差异均未达到统计学显著性;大一学生抑郁状态高于大二、大三学生且达到了统计学显著性.(3)大学生的自尊与抑郁呈统计学上非常显著的负相关.     

Cyberbullying victimisation and mental distress: testing the moderating role of attachment security,social support,and coping styles

Although it has been well established that cyberbullying leads to mental health problems, less is known about the factors that confer resilience to the adverse effects of cyberbullying among young people. To address this gap, adolescents aged 13–19 years (n = 476) completed a survey measuring cyberbullying victimisation, attachment styles, perceived social support, coping styles, and mental distress. Compared to non-victims, victims of cyberbullying experienced higher levels of depression and anxiety and endorsed more self-statements indicative of attachment anxiety. Peer support, security in attachment relationships, and the endorsement of positive coping strategies attenuated the positive relationship between cyberbullying victimisation and mental health difficulties. Family support did not appear to buffer adolescents from mental distress in this context. However, family support was the strongest bivariate predictor of reduced mental distress. Although peer relations should be the target of intervention programmes within school settings, the findings highlight the importance of including families in cyberbullying prevention programmes.     

“Neglected moms” - The implications of emotional neglect in childhood for the transition to motherhood

BackgroundThe transition to motherhood involves many challenges that require adjustment; included among them are adapting to body changes, forging a maternal identity, and attaching to the baby. Although these tasks may not be easy for any women, those who experienced emotional neglect during childhood may find them especially difficult.ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to examine a model illuminating the mechanism underlying the association between childhood emotional neglect and women’s adjustment during pregnancy and the postpartum period.Participants and settingThree hundred and ninety four Israeli women participated in the study, during their pregnancy (Time 1) and two months postpartum (Time 2).MethodsParticipants filled out a battery of questionnaires assessing their history of childhood emotional neglect, body experience, maternal self-efficacy, attachment to the fetus/baby, and depression.ResultsResults from structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that childhood emotional neglect was associated with depression at both Time 1 and Time 2. These associations were mediated by the body experience during pregnancy (Time 1) and motherhood (Time 2) as well as by anticipated maternal self-efficacy (Time 1) and maternal self-efficacy (Time 2). The model explained 56% of the variance of postpartum depression (Time 2).ConclusionsThese findings point to the long-term implications of childhood emotional neglect for women’s adjustment to the transition to motherhood. The underlying mechanism suggested by the research model is discussed.     

能给予就不贫穷

教师节那天,一大群孩子争着给他送来了鲜花、卡片、千纸鹤……一张张小脸蛋洋溢着快乐,好像过节的不是老师倒是他们。     

水飞蓟宾对丁酸钠引起的老龄鼠抑郁和焦虑样行为的影响

目的:研究丁酸钠对老龄鼠抑郁和焦虑样行为的影响及水飞蓟宾对其行为的干预作用.方法:8月龄昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组、丁酸钠组、丁酸钠+水飞蓟宾(0.1 g·kg-1)组、丁酸钠+水飞蓟宾(0.2 g·kg-1)组.通过悬尾实验、旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验和明暗箱实验观察丁酸钠和水飞蓟宾对老龄鼠的行为学影响.结果:在悬尾实验中,丁酸钠组小鼠较对照组小鼠不动时间明显延长(P<0.05);水飞蓟宾组小鼠较丁酸钠组小鼠不动时间明显缩短(P<0.05,P<0.01).在旷场实验中,丁酸钠组小鼠较对照组小鼠跨格次数显著减少(P<0.05);水飞蓟宾组(0.2 g·kg-1)小鼠较丁酸钠组小鼠跨格次数显著增加(P<0.05).在高架十字迷宫实验中,丁酸钠组小鼠较对照组小鼠在闭臂停留时间显著延长(P<0.05);水飞蓟宾组小鼠较丁酸钠组小鼠在闭臂停留时间有缩短趋势,但差异无显著性(P>0.05).在明暗箱实验中,丁酸钠组小鼠较对照组小鼠在明箱停留时间明显减少(P<0.05);水飞蓟宾组(0.2 g·kg-1)小鼠较丁酸钠组小鼠在明箱停留时间明显增加(P<0.05).结论:丁酸钠可引起老龄鼠出现抑郁和焦虑样行为;水飞蓟宾能够明显改善丁酸钠引起的抑郁和焦虑样行为.     

职业学校新生心理健康与个性特征的关系研究

采用中学生心理健康量表、焦虑白评量表、自评抑郁量表、自卑感量表和中学生个性测验量表,调查职业学校新生的心理健康现状,结果表明:职校新生心理健康检出率较低,总体状况良好.但是有2.6%的学生存在严重或较重的心理问题,其中在学习压力、情绪不平衡和人际关系紧张与敏感等因子上问题相对严重;有1.87%的学生焦虑水平较高;36.5%的学生有轻度抑郁情况,9.9%的学生有中度以上的抑郁;在学习、外表、自敬等因子上有较高自卑的学生均在20%以上.男女生在心理健康及个性特征上存在显著差异.职校新生的独立性、幻想性、怀疑性和有效性与心理健康呈极其显著正相关;敢为性、克制性、乐群性、慎密性和稳定性与心理健康呈极其显著负相关.克制性、独立性、有效性、稳定性、敢为性、怀疑性、慎密性对心理健康具有极其显著的预测作用.     

Being a resource for both mother and child: fathers' experiences following a complicated birth

The aim of this study was to describe fathers' experiences of being present on a postnatal ward and during the first days at home following a complicated birth. Fifteen fathers were interviewed, and content analysis was used for the analysis. The theme illustrated that fathers were a resource for both mother and child through practical and emotional engagement. The categories describe how the father empowers the mother and illustrates adapting to new family roles. Following complicated birth, fathers should be invited to stay around-the-clock on postnatal wards because it gives them the opportunity to place their resources at the disposal of mother and child. In antenatal courses, fathers should be prepared for their empowering role after a complicated birth.     

女性抑郁型人格

女性抑郁是一个普遍关注的问题,这个群体存在共有的人格特征,如:悲观主义、理想主义、内部归因、人际交往被动、依赖、受暗示性强等。造成这种人格特征的原因主要是早期的生活环境决定的,同时也离不开传统文化和现代社会的压力。     

Genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The genetic basis of heterosis was studied through mid-parent, standard variety and better parent for 11 quantitative traits in 17 parental lines and their 10 selected hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The characters were plant height, days to flag leaf initiation, days to first panicle initiation, days to 100% flowering, panicle length, flag leaf length, days to maturity, number of fertile spikelet/panicle, number of effective tillers/hill, grain yield/10-hill, and 1000-grain weight. In general the hybrids performed significantly better than the respective parents. Significant heterosis was observed for most of the studied characters. Among the 10 hybrids, four hybrids viz., 17A×45R, 25A×37R, 27A×39R, 31A×47R, and 35A×47R showed highest heterosis in 10-hill grain yield/10-hill. Inbreeding depression of F2 progeny was also studied for 11 characters of 10 hybrids. Both positive and negative inbreeding depression were found in many crosses for the studied characters, but none was found significant. Selection of good parents was found to be the most important for developing high yielding hybrid rice varieties.     

Research Summaries for Normal Birth

In this column, the authors summarize four research studies relevant to normal birth. Topics of the studies summarized include the harms of screening for macrosomia late in pregnancy, the risk factors for and impact of postpartum pain in childbearing women, the effects of a breastfeeding approach called “biological nurturing” on reflexive behavior in newborns, and the effects of prenatal yoga on labor and birth outcomes.