Predicting athletes’ functional and dysfunctional emotions: The role of the motivational climate and motivation regulations

This study examined the relationships between perceptions of the motivational climate, motivation regulations, and the intensity and functionality levels of athletes’ pleasant and unpleasant emotional states. Specifically, we examined the hypothesised mediational role of motivation regulations in the climate–emotion relationship. We also tested a sequence in which emotions were assumed to be predicted by the motivational climate dimensions and then served as antecedents to variability in motivation regulations. Participants (N = 494) completed a multi-section questionnaire assessing targeted variables. Structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that a perceived task-involving climate was a positive predictor of autonomous motivation and of the impact of functional anger, and a negative predictor of the intensity of anxiety and dysfunctional anger. Autonomous motivation was a partial mediator of perceptions of a task-involving climate and the impact of functional anger. An ego-involving climate was a positive predictor of controlled motivation, and of the intensity and impact of functional anger and the intensity of dysfunctional anger. Controlled motivation partially mediated the relationship between an ego-involving climate and the intensity of dysfunctional anger. Good fit to the data also emerged for the motivational climate, emotional states, and motivation regulations sequence. Findings provide support for the consideration of hedonic tone and functionality distinctions in the assessment of athletes’ emotional states.     

Facilitators and barriers to African American high school students' self-determination skill expression

We conducted four focus group interviews with 24 high school youth to examine facilitators and barriers to African American high school students' expression of various self-determination skills (e.g., choice/decision making, self-advocacy, goal setting, and attainment etc.). The majority of our research participants were African American, with one student identifying as multiracial (African American and White). Key findings revealed that personal (e.g., desire to graduate from school) and contextual factors (e.g., school counselor and teacher support) influenced the participants' expression of multiple self-determination skills. We also found that some of the participants' motives for utilizing or not utilizing specific skills were influenced by what they perceived as racist, punitive, and restrictive school practices (e.g., teachers holding negative perceptions about African American students and school counselors restricting their access to advanced courses). Findings from this study support ongoing calls for educators to consider students' cultural backgrounds and lived experiences when promoting their expression of self-determination skills.     

动机的自我决定理论及其在管理领域的应用

介绍动机自我决定理论(self-determination theory)的基本内容及近来的研究成果,介绍Gagne'和Deci所提出的自我决定理论的工作动机模型,还探索SDT对组织管理的启示和未来的研究方向.     

小学高年级女生体育课中的自主支持感与动机定向之间的关系： 基本心理需要的中介作用

以自我决定理论为基础,检验能力、自主和关系感对自主支持感与学生的动机定向之间关系的中介作用。采用问卷法对232 名小学4～6 年级 的女生进行调查,结构方程模型的结果显示：学生知觉到的来自体育教师的自主支持对能力、自主和关系感这3 种基本心理需要有着显著的预测作 用,同时,每种基本心理需要对学生的动机定向有着显著的预测作用,基本心理需要对自主支持感与学生动机定向之间的关系具有完全中介作用。 因此,为了使学生形成自主的动机定向,体育教师应该尽量营造自主支持的教学情境来满足学生基本的心理需要。     

运用自我决定理论对大学生逃避课外运动行为机制的研究

研究目的是建立大学生逃避运动行为的动机模型,并通过调查分析来验证该模型。学校、教师和家长的管理和行为影响学生的能力感和自主感,而这种低自主支持的社会因子降低了学生参与体育运动的自我决定动机,从而导致学生低意图参与体育运动,形成逃避运动行为。研究结果支持该模型的成立。     

The role of classroom characteristics for students’ motivation and career exploration

This study focused on students enrolled in obligatory vocational education courses in German secondary schools that aim to support students’ career exploration. The study examined the relations between student-perceived classroom characteristics (support for autonomy, competence and relatedness), students’ intrinsic motivation and their career exploration (self- and environmental exploration). Data were analysed from 1780 seventh- to tenth-graders (boys: 54.2%) from 13 German secondary schools. The structural equation modelling results revealed that student-perceived support for autonomy, competence and relatedness in class was significantly positively related to their intrinsic motivation and self-exploration. Student-perceived support for competence was significantly positively related to environment exploration. Student-perceived relatedness in class was significantly positively related to their achievement. Intrinsic motivation was significantly positively related to self- and environment exploration and achievement. The results showed that the paths within the tested model varied for boys and girls. Findings are discussed in relation to their implications for career preparation in school, as well as related to gendered motivational processes.     

嵌入式软件技术的现状与发展动向

嵌入式软件的特征可概括了四个字：“小”，“特”，“专”，“简”，其中，操作系统具有极其重要的意义，有四个原因促成了嵌入式软件近来的兴旺：其一，移动通信，信息家电和手持设备日趋火热；其二，Linux的开放性标准与嵌入式软件开发“量体裁衣”的特点和谐一致；第三，迄今为止，在这个领域没有形成较高程度的垄断，但嵌入式软件面对的技术难度也是很多的，在信息自主的时代嵌入式软件发展的方向及针对我们国家的特色应该注意的问题是值得我们认真研究。     

Personal strengths and perceived teacher support as predictors of Singapore students’ academic risk status

Abstract

This study explored the relative salience of students’ personal strengths and teacher support in predicting academic risk status. The participants were Secondary One (S1, Grade Seven) students from Singapore who scored below the cohort’s mean score in a national test administered at the end of primary education, and were identified as low risk (n = 309) or high risk (n = 396), based on their S1 achievement score in the English Language subject. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with academic risk status as criterion variable and the following potential predictors: students’ background variables (i.e. socio-economic status, cognitive ability and initial achievement), personal strengths, teacher–student relatedness, and teacher autonomy and competence support. After controlling for the effects of the students’ background variables, teacher trust emerged as the strongest (negative) and most stable predictor of high-risk status; teacher alienation and teacher–student communication were found as significant positive predictors of students’ placement in the high-risk group.     

主体性:现代性的根本理论基石

通过对现代性的哲学理论基础进行比较详细的历史的探讨,可以看出,现代性的哲学基础就是主体性,它包括个体主义、理性、自主性和反思性等特征.这不仅为我们理解和把握现代性提供了坚实的哲学理论基础,而且对理解和把握现代性具有重要的理论和现实意义.     

高职高专学生英语自主学习策略的探讨

在高职高专英语教学初期,如何培养学生英语自主学习能力是摆在每一位致力于高职高专英语教学教师面前的实际问题。教师要从激发学生的学习兴趣出发,开发他们认知因素和情感因素.提高其自主学习的思想意识,并施以科学的教学方法。同时,还要积极为学生创设自主学习的轻松环境,逐步使他们养成一种自主学习的习惯,从而达到提高英语学习的能力.